scholarly journals Microcontroller Based High Voltage, High Speed Trigger Control Circuit for SMARTEX-C

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 100-105
Author(s):  
Minsha Shah ◽  
Hitesh Mandaliya ◽  
Lavkesh Lachhvani ◽  
Manu Bajpai ◽  
Rachana Rajpal
Keyword(s):  
Time Scales ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Electron Plasma ◽  
Control Circuit ◽  
Switching Speed ◽  
Fast Switching ◽  
Electrode Potentials ◽  
Dc Power ◽  
Wide Range

Microcontroller based trigger control circuit for fast pulsing of electrode potentials on wide range of time scales has been designed, installed, and tested for electron plasma experiments which are carried out in partial toroidal trap SMall Aspect Ratio Toroidal Electron plasma EXperiment in C – shaped geometry (SMARTEX – C), a device to create and confine non-neutral plasma (electron plasma). The sequence of trap operation is inject-hold-dump for which electrodes need to be pulsed with applied voltages at a high switching speed of few nanoseconds. Also this sequence of operation needs to be controlled over a very wide range of time scales from few microseconds to few seconds. As the available COTS (Commercial-Off-The-Shelf) high voltage DC power supplies generally do not provide this feature of fast switching at nanosecond time scale, MOSFET based circuit is developed which provides fast switching in the range of 20 – 100 nanoseconds of high voltages (200Vdc - 500Vdc) of multiple electrodes. The timing pulse widths of these trigger pulses are controlled using a microcontroller-based circuit. This experimental set-up also requires the triggering of a high current dc power supply used for an Electro-magnet (Toroidal Field Coil) to generate a toroidal magnetic field, at the start of this experiment. For this purpose, a Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR) based circuit is used. The gate pulse to trigger the SCR circuit is also generated from this microcontroller-based circuit. National Instrument’s LabVIEW software based Graphical User Interface (GUI) is developed for triggering the SCR and electrodes with a programmable time period through the serial link.

Study of Flow Characteristics and Control Circuit on High-Speed Solenoid Valve

2012 ◽  
Vol 619 ◽  
pp. 107-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Hua Li ◽  
Wen Lin Shao
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Pulse Signal ◽  
Solenoid Valve ◽  
Control Circuit ◽  
Duty Ratio ◽  
Time Sharing ◽  
Small Current ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
And Control

Through the analysis of the flow characteristics of the high-speed solenoid valve, the conclusions that the PWM signal duty ratio is the main factor affecting the solenoid valve flow is obtained, a new available any PWM pulse signal and control circuit are proposed. Further, circuit schematic is simulated by means of SIMULINK tools in MATLAB environment and Verify its stability. A time-sharing drive circuit is design based on the PWM drive mode. The driver circuit have function which is high-current open, small current maintain. Open current and maintain current of Solenoid valve can be adjusted through this circuit. Therefore, the circuit can adapt to different parameters of the solenoid valve. A wide range of applications.

scholarly journals High-speed force spectroscopy: microsecond force measurements using ultrashort cantilevers

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 689-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Valotteau ◽  
Fidan Sumbul ◽  
Felix Rico
Keyword(s):  
Time Scales ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Protein Unfolding ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Force Spectroscopy ◽  
Md Simulations ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Force Measurements ◽  
Cellular Mechanics ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Complete understanding of the role of mechanical forces in biological processes requires knowledge of the mechanical properties of individual proteins and living cells. Moreover, the dynamic response of biological systems at the nano- and microscales span over several orders of magnitude in time, from sub-microseconds to several minutes. Thus, access to force measurements over a wide range of length and time scales is required. High-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM) using ultrashort cantilevers has emerged as a tool to study the dynamics of biomolecules and cells at video rates. The adaptation of HS-AFM to perform high-speed force spectroscopy (HS-FS) allows probing protein unfolding and receptor/ligand unbinding up to the velocity of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with sub-microsecond time resolution. Moreover, application of HS-FS on living cells allows probing the viscoelastic response at short time scales providing deep understanding of cytoskeleton dynamics. In this mini-review, we assess the principles and recent developments and applications of HS-FS using ultrashort cantilevers to probe molecular and cellular mechanics.

Structure Optimization on High-Speed Electromagnetic Repulsion Mechanism

2014 ◽  
Vol 532 ◽  
pp. 611-615
Author(s):  
En Yuan Dong ◽  
Mei Wei Liu ◽  
Zhi Bing Li ◽  
Xiang Lian Yan ◽  
Yu Shuo Chen
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Structure Optimization ◽  
Magnetic Actuator ◽  
Switching Speed ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Fast Switching ◽  
The Core ◽  
Permanent Magnetic Actuator ◽  
Capacitance Voltage

High speed mechanical switches are gradually becoming a research hotspot in power systems, for its fast switching speed, large conduction flow and voltage-withstanding. Among them, the core design of the switches focuses on optimal design of the structure of repulsion actuator. Besides traditional factors like coil turns, capacitance, voltage, which affect the output power, the material and structure of coil frame, the enclosure of repulsion mechanism are found to be important factors in this paper. Based on finite element analysis and simulation of repulsion mechanism, a novel prototype was designed, and the simulation results were verified by experiments. Moreover, during opening process of switch, the repulsion mechanism coupled with either assistant spring or assistant opening coil in permanent magnetic actuator (PMA) are compared by experiments. The results show that the switch has smaller opening oscillation and simpler structure through using assistant opening coil. This paper has provided a better guidance for the development of high-speed repulsion mechanism in interrupters.

