scholarly journals Transformando sofrimento em narrativa e narrativa em uma nova vida / Transforming Suffering into Storytelling and Storytelling into a New Life

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Piccardi
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Sex Reassignment Surgery ◽  
Sex Reassignment ◽  
Science Study ◽  
Internal Resources ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The One ◽  
The University

ABSTRACTThrough the analysis of narratives on sorrow and pain, this paper attempts to verify the extent to which speakers seem to find relief and internal resources to rebuild their lives within their own processes of narration. The proposed reflections derive from two correlated experiences: (i) observing speeches of parents belonging to a group that supports grieving parents. These speeches led to a favorable mourning development; and (ii) the fact that the researcher had the opportunity to act as a ghostwriter of an unusual story: the one involving a transsexual who decided to undergo sex reassignment surgery and write about the experience to transform her pain into narrative. In both cases, the narratives seem to have been critical to transform their lives. In both cases, the empathy of the interlocutor(s) was fundamental to promote what I freely call “curative effects”. The starting point is the perception that each speech act can be understood in its wealth only within the broader context of its production. This includes checking – for the case of the fragments presented – the appearance of discourses about illness, death, loss, sexuality, which permeate our culture and get materialized into the speeches of the interlocutors. It is understood that curative effects as well as identity empowerment cannot be explained solely through the narrativization of personal stories about sorrow and pain, but it is equally understood that one needs a widely-held comprehension about the language movement that is enabled in those specific situations as to evaluate how language can be optimized in similar processes where transforming pain into narrative can be a matter of survival. My conclusion makes a few considerations on how these narratives can be deemed speech acts with curative effects that can promote life and reconstruct identities and how they act independently within the enunciative process. Austin’s (1975) speech act theory is the main theoretical prospect adopted, in a combination with recent debates about identity and reflections over the relations involving language, literature, narrative, and health promoted by GENAM, the Narrative and Medical Science Study Group of the University of São Paulo, Brazil.RESUMOEste trabalho busca verificar, por meio da análise de narrativas sobre dor e sofrimento, em que medida os respectivos enunciadores parecem encontrar alívio e recursos internos para refazer suas vidas por meio do próprio processo de narrar. As reflexões propostas são desdobramento de duas experiências correlatas: (i) a observação das falas das mães/pais pertencentes a um grupo de apoio a pais enlutados; falas tais que promoveram um desenvolvimento favorável do luto; e (ii) o fato de esta pesquisadora ter tido a oportunidade de ser a ghostwriter de uma história incomum: a de um transexual que decidiu realizar a cirurgia para mudança de sexo e resolveu escrever sobre sua experiência de modo a transformar sua dor em narrativa. Nos dois casos as narrativas parecem ter sido decisivas para transformar vidas. Nos dois casos, a empatia do(s) interlocutor(es) foi fundamental para que se promovessem o que chamo livremente de efeitos curativos. Parte-se da compreensão de que cada ato de fala pode ser entendido em sua riqueza apenas se inserido no contexto mais amplo de sua produção, o que compreende verificar, no caso dos fragmentos apresentados, a emergência de discursos sobre doença, morte, perda, sexualidade, que atravessam nossa cultura e se materializam nas falas dos interlocutores. Entende-se que os efeitos curativos e o empoderamento identitário não podem ser explicados unicamente através da narrativização das histórias pessoais de dor e sofrimento, mas igualmente entende-se que é preciso compreender melhor o movimento de linguagem que é acionado nessas situações específicas, para que se avalie como se pode otimizar a linguagem em processos semelhantes, em que transformar uma dor em narrativa pode ser condição de sobrevivência. Concluo com algumas considerações a respeito do quanto tais narrativas podem ser consideradas atos de fala com efeitos curativos capazes de promover vida e reconstruir identidades e o quanto atuam independentemente no processo de enunciação. A principal perspectiva teórica adotada é a teoria dos atos de fala de Austin (1975), combinada com debates recentes sobre identidade, e reflexões sobre as relações entre linguagem, literatura, narrativa e saúde promovidas pelo GENAM.

scholarly journals Mandarin Language Students Illocutionary Acts in Japanese Language Learning at the University of Sumatera Utara

