scholarly journals Semantic Potential of Tactile Metaphors (Based on Words Naming the Property of Softness)

2021 ◽  
pp. 64-74
Author(s):  
Nadezhda A. Iliukhina ◽  
◽  
Ol’ga V. Chausova
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Aspect ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Interpersonal Interaction ◽  
Tactile Sensation ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Original Meaning ◽  
The World ◽  
Sensory Impression ◽  
Multimodal Perception

This article describes the results of the study on the psychophysiological phenomenon of synaesthesia projected onto language and speech. Synaesthesia is considered on the basis of words with the root myagk- (myagky, myagko, myagkost’, smyagchit’), which in their original meaning name the tactile sensation of softness. The paper aimed to identify the potential of this vocabulary and the sensory impression behind it as a means of conceptualizing knowledge about the world as well as to study the mechanism for the development of metaphorical, primarily synaesthetic, semantics. It is important to assess the sequence of expression of synaesthetic semantics and meanings that go beyond synaesthetic meanings, as well as to study whether vocabulary with the original semantics of softness can figuratively conceptualize knowledge. The research revealed a universal ability of this kind of vocabulary to conceptualize all types of sensory impressions (visual, auditory, olfactory and gustatory) when used metaphorically. In addition to conveying a multimodal perception of the world, these words can express new sensory sensations, unusual for the speaker, for which there are no special names in the language. Along with the synaesthetic semantics itself, vocabulary with the meaning of softness is able to reflect the psychological impressions of comfort, pleasure and enjoyment, as well as the psychological characteristics of a person and the psychological aspect of interpersonal interaction, including speech. The next stage of abstraction of the tactile impression is the development on its basis of quantitative semantics, i.e. the meaning of low intensity of the manifestation of an attribute or an action in their psychological perception. The results obtained can be used to identify the mechanism for conceptualizing sensory impressions and forming synaesthetic metaphors, as well as applied in the practice of lexicographic description of cognitive metaphors.

Quantification of Displacement for Tactile Sensation in a Contact-type Low Intensity Focused Ultrasound Haptic Device

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jeongbong Choi ◽  
Soonhyun Yook ◽  
In Young Kim ◽  
Mok Kun Jeong ◽  
Dong Pyo Jang
Keyword(s):  
Focused Ultrasound ◽  
Haptic Device ◽  
Tactile Sensation ◽  
Contact Type ◽  
Low Intensity

scholarly journals Could coronavirus 2019-infected disease patients get cope with the treatment?: A qualitative study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 880
Author(s):  
Fery AM Mendrofa ◽  
Umi Hani ◽  
Yuni Nurhidayat
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Cross Infection ◽  
Psychological Aspect ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Depth Interviews

A pandemic of a novel coronavirus-infected disease is currently ongoing in the world. Most patients have to be isolated due to the treatments. This study aimed to make sense of how patients with coronavirus-infected disease understand and experience infectious isolation. The research used a qualitative design with a phenomenological approach. Data collection was conducted with in-depth interviews of nine patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) confirmed who had been in the isolation room. The analysis was conducted on interview transcripts by organizing keywords found into categories, sub-themes, and themes based on Colaizzi's approach. The results indicated that the participants experienced fright due to the isolation and attempted to integrate their isolation experiences. Isolation highlighted a sense of threat posed by cross-infection, a threat that participants experienced as originating from others and from themselves to others. Participants described feeling changes experienced after several days of treatment. Participants reported various symptoms of the disease and received careful care while in isolation. They still communicate with family. Isolated patients are able to deal with the treatment by improving their coping strategies. Participants reported the most support from their families, even from a distance. Future research could explore experiences of isolation from family and staff perspectives and identify the psychological aspect in caring for the COVID-19 patients.

The Masks of Sloth

2021 ◽  
pp. 120-157
Author(s):  
Hud Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Interpersonal Interaction ◽  
Emotional Experiences ◽  
The World ◽  
Philosophical Texts