Next Generation Planar 1700 V, 20 mΩ 4H-SiC DMOSFETs with Low Specific On-Resistance and High Switching Speed

2017 ◽  
Vol 897 ◽  
pp. 521-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q.J. Zhang ◽  
G. Wang ◽  
Charlotte Jonas ◽  
Craig Capell ◽  
Steve Pickle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Dynamic Characteristics ◽  
High Power ◽  
Switching Speed ◽  
Static And Dynamic Characteristics ◽  
Medium Voltage ◽  
Fast Switching ◽  
High Switching Speed ◽  
Fast Switching Speed

Due to their fast switching speed, knee-free forward characteristics, and a robust, low reverse recovery body diode, SiC MOSFETs are ideal candidates to replace silicon IGBTs in many high-power medium-voltage applications. 1700 V SiC MOSFETs have already been released to production at Wolfspeed based on its 2nd Gen technology. In this paper, we present our latest results in high voltage 4H-SiC MOSFET development. A low specific on-resistance of 4.7 mΩ⋅cm2 has been achieved on 1700 V, 20 mΩ 4H-SiC DMOSFETs at 250°C based on a 3rd generation planar MOSFET platform, which is less than half of the resistance of the previous generation devices. A detailed analysis has been carried out with respect to the static and dynamic characteristics, third quadrant conduction, and body diode reverse recovery charge, etc.

Impacts of using wide bandgap transistors on electronics and motors

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathieu Gerber ◽  
Guillaume Callerant ◽  
Christophe Espanet ◽  
Farid Meibody-Tabar ◽  
Noureddine Takorabet
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Wide Bandgap ◽  
Switching Frequency ◽  
Switching Speed ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Parasitic Element ◽  
Fast Switching ◽  
Electronic Model ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the high-frequency impacts of fast switching wide-bandgap transistors on electronic and motor designs. The high-frequency power converters, dedicated to driving high-speed motors, require specific models to design predictively electronic and motors. Design/methodology/approach From magnetic and electric models, the high-frequency parasitic elements for both electronics and motor are determined. Then, high-frequency circuit models accounting for of parasitic element extractions are built to study the wide bandgap transistors commutations and their impacts on motor windings. Findings The results of the models, for electronics and motors, are promising. The high-frequency commutation cell study is used to optimize the layouts and to improve the commutation behaviours and performances. The impact of the switching speed is highlighted on the winding voltage susceptibility. Then, the switching frequency and commutation rapidity can be both optimized to increase the performance of motor and electronics. The electronic model is validated by experimentations. Research limitations/implications The method can be only applied to the existing motor and electronic designs. It is not taken into account in an automized global high-frequency optimizer. Originality/value Helped by magnetic and electric FEA calculations where the parasitic element extractions are performed. The switching frequency and commutation rapidity can be both optimized to increase the performance of motor and electronics.

Experimental Investigations of Transfer Phenomena in a Confined Plane Turbulent Impinging Water Jet

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amine Koched ◽  
Michel Pavageau ◽  
Fethi Aloui
Keyword(s):  
Time Scales ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Impinging Jets ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Confined Water ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Plane Jets ◽  
Component Velocity ◽  
Lagrangian Tracking

In this study, we are interested in the hydrodynamics of impinging plane jets. Plane jets are widely used in ambience separation in HVAC, fire safety, food process engineering, cooling of electronic components etc. Despite their important industrial applications, plane jets have not been studied as extensively as axisymmetric jets. Plane jets exhibit different kind of instabilities stemming from either streamlines with strong curvature in the impingement region or inflection points in the transverse profile of the streamwise component velocity in the lateral mixing layers. Previous works in the GEPEA laboratory were performed on these flows. These works and the majority of the studies reported in the literature deal with turbulent air jets in various configurations. Very little studies have been done on water impinging jets. Taking into account the fact that the viscosity of water is smaller than air, at the same Reynolds number, it is easier to detect phenomena such as vortices. Phenomena can be observed at lower velocities making it possible to record signals with standard frequency bandwidths. This makes it easier also to do a Lagrangian tracking of vortices. We specially focused our study on the impinging zone of the jet. The dynamics of the impinging zone has not formed the subject of numerous studies. There were no studies that characterize the vortices at the impinging region of water jets in terms of size, centre position, vortex intensity, convection velocities, eccentricity, statistical distribution and turbulent length and time scales. Consequently, a confined water plane jet impinging a flat plate was studied using standard and high speed PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry). We used POD decomposition for filtering PIV data. Then, we applied the λ2 criterion to the recorded velocity fields to detect and characterize the vortices at the impingement. A statistical analysis was then performed. Turbulent length scales, time scales and convection velocities of eddies occurring at the impingement were determined using two point space time correlations. The obtained results were correlated to the dynamics and geometric properties of the jet. A wide range of Reynolds numbers is considered: 3000, 6000, 11000 and 16000. The corresponding results are presented in this paper.