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
Taulia Taulia ◽  
Laraiba Nasution
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Japanese Language ◽  
Mandarin Language ◽  
Written Form ◽  
Recorded Data ◽  
Directive Speech Acts ◽  
The University ◽  
Department Faculty

Speech acts play an essential role in language learning as an aspect that can improve a learner's ability to speak orally. In this research, illocutionary speech-acts  were described in the Japanese language learning process for students of the Mandarin Language Department, Faculty of Cultural Sciences, University of Sumatera Utara. This research is qualitative. The data are speech acts in the lecture process in class, especially in the discussion. The data sources were 40 fourth-semester students of the Mandarin Language Department. The theory used was the Searle speech act theory. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation, recording , and note-taking techniques. Data analysis techniques were carried out applying Miles & Huberman's opinion by condensing data through transcription of recorded data into written form, identifying forms, speech act functions, data presentation, and concluding. As a result, there were forms of illocutionary speech acts, namely directive, expressive, and declarative. Furthermore, the purpose used in class was in directive speech acts which were to order, ask, invite (engage). In other words, in expressive speech-act was praising, and in declarative speech-act was prohibiting. In conclusion, Japanese speech acts in Japanese class occured between lecturers and students and only consisted of several types of speech acts due to students' limited mastery of Japanese.

scholarly journals The legality of Artificial sex change in Islamic perspective

rahatulquloob ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Dr. Muhammad Yaseen ◽  
Dr. Muhammad Shahid
Keyword(s):  
Medical Science ◽  
Sex Change ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sex Reassignment Surgery ◽  
Sex Reassignment ◽  
Corrective Surgery ◽  
Islamic Perspective ◽  
The People ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Religious Aspects

Humans and diseases are related to each other since the creation. With the passage of time, humans were able to overcome different diseases. But still, they could not find out the solution for those people who were born in wrong bodies. The progress of medical science ultimately enabled them to restore their originality through corrective surgery or sex reassignment surgery. But soon this was also misused like the other researches by opportunists. The people who were healthy and have developed sexual organs got their sex change artificially without knowing the religious aspects. This article will highlight the Islamic aspects of artificial sex change surgery.

scholarly journals Why Aquinas’s Metaphysics of Gender Is Fundamentally Correct: A Response to John Finley

2019 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-205
Author(s):  
William Newton
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Physical Development ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sex Reassignment Surgery ◽  
Sex Reassignment ◽  
Human Species ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Generative Power ◽  
The One ◽  
Better Than

In an important article, John Finley suggests a correction to Aquinas’s understanding of gender distinction. Disagreeing with Aquinas, Finley proposes that gender distinction (male and female) stems from the soul rather than from the body. In this essay, I will show that this is not a tenable position because it does not fit with either what we know about the physical development of sex differences or the unity of man and woman as a single human species. I will defend Aquinas’s fundamental insights into the root of gender distinction without defending his biological understanding of the process itself. I will argue that there is a single generic generative power in the soul that is determined by the matter to which the soul is united, to be expressed as either male or female. This paradigm, I believe, copes better than the one offered by Finley with phenomena such as intersexed persons and sex reassignment surgery. While I do not accept the idea of a feminine or masculine soul, the paradigm offered here does lead to the notion of the soul being feminized or masculinized on account of the matter that it informs.

Speech acts and conversational sequencing

1994 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Brassac
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Speech Act Theory ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Conversational Analysis ◽  
Conversational Interactions ◽  
The One

The question of the use of speech act theory in accounting for conversational sequencing is discussed from the point of view of the explanation of linguistic interaction. On the one hand, this question lies at the heart of the opposition between conversational analysis and discourse analysis. On the other, it dominates the discussion around a text by Searle called "Conversation". After summarizing what is at stake in the debate, I focus on the positions of two authors, Dascal and Van Rees, who favor the idea of a possible (and necessary) combination of illocutionary logic and the analysis of conversational interactions. My own position consists in taking into account the new elements that have recently enriched illocutionary logic (particularly the integration of perlocution through the notion of satisfaction conditions) within the framework of an essentially dialogical position. The proposed approach is in agreement with the theses of these two authors and complements them with elements that satisfy their demands.

scholarly journals Wykorzystanie techniki swobodnych tekstów C. Freineta dla wspomagania rozwoju mowy i myślenia w języku obcym u studentów neofilologii

