scholarly journals O que sabem alunos do Ensino Fundamental sobre o tema “Ser Humano e Saúde”: a contribuição do Mapa Conceitual / What do Elementary School Students know about “Human Beings and Health”: the Contributions of Conceptual Maps

Author(s):  
Conceição Aparecida Soares Mendonça ◽  
Felipa Pacifico Ribeiro de Assis Silveira

ABSTRACTThis article presents the results of analysis of an experimental study conducted with a group of 7th grade students of a public school in the state of Pernambuco - Brazil. The goal was to understand how concept maps contribute to the process of acquiring knowledge in natural sciences. The idea is that Concept Maps are a resource that facilitates meaningful learning, in the light of the theory of Ausubel. During the pedagogical intervention, Concept Maps were built by the students. In this light, the results presented in this paper correspond to the analysis of the produced maps, as well as of the prior knowledge of the group about Human Excretion. This theme belongs to the topic "Human Beings and Health". The group's responses were categorized to serve as subsidies to the intervention. We verified that the meanings attributed to the subject being studied need to be organized in the cognitive structure of students in order to provide meaningful learning. This is due to the fact that most students' responses belonged to the functional category, i.e. "the terms defined properly stored, without that students understand its meaning”. We believe that Concept Maps can help students to allocate and meaningfully structure their knowledge, as was demonstrated by the qualitative analysis of the maps made by the students.RESUMOEste artigo apresenta o resultado de uma investigação realizada com alunos da 7ª série do ensino fundamental de uma escola pública no estado de Pernambuco - Brasil. O objetivo foi compreender como os Mapas Conceituais contribuem para o processo de aquisição de conhecimento sobre o eixo temático Ser Humano e Saúde, atuando como recurso didático facilitador da aprendizagem significativa na concepção ausubeliana. Os Mapas Conceituais foram construídos durante o processo de intervenção pedagógica e os resultados apresentados correspondem às análises dos Mapas Conceituais, bem como o conhecimento prévio manifestado pelo aluno sobre excreção humana, um dos temas necessários à compreensão do eixo temático Ser Humano e Saúde. Os dados obtidos por meio dos conhecimentos prévios foram categorizados com base nos níveis de alfabetização biológica atribuídos pelo Biological Science Curriculum Study, servindo de subsídio para inter-venção. Constatamos que os significados atribuídos ao tema necessitam ser estruturados cognitivamente para que o aluno venha alcançar a aprendizagem significativa, visto que a maioria dos alunos utiliza-se de termos incorretos em suas respos-tas não demonstrando compreender o significado dos termos científicos que utilizam. Consideramos que o Mapa Conceitual foi capaz de contribuir para a significação do tema, revelando-se como um recurso didático potencial. Contato principal: [email protected]

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
María José Apodaca ◽  
Joseph D. McInerney ◽  
Osvaldo E. Sala ◽  
Liliana Katinas ◽  
Jorge V. Crisci

Is it possible to teach biology without mentioning evolution? The answer is yes, but it is not possible for students to understand biology without the evolutionary context on which the meaning and intellectual value of biological concepts depend. Meaningful learning of evolution requires (1) that the students incorporate new knowledge into a cognitive structure linked with higher-order concepts; (2) a well-organized knowledge structure; and (3) a positive emotional attachment and identification (affective commitment) to the subject by the learner. Concept maps are useful tools in meaningful learning. We present a concept map that organizes concepts of history of life and the processes that generate it, and the hierarchical relationships among them. Biological evolution is a compelling account of life on Earth and of human origins. It constitutes a unifying explanatory framework that can generate a powerful affective commitment to the subject. The concept map provided here is tied to the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS).