scholarly journals Long Range Plasma Momentum Coupling by High Voltage Static Electric field and Deep Space Exploration

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kokwei Chew ◽  
Xinyu Zhou ◽  
Yian Lei
Keyword(s):  
High Voltage ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Space Exploration ◽  
Static Electric Field ◽  
Ambient Plasma ◽  
Deep Space Exploration ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Modern Chemical ◽  
Momentum Coupling ◽  
Very High

Abstract. Space exploration has been long constrained by the efficiency and capability of modern chemical rocket. Propellant-less propulsion has been proposed as a solution to expand the boundary of space exploration. In this paper, we examine the possibilities of a propellantless propulsion scheme through the interaction between the spacecraft and ambient plasma. The spacecraft is charged to high electric potential by constantly shooting electrons away. The high voltage spacecraft will deplete the surrounding electrons, thus interact with a wide range of the background plasma (solar wind) and thus effectively extract momentum from the plasma. By taking advantage of the exploitable ambient plasma, a spacecraft can reach very high speed, thus considerably reducing the travel time. The scheme is also applicable for braking, which is helpful in the exploration of inner planets like Venus and Mercury, and the stopping at the destination planets or stars.

scholarly journals Design of High Performance Modified Wave pipelined DAA Filter with Critical Path Approach

2012 ◽  
pp. 78-82
Author(s):  
Charanjit Singh ◽  
Balwinder Singh
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Critical Path ◽  
Fir Filter ◽  
Control Circuit ◽  
Path Delay ◽  
Clock Skew ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Wave Pipelining ◽  
The Cost

In this paper, a new high speed control circuit is proposed which will act as a critical path for the data which will go from input to output to improve the performance of wave pipelining circuits The wave pipelining is a method of high performance circuit designs which implements pipelining in logic without the use of intermediate registers. Wave pipelining has been widely used in the past few years with a great deal of significant features in technology and applications. It has the ability to improve speed, efficiency, economy in every aspect which it presents. Wave pipelining is being used in wide range of applications like digital filters, network routers, multipliers, fast convolvers, MODEMs, image processing, control systems, radars and many others. In previous work, the operating speed of the wave-pipelined circuit can be increased by the following three tasks: adjustment of the clock period, clock skew and equalization of path delays. The path-delay equalization task can be done theoretically, but the real challenge is to accomplish it in the presence of various different delays. So, the main objective of this paper is to solve the path delay equalization problem by inserting the control circuit in wave pipelined based circuit which will act as critical path for the data that moves from input to output. The proposed technique is evaluated for DSP applications by designing 4- tap FIR filter using Distributed arithmetic algorithm (DAA). Then comparison of this design is done with 4-tap FIR filter designs using conventional pipelining and non pipelining. The synthesis and simulation results based on Xilinx ISE Navigator 12.3 shows that wave pipelined DAA based filter is faster by a factor of 1.43 compared to non pipelined one and the conventional pipelined filter is faster than non pipelined by factor of 1.61 but at the cost of increased logic utilization by 200 %. So, the wave-pipelined DA filters designed with the proposed control circuit can operate at higher frequency than that of non-pipelined but less than that of pipelined. The gain in speed in pipelined compared to that of wavepipelined is at the cost of increased area and more dissipated power. When latency is considered, wavepipelined design filters with the proposed scheme are having the lowest latency among three schemes designed.

Microfabrication research at the National Submicron Facility

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 86-89
Author(s):  
E.D. Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
High Speed ◽  
New Technology ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Particle ◽  
New Science ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Intermediate Domain ◽  
Circuit Function

Most microelectronics devices and circuits operate faster, consume less power, execute more functions and cost less per circuit function when the feature-sizes internal to the devices and circuits are made smaller. This is part of the stimulus for the Very High-Speed Integrated Circuits (VHSIC) program. There is also a need for smaller, more sensitive sensors in a wide range of disciplines that includes electrochemistry, neurophysiology and ultra-high pressure solid state research. There is often fundamental new science (and sometimes new technology) to be revealed (and used) when a basic parameter such as size is extended to new dimensions, as is evident at the two extremes of smallness and largeness, high energy particle physics and cosmology, respectively. However, there is also a very important intermediate domain of size that spans from the diameter of a small cluster of atoms up to near one micrometer which may also have just as profound effects on society as “big” physics.

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