2020 ◽  
pp. 315-324
Author(s):  
Zdzisław Aleksander
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Intellectual Development ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Language Teachers ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Verbal Expression ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The One ◽  
The University

In everyday practice, the university has a task of shaping the intellect and developing the mental culture of students. The creative and active character of a person's personality is manifested and shaped in the process of exteriorization and expression. Based on the concept of language and thinking, attention should be paid to the particular importance of verbal expression. The basis here is the hypothesis that thought is realized in a word. As we develop a language, we also increase opportunities for externalization and improvement of thought. The article emphasizes values of verbal expression and its role in the personal experience and assimilation of the world, in shaping creative attitudes. The author recommends linking creative work of neophilology students to the mastery of a foreign language with the formation of their intellect and humanistic attitudes. Such conditions enabling, on the one hand, the improvement and enrichment of language skills and, on the other hand, free expression of one's thoughts are created by learning based on the technique of free text developed by French educator C. Freinet. The article shows how the technique of free text can not only be an auxiliary element, but can become a starting point and crucial issue in the work on the practical mastery of a foreign language and intellectual development of students, as well as how to anchor the improvement of language skills in intelligence, dynamics and expression of future language teachers.

scholarly journals Literature as Conduct: On J. Hillis Miller’s Speech-act Theory and Its Application

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-112
Author(s):  
Rong Guo
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Speech Act Theory ◽  
Literary Studies ◽  
Paradigm Change ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Stanley Fish ◽  
Chinese Overseas ◽  
De Man ◽  
Wolfgang Iser

Since the publication of How to Do Things with Words in 1962, Austin and his speech-act theory caused a great disturbance in the arena of linguistics and literature, not only initiating the study of pragmatics but also triggering the paradigm change of literary studies in the 20th century. Stanley Fish, Wolfgang Iser, Derrida, de Man, J. Hillis Miller, and many other scholars in the 1970s showed great enthusiasm for theory. Yet, the theory’s limitations and applications are widely known. The publication of Speech Acts in Literature and Literature as Conduct by J. Hillis Miller seems to have given a kind of momentum to its development. Taking Miller’s initiatives as a starting point, this article analyzes a specific literary text, The Ninth Widow by a Chinese overseas writer Yan Geling, with an intention to illustrate that the application of the speech-act theory in the literary studies is indeed promising and productive.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Speech Acts Used by the Seventh-Grade Teacher of SMPN 2 Bangli in EFL Classroom Interaction

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Ni Made Ivana Swastiana ◽  
Adi. J. Putra I.N ◽  
Suarnajaya I.W
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Classroom Observation ◽  
Classroom Interaction ◽  
Instructional System ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
English Teacher ◽  
Seventh Grade ◽  
Grade Teacher ◽  
The One

Speech act is an action performed via utterances. This study investigated the types and functions of speech acts used by the seventh-grade English teacher at SMPN 2 Bangli by adopting Searle’s theory. The data were obtained through classroom observation and semi-structured interview. The data were analysed qualitatively by using Miles and Huberman’s interactive model. It was found out that there were five types of speech acts used by the teacher, namely representative, directive, expressive, commissive, and declaration in which directive (47.52%) was dominantly used by the teacher, while the declaration was the one which was less produced (0.71%). Among the functions of directive act, commanding appeared the most (44.40%), while naming and declaring were in the same amount in declaration type (50%). The teacher’s directive acts proved that she played her role to manage the classroom instructional system, to counsel the students and their learning, to instruct and to assess. However, the teacher, who also acted as the homeroom teacher and was in authority during the English lesson, performed the declaration act to change some situations in the classroom.

scholarly journals VIOLENCIA DE GÉNERO EN LAS UNIVERSIDADES: INVESTIGACIONES Y MEDIDAS PARA PREVENIRLA

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-219
Author(s):  
Rosa Larena ◽  
Silvia Molina Roldán
Keyword(s):  
Social Contexts ◽  
Gender Violence ◽  
The Other ◽  
International Level ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Spanish Universities ◽  
The One ◽  
The University