2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (01) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Camila Zacche de Aguiar ◽  
Davidson Cury ◽  
Amal Zouaq

Concept maps are graphical tools for representation and construction of knowledge. The manual construction of a concept map requires time and cognitive effort, this being increased when the map should not represent the cognitive structure of the author, but rather, the information expressed in a text written by another author. Therefore, we propose a computational approach for concept map mining from texts in Portuguese that aims to represent the text in summary form through concepts and relationships. To this end, we define a technological architecture that includes the services of: (i) text formatting, removing characters and designing of the text; (ii) domain identification, information retrieval techniques to identify the domain to which refers the text; (iii) elements extractor, natural language processing techniques on the text to extract concept-relation-concept propositions; (iv) element summarizer, supported by graph analysis to identify the relevant concepts on the map; and (v) map visualization, presentation of the propositions in graphic form. The approach developed presents satisfactory results and contributes exceptionally to the summarization of texts to identify the relevant concepts of the text while maintaining its several and most important characteristics. Furthermore, this research introduces the specification of a project to provide computational resources for processing, handling and extraction of conceptual maps.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-222
Author(s):  
Débora Knauth ◽  
Antônio Luiz de Moraes

Resumo Práticas que visem a um ensino-aprendizagem mais dinâmico e significativo têm sido foco de interesse de pesquisas dentro da área de educação. Fazer com que os estudantes sejam mais participativos no processo de aprendizagem e ajudá-los a ter autonomia na busca por informações têm sido um desafio para os educadores. A teoria da Aprendizagem Significativa, proposta por Ausubel (1963), explica que novos conhecimentos são incorporados e melhor aprendidos quando relacionados a conhecimentos prévios já compreendidos pelo sujeito. Na educação, essa metodologia permite ressignificar e reorganizar ideias, criando novas conexões cognitivas. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar uma prática de ensino-aprendizagem baseada na teoria da Aprendizagem Significativa por meio da elaboração de livretos de contos infantis. Uma turma do 1º ano do Ensino Médio foi escolhida para participar da prática que teve como ponto de partida a elaboração de Mapas Conceituais (organizadores prévios) e aplicação de um pré-questionário. Os estudantes foram orientados sobre onde e como fazer uma busca por informações pela internet, uma vez que esse meio de pesquisa é tão usado e importante, porém pouco explorado em sala de aula. A construção do livreto de contos sobre um tópico de Ciências da Natureza foi o produto final do trabalho. Após a atividade, foi realizada a aplicação de um pós-questionário para tornar viável uma análise mais adequada das possíveis aprendizagens dos estudantes. A comparação dos questionários e análise dos materiais produzidos mostraram ideias mais ricas, claras e interrelacionadas, corroborando a hipótese do estudo. O trabalho evidenciou uma ligação entre o múltiplo espaço da internet e a produção física de material (livreto), que se mostrou eficiente para a compreensão e síntese de conteúdos ligados as Ciências da Natureza. Palavras-chave: Ausubel; ensino-aprendizagem; livreto; mapas conceituais; metodologia.       Abstract Science for minors: writing children's booklets as a practice for Meaningful Learning in Science Education Practices that aimed more dynamic and meaningful teaching-learning have been the focus of interest within the area of Education. Making students participatory in the learning process and helping them to have autonomy in the search for information has been a challenge for educators. The Theory of Meaningful Learning, proposed by Ausubel, brings that new knowledge are incorporated and better learned when related to previous knowledge already understood by the subject. In education, this methodology makes it possible to reframe and reorganize ideas, creating new cognitive connections. Thus, the present work aims to present a teaching-learning practice based on the Theory of Meaningful Learning through the development of children's booklet. A class from the 1st year of high school was chosen to participate in the practice that started with the elaboration of Concept Maps (previous organizers) and application of a Pre-questionnaire. The students were instructed on where and how to search for information on the internet, since this means of research is so used and important, but little worked in the classroom. The construction of the booklet of short stories on a topic in Natural Sciences was the final product of the work. After the activity, a Post-questionnaire was applied to make a more adequate analysis of the students' learnings. This study evidenced a connection between the multiple space on the internet and the physical production of material (booklet), which proved to be efficient for the understanding and synthesis of contents related to the Natural Sciences. The comparison of the questionnaires and analysis of the materials produced showed richer, clearer and more interrelated ideas, corroborating the study's hypothesis. Keywords: Ausubel; booklet; concept maps; methodology; teaching-learning.   Resumen Ciencia para menores: elaboración de cuentos para niños como práctica para un aprendizaje significativo en la enseñanza de las ciencias Las prácticas dirigidas a una enseñanza y un aprendizaje más dinámicos y significativos han sido el foco de interés dentro del área de la educación. Hacer que los estudiantes sean participativos en el proceso de aprendizaje y ayudarlos a tener autonomía en la búsqueda de información ha sido un desafío para los educadores. La teoría del Aprendizaje Significativo, propuesta por Ausubel, trae consigo que se incorporen nuevos conocimientos y se aprendan mejor cuando se relacionan con conocimientos previos ya entendidos por el individuo. En educación, esta metodología permite afinar y reorganizar ideas, creando nuevas conexiones cognitivas. Así, el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo presentar una práctica de enseñanza-aprendizaje basada en la teoría del Aprendizaje Significativo a través de la elaboración de libros de cuentos infantiles. Se eligió una clase de 1º año de secundaria para participar de la práctica que se inició con la elaboración de Mapas Conceptuales (organizadores anteriores) y aplicación de un Pre-cuestionario. Se instruyó a los estudiantes sobre dónde y cómo buscar información en Internet, ya que este medio de investigación es tan utilizado e importante, pero poco trabajado en el aula. La construcción del libro de cuentos sobre un tema de Ciencias Naturales fue el producto final del trabajo. Tras la actividad, se aplicó un Post-cuestionario para viabilizar un análisis más adecuado del posible aprendizaje de los estudiantes. Este estudio evidenció una conexión entre el espacio múltiple en internet y la producción física de material (cuadernillo), que resultó ser eficiente para la comprensión y síntesis de contenidos relacionados con las Ciencias Naturales. La comparación de los cuestionarios y el análisis de los materiales producidos arrojaron ideas más ricas, claras e interrelacionadas, corroborando la hipótesis del estudio. Palabras-clave: Ausubel; enseñanza-aprendizaje; libro; mapas conceptuales; metodología.