One peculiarity of the theses defended in the foregoing chapters is that they diagnose a condition which predicts that the diagnosis will be resisted by those it accurately describes. Literature provides artistic illustrations as accompaniments to philosophical texts which can capture one’s attention in ways academic prose might not. In particular, literature can elicit many of the same emotional experiences that arise in everyday life and can mimic the chaotic and multi-dimensional reality of interpersonal interaction. Consequently, the reader can be deeply engaged by way of imaginative immersion into a richly nuanced narrative, subjective reactions to which provide brand new experiential data with which to theorize. This chapter offers a literary tour of the different masks of sloth in the hopes of rendering the reader receptive to the diagnosis of the preceding three chapters, which, thus illustrated, may seem less foreign than it might otherwise appear. As a result, sloth will be seen to be a misfortune with many faces. Under its onerous influence, one can race from boredom into mindless diversions, or convince oneself that the world is at bottom absurd, or languish in melancholy, or give oneself over to evil, or abdicate one’s agency and be ruled by chance, or play the aesthete and frantically pursue the diminishing pleasures of sensual novelty, or attempt to explain one’s misfortune by appeal to some invented offensive or indifferent feature of God’s, or despair over a perceived spiritual deformity in oneself rooted in guilt or shame.

scholarly journals The potential of low-intensity and online interventions for depression in low- and middle-income countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. H. Bockting ◽  
A. D. Williams ◽  
K. Carswell ◽  
A. E. Grech
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
Online Interventions ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Gap ◽  
Low And Middle Income

The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are confronted with a serious ‘mental health gap’, indicating an enormous disparity between the number of individuals in need of mental health care and the availability of professionals to provide such care (WHO in 2010). Traditional forms of mental health services (i.e. face-to-face, individualised assessments and interventions) are therefore not feasible. We propose three strategies for addressing this mental health gap: delivery of evidence-based, low-intensity interventions by non-specialists, the use of transdiagnostic treatment protocols, and strategic deployment of technology to facilitate access and uptake. We urge researchers from all over the world to conduct feasibility studies and randomised controlled studies on the effect of low-intensity interventions and technology supported (e.g. online) interventions in LMICs, preferably using an active control condition as comparison, to ensure we disseminate effective treatments in LMICs.

scholarly journals Treatment of massive trauma due to war

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 321-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daya Somasundaram
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Third World ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Central Element ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
The Social ◽  
Psychological Warfare ◽  
The World ◽  
Therapeutic Considerations

Treatment of trauma has been already covered in this journal (Adshead, 1995) and elsewhere (Davidson, 1992; Kleber & Brom, 1992; Wilson & Raphael, 1993). However, there are situations where the trauma can become extensive and chronic, sometimes called Type II trauma (Terr, 1991), necessitating additional therapeutic considerations. Such situations are not uncommon in the world today, frequently occurring during wars that are typically ‘low-intensity’ conflicts involving poor, Third World countries. It has been estimated that there have been over 150 such wars since 1945, in which 90% of all casualties are civilians. According to Summerfield (1996), what predominates is the use of terror to exert social control, if necessary by disrupting the social, economic and cultural structures. The target is often population rather than territory and psychological warfare is the central element. Atrocities, including civilian massacres, reprisals, bombing, shelling, mass displacements, disappearances and torture are the norm. The consequences for mental health, not to mention the social, economic, cultural and other costs, can be substantial.

scholarly journals Introduction to the Special Issue on Individual Differences in Multisensory Perception: an Overview

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 461-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare Jonas ◽  
Mary Jane Spiller ◽  
Paul B. Hibbard ◽  
Michael Proulx
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Great Depth ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Sensory Loss ◽  
Multisensory Perception ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
British Psychological Society ◽  
The World ◽  
New Research

The world is full of objects that can be perceived through multiple different senses to create an integrated understanding of our environment. Since each of us has different biological and psychological characteristics, different people may perceive the world in quite different ways. However, the questions of how and why our multisensory perceptions differ have not been explored in any great depth. This special issue, arising from a series of British Psychological Society-funded seminars, presents new research and opinions on the impacts of a variety of individual differences on multisensory perception. We hope that readers will enjoy this collection of eight papers on individual differences in multisensory perception arising from developmental changes, autism, Down syndrome, migraine, sensory loss and substitution, and personality.

Criminal law aspects of countering extremism in the virtual space

2020 ◽  
pp. 141-150
Author(s):  
Andrey Paramonov ◽  
Vadim Kharin
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Virtual Space ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
World Community ◽  
The World ◽  
Information And Communication