En este artículo recogemos los resultados de la investigación “Violencia de género en las universidades españolas”, la primera investigación que analiza la violencia de género en el contexto universitario en España. Las investigaciones sobre esta clase de violencia en el ámbito internacional muestran, por un lado, que es una realidad existente en la universidad, de la misma forma que lo es en otros ámbitos sociales. Por otro lado, el análisis de las actuaciones implementadas por universidades de prestigio muestra la existencia de diferentes medidas para prevenirla y superarla. Estas evidencias, contrastadas con las percepciones de diferentes colectivos de la comunidad universitaria sobre la aplicabilidad de estas medidas en las universidades españolas, son el punto de partida para iniciar el desarrollo de medidas que erradiquen la violencia de género en nuestras universidades. In this article we present the findings from the research “Gender violence in Spanish universities”, the first study that analyses gender violence in the university context in Spain. Studies on gender violence at the international level show, on the one hand, that gender violence is a reality that exists in universities, in the same way that it exists in other social contexts. On the other hand, the analysis of the actions implemented in prestigious universities shows the existence of measures to prevent and overcome it. Contrasting these evidences with the perceptions of different university collectives about the applicability of these measures in Spanish universities is the starting point to develop measures to eradicate gender violence in our universities.

Searle, John (1932–)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernie Lepore
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Action Theory ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Speech Act Theory ◽  
University Of California ◽  
John Searle ◽  
Intentional States ◽  
Comprehensive Theory ◽  
The University

John Searle was a pupil of J.L. Austin at Oxford in the 1950s. He is the Mills Professor of Mind and Language at the University of California, Berkeley, where he has taught philosophy since 1959. According to Searle, the primary objects of analysis in the philosophy of language are not expressions but the production of expressions, speech acts, in accordance with rules. Learning a language involves (often unconsciously) internalizing rules that govern the performance of speech acts in that language. Speech-act theory aims to discover these rules and is itself a part of action theory, which concerns intentional states directed at or about something. It follows that speech-act theory is part of a more comprehensive theory of intentionality.

Assertion

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guiming Yang ◽  
Sanford C. Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Great Length ◽  
Lottery Ticket ◽  
Constitutive Rule ◽  
Explicit Content ◽  
The Common ◽  
The One

In the past two to three decades, most of the philosophical attention that has been paid to the speech act of assertion aims to characterize the nature of the act. A first question that is pursued concerns where the speech act of assertion fits within the domain of assertives (the category speech acts in which a proposition is presented-as-true). Simply put, assertions are those assertive speech acts in which the speaker advances a claim. But what is it to perform this sort of speech act? What is the nature of the act? Philosophers have proposed six main answers. These include the attitude view (which characterizes the nature of the act in terms of its role in expressing belief), the grammatical view (on which assertion is picked out by the vehicles used to make acts of this kind, namely, declarative sentences), the common ground view (where assertion is understood in terms of its essential effect on a conversation’s common ground), the commitment view (where assertion is characterized in terms of the kind of commitment that is engendered or reconfirmed by the performance of acts of this type), the constitutive rule view (according to which assertions are individuated by the distinctive rule that governs acts of this type) and the no-assertion view (which holds that there is no unique, interesting speech act type picked out by ‘assertion’). Of these six views, the one that has received the most attention (both critical and supportive) is the constitutive rule view. Such a view has been developed (and criticized) at great length. A leading version of the constitutive rule view is the view that the rule in question requires that one assert only what one knows. The main considerations offered in defense of this version of the view include its role in explaining various features of our assertoric practice, including the paradoxicality of assertions of sentences of the form ‘p, but I do not know that p’, its role in explaining why propositions expressed with, for example, ‘My lottery ticket lost’ are not properly assertable on merely probabilistic grounds (even when the odds of one’s winning are arbitrarily small) and its role in explaining why ‘How do you know?’ is a proper response to an assertion (even when the assertion’s explicit content has nothing to do with the speaker’s knowledge). However, many authors have responded to these arguments for the knowledge rule, finding them unconvincing. Interestingly, a great amount of attention has also been devoted to forging connections between the speech act of assertion and a variety of other topics of philosophical interest. These include topics in philosophy of language (pragmatics, semantics), epistemology (the epistemology of testimony, the epistemology of disagreement, the nature of epistemic authority, the division of epistemic labor), metaphysics (the nature of future contingents, modality), ethics (the ethics of assertion; what we owe to each other as information-sharing creatures) and social and political philosophy (various forms of epistemic injustice, silencing).

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