Author(s):  
Dewi Sefriyanti

This study aims to increase students' interest and mathematics learning achievements on the subject of rank numbers, root shapes and logarithms. In this study I used a concept map. Concept maps are a tool in the form of a scheme that states the relationship between concepts starting from the general to the specific ones which are connected through arrows in the form of propositions. Proposition is two or more statements about a concept that are related to words or arrows. Concept maps play an important role in meaningful learning, with concept maps of students being trained to think, in students being asked to think about concepts or events they already know. Meaningful learning is easier to take place if new concepts are linked to concepts that are inclusive, inclusive concepts that are basic concepts that are more general in nature. Concept maps must be arranged in a hierarchical manner, which means that a more inclusive concept is at the top of the map, the concepts below are sorted into less inclusive ones.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 992-997
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Joan ◽  

Physics is an integral part of the science curriculum in the educational landscape of Nigeria. The subject has attracted extensive research attention primarily due to its relevance and growing concern about the accompanying poor performance. Numerous literatures abound that suggest varying approaches to increasing students interest, motivation, and performance in the subject. However, effort geared towards improving students commitment to the subject is scarcely documented. The present study was aimed to determine whether there would be a difference in commitment to physics between students taught with locally sourced materials and those taught with the conventional learning materials in a convenience sample of 201 senior secondary school students. The students were pooled from the Kogi state secondary education system. A quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test research design were adopted. The result found a statistically significant difference between the research conditions. Thus, the study concludes that the locally sourced instructional materials are an indispensable teaching approach that might increase students commitment to physics. The practical implication of the study is discussed.


Author(s):  
Ponce Toala Freddy Fernando ◽  
Castillo Merino Adriana ◽  
Mónica Maribel Villavicencio Quimis