The relevance of the study is confirmed by the fact that extremism is one of the most dangerous phenomena in the security of the world community, which pose a threat to the whole society both with committed crimes and the destruction of generally recognized rules of morality, law and human values. We point out that in modern conditions the dissemination of extremist ideas is actively promoted by information and communication technologies, especially the Internet. It is emphasized that extremists have the opportunity not only to demonstrate their materials to a multimillion audience, but also to enter into discussions and uphold their ideas and views. The Internet is very promising for extremists. This study considers the benefits that the Internet provides in disseminating extremist information. We believe that the problem of the spread of extremist information on the Internet is especially perceptible to young people. Due to personal and psychological characteristics, this social group is very vulnerable, as they are easily imposed on the ideas and views of extremists. In the context of the active spread of extremism on the Internet, the regulatory framework for combating these crimes is extensively presented. We indicate some problems with the practical implementation of countering extremism on the Internet.

scholarly journals “Congenial people”, “dissonant people” and “image of the word” of a mature person

2020 ◽  
pp. 54-68
Author(s):  
Valeriya Alperovich
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Communication Partners ◽  
Positive Assessment ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Mature Person

This research is dedicated to the problem of correlation between perception of other people by a subject and phenomenon of the “image of the world”. This topic is relevant for scholars of humanities in different countries in conditions of aggravation of various macrosocial conflicts. A theoretical study is conducted on correlations between the phenomena of “image of the world”, “worldview”, “model of the world”,  and approaches of the Russian psychology towards them. The author explores the results of empirical study of the “image of the world”, reflected in drawings, through the prism of metaphorical representations of a mature person on “congenial people” and “dissonant people”. The goal consists on carrying out a comparative analysis of peculiarities of the “image of the world” among persons differing in metaphorical representations on “congenial people” and “dissonant people”. The subject of this research is the metaphors of "congenial person” and “dissonant person”, the basic principles of a person and types of the “image of the world” depicted in drawings and verbal characteristics. The scientific novelty lies in the development of additional parameters for the analysis of the “image of the world” of a person, reflected in drawings. This article is first to determine correlations between different types of metaphors of “congenial person” and “dissonant person” as communication partners, and parameters of the “image of the world” of a person depicted in drawings. The conclusion is made that attribution of positive metaphorical socio-psychological characteristics to “congenial people” and “dissonant people” is associated with positive assessment of the objects of surrounding world. Stereotypization of images of other people as communication partners correlates with such of the “image of the world” in consciousness of a subject. The research results indicate that perceptions of “congenial people” and “dissonant people” by the subject affect their “image of the world”. The presented materials can be used in socio-psychological counseling for elaboration of the programs of correcting the system of relations of the subject to themselves and other people.

Suicidal Behavior as Communication in a Cultural Context

Crisis ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Hjelmeland ◽  
Birthe Loa Knizek ◽  
Eugene Kinyanda ◽  
Seggane Musisi ◽  
Hilmar Nordvik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
The West ◽  
Empirically Supported ◽  
The World ◽  
African Context ◽  
Communicative Act ◽  
Point Of Departure

In this study, we attempt to even out some of the imbalance in suicide research caused by the fact that most such research has been conducted in the Western part of the world with the corresponding common disregard of the potential problems in generalizing findings to different cultural settings. Our point of departure was to look at suicidal behavior as communication and our main purpose was to investigate whether Qvortrup’s semiotic four-factor model, which has been empirically supported in the West, would be applicable in an African context, exemplified by Uganda. Interviews of patients admitted to hospital following an act of nonfatal suicidal behavior were conducted in Uganda and Norway and the data were compared. The results showed that the four-factor structure found in the West was not applicable in the Ugandan context, but that two by two of these factors were collapsed into a two-factor model in Uganda: One factor regarding the external dialog and one factor regarding the internal dialog. Some differences and some similarities were found between Norway and Uganda when suicidal behavior was considered as a communicative act. The results are discussed in terms of the differences in the psychological characteristics of the suicidal persons in the two countries, as well as the different cultural settings of the study.

Predicting Psychological Characteristics by Smartphone Usage Behaviors

2015 ◽  
pp. 424-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusong Gao ◽  
Minglong Lei ◽  
Tingshao Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Health State ◽  
The World

In recent years, smartphones become rapidly popular across the world. Meanwhile, since mental health problems became more serious, psychological characteristics including personalities and mental health state draw more researchers' attention. Generally, self-report and interview are two mostly used techniques for assessing people's mental state or personality traits. In this chapter, we overviewed some researches that focused on accessing psychological characteristics by smartphone usage behaviors. Firstly, we discussed some previous researches analyzing smartphone usage behaviors and psychological characteristics, and further discussed typical research work predicting psychological characteristics based on smartphone usage behaviors. In these literatures, results indicated that most dimensions of users' mental state and personality traits could be identified from their smartphone usage fairly well.

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