Los diferentes mapas conceptuales son una herramienta que se  utiliza en el proceso de aprendizaje, para que la  enseñanza tenga significación  y se pueda observar el impacto en la enseñanza de la asignatura Salud Pública a través de mapas conceptuales en facultad de  Ciencias de la Salud en la Universidad Estatal del Sur de Manabí,  se implementó a la enseñanza de la Salud Pública por medio  de mapas conceptuales, y así  determinar el impacto de esta estrategia, se aplica un test evaluativo como  muestra probabilística por tómbola. De 36 alumnos entre todos los que recibieron el tema a través de mapas conceptuales y a otra muestra probabilística por racimos, de 72 alumnos que no tuvieron contacto con dicha herramienta. Para evaluar la diferencia entre los promedios de los grupos, se utilizó la prueba de T–Student, el 77,8% de los estudiantes que recibieron el tema a través de los mapas conceptuales, obtuvieron entre cuatro y cinco puntos y sólo el 8,3% desaprobó la prueba evaluativa; se contrastó con los que no recibieron el tema con dicha herramienta. Los estudiantes en que se implementó esta estrategia lograron un índice de calidad superior en un 47,2% que en el resto de los estudiantes donde no fue implementada y un índice de desaprobado inferior en el 13,9%, quedando demostrado que existieron diferencias muy significativas entre ambos grupos, la utilización de los mapas conceptuales ha impactado de forma muy favorable en la enseñanza de la Salud Pública, pues se alcanza un aprendizaje significativo.Palabras clave: aprendizaje, cognoscitivas, deductivas, saludTEACHING IN PUBLIC HEALTH THROUGH CONCEPT MAPSABSTRACT Introduction: the different conceptual maps are a very used tool in the learning process, so that what is taught is significant, seeing the impact in the teaching of the subject Public Health through concept maps in faculty of Health Sciences in the University State of the South of Manabí, was implemented to the teaching of Public Health through conceptual maps, and thus determine the impact of this strategy, an evaluative test is applied as a probabilistic sample by raffle. Of 36 students among all those who received the subject through concept maps and another probabilistic cluster sample, of 72 students who had no contact with this tool. To evaluate the difference between the averages of the groups, the T-Student test was used, 77.8% of the students who received the subject through the conceptual maps, obtained between four and five points and only the 8, 3% disapproved the evaluation test; It was contrasted with those who did not receive the subject with this tool. The students in which this strategy was implemented achieved a higher quality index in 47.2% than in the rest of the students where it was not implemented and a lower disapproval index in 13.9%, demonstrating that there were very different significant among both groups, the use of concept maps has impacted very favorably on the teaching of Public Health, since significant learning is achieved. Keywords: learning, cognitive and deductive, conceptual maps.


Author(s):  
Francisco Halyson Ferreira Gomes ◽  
Ewerton Wagner Santos Caetano ◽  
Francisco Régis Vieira Alves

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar os conhecimentos sobre Gravitação de alunos da disciplina Física Geral 2 do curso de Licenciatura em Física do Instituto Federal de Educação do Ceará IFCE. Para isso utilizamos como instrumento de pesquisa o uso de mapas conceituais. Conhecer o que o aluno já sabe sobre determinado assunto é um dos princípios da Teoria da Aprendizagem Significativa (TAS) de David Ausubel. Os mapas desenhados pelos alunos passaram por uma análise quantitativa, ao serem pontuados seguindo as orientações de Joseph Novak, sendo critérios de análise a hierarquia dos conceitos, as proposições válidas, a ligação entre os conceitos e os exemplos. Foi feita uma análise qualitativa dos mapas nos mostrou que conceitos estavam presentes de forma significativa na estrutura cognitiva dos alunos. Os dados mostram que a maioria dos alunos consegue fazer a diferenciação progressiva, quando o aluno é capaz de, a partir de um conceito geral, traçar conceitos mais específicos. Os alunos tiverem dificuldade em dar exemplos sobre Gravitação, bem como em relacionar conceitos presentes em diferentes ramos do mapa desenhado. Estes resultados são úteis para dar suporte ao desenvolvimento de metodologias que tornem o ensino de Física mais significativo, dentre elas o uso de ferramentas tecnológicas digitais.Palavras-chave:  Mapa conceitual. Ensino de Física. Aprendizagem significativa.  THE USE OF CONCEPT MAPS IN PHYSICS TEACHINGAbstract: The aim of this paper is to investigate the knowledge about Gravity of Physics’ students of Instituto Federal de Educação do Ceará the (IFCE). For this, we use conceptual maps. Previous knowledge is one of principles from David Ausubel's Significant Learning Theory (TAS). We made a quantitative analysis about the maps drawn by the students, applying for this Joseph Novak’s table to conceptual maps. We analyzed the hierarchy of concepts, the valid propositions, the connections between the concepts and the examples provided. A qualitative analysis of the maps  has revealed  that it conceptualized a significant formation in the students' cognitive structure. The students had difficulty in giving examples, as well as in relating concepts presented in different positions of the map. These results are useful to support the development of methodologies that have made teaching Physics more meaningful, among them the use of digital technological tools.Keywords: Concept maps. Physics learning. Significative learning.


Retos ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 58-62
Author(s):  
María del Carmen Campos Mesa ◽  
María Encarnación Garrido Guzmán ◽  
Carolina Castañeda Vázquez

Con este trabajo queremos dar a conocer nuestra experiencia con una herramienta novedosa para nuestro alumnado de Magisterio de la especialidad de Educación Física: los CMaps Tools, un programa que nos ofrece de forma sencilla y gratuita Microsoft Windows. Esta herramienta ayuda al alumnado, a través de los mapas conceptuales, a desarrollar un aprendizaje significativo. Hemos comprobado como ésta tiene numerosas ventajas. Por un lado consigue estimular el interés del alumnado por los contenidos conceptuales de Educación Física, favorece la creatividad debido a todas las posibilidades que permite el programa de hacer enlaces a imágenes o a páginas Web, etc. y permite al profesorado evaluar de manera formativa el progreso que realiza el alumnado, mientras éstos disfrutan de la posibilidad de trabajar de forma colaborativa a distancia a través de este software. Pensamos que esta herramienta favorece la formación del alumnado en el uso de recursos educativos virtuales y facilita al profesorado la consecución de una metodología activa e innovadora en sus clases, de tal manera que hace operativos los nuevos planteamientos metodológicos del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES).Abstract: TIn this study we want to promote our experience with a new tool for our physical education pupils: CMap Tools software, which is free and included in Microsoft Windows. With this tool these pupils will benefit from using conceptual maps and will belong meaningful learning. We have proven that this tool has a lot of advantages. On the one hand it helps arouse the pupils’ interest for the subject and it promotes creativity through all the possibilities of linking and inserting pictures and web pages that this program enables. It also allows the teacher to evaluate the learning process which pupils undergo by working by cooperative way and from a distance with this software. We believe this tool will stimulate the student skills in using virtual learning resources and can help teachers to carry out and develop an active and innovative methodology in their classes, and through this they will be able to get the new methodologies witch the context of European Space of Superior Education promoves.


2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-30
Author(s):  
Cem Gerçek

The purpose of education is to actualise meaningful learning. Therefore, researching the issues on how students process information and how they configure it is important for meaningful learning. The issue of protein synthesis contains a number of abstract topics and concepts. Hence, it is important in biology teaching to be informed of students’ cognitive structures concerning protein synthesis. This research aims to analyse prospective teachers’ cognitive structures about protein synthesis and their degree of understanding the subject. The research group was composed of 17 volunteering prospective teachers who had been chosen through purposeful sampling. The data were collected via semi-structured interviews. Flow maps and content analysis were used in analysing the data. The results demonstrated that prospective teachers had too many misconceptions about protein synthesis and that their knowledge extent and rich connection are inadequate. The prospective teachers’ degree of understanding protein synthesis was divided into three categories. The results obtained in this research suggested that teachers should be careful in teaching the subject of protein synthesis. Students’ prior knowledge and their misconceptions should be determined and content or contexts to facilitate them to learn an abstract subject such as protein synthesis should be presented. Keywords: cognitive structure, degree of understanding, flow map, meaningful learning, protein synthesis


2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-37
Author(s):  
Syarifudin Syarifudin

Each religious sect has its own characteristics, whether fundamental, radical, or religious. One of them is Insan Al-Kamil Congregation, which is in Cijati, South Cikareo Village, Wado District, Sumedang Regency. This congregation is Sufism with the concept of self-purification as the subject of its teachings. So, the purpose of this study is to reveal how the origin of Insan Al-Kamil Congregation, the concept of its purification, and the procedures of achieving its purification. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method with a normative theological approach as the blade of analysis. In addition, the data generated is the result of observation, interviews, and document studies. From the collected data, Jamaah Insan Al-Kamil adheres to the core teachings of Islam and is the tenth regeneration of Islam Teachings, which refers to the Prophet Muhammad SAW. According to this congregation, self-perfection becomes an obligation that must be achieved by human beings in order to remember Allah when life is done. The process of self-purification is done when human beings still live in the world by knowing His God. Therefore, the peak of self-purification is called Insan Kamil. 


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