scholarly journals Taxonomic composition and condition of tree plantations of roadside strips in Kyiv

2021 ◽  
pp. 63-74
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Horielov ◽  
Oleksii Horielov ◽  
Ylija Krugliak ◽  
Igor Krasnoshtan ◽  
Valeriy Mykolaiko
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Traffic Flow ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Living Condition ◽  
Tree Plantations ◽  
Traffic Intensity ◽  
Care Technology ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

Aim. The analysis of the taxonomic composition and living condition of tree plantations of roadside strips in Kyiv. Methods. Determination of the species composition and viability of trees and shrubs was carried out by route survey on test areas along the routes with different traffic intensity. The plants living condition was established according to the methodology developed by us, which provides an integrated vitality assessment based on a set of morphometric, reproductive and phenological features. Results. It is established that in the conditions of traffic flow of high intensity 23, of moderate 27 and of low 29 species of trees and bushes were found on the test areas. The tree plants of most common genera and species of roadside plantations are identified. The plants living condition analysis showed, that in the conditions of traffic flow of high intensity, plants of moderate and low vitality predominate; while in the conditions of moderate and low traffic intensity, the predominant numbers of plants have high vitality. Conclusions. Analysis of the range of roadside plantations indicates its limited and almost complete absence of conifers. The species composition is not optimal and is not always determined by the degree of resistance to transport pollution specific conditions. The woody plants vitality is largely determined by the traffic intensity and compliance with care technology.

scholarly journals The role of salinity as an environmental filtering factor in the determination of the Diptera taxonomic composition in the Crimean waters

2019 ◽  
pp. 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nickolai V. Shadrin ◽  
Victor P. Belyakov ◽  
Alexandra I. Bazhora ◽  
Elena V. Anufriieva
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Environmental Filtering ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Chironomid Species

Salinity is one of the most important factors in aquatic ecosystems, but its filtering role in the Diptera community species composition is still poorly studied. This issue was studied in the diverse Crimean water bodies. A total of 425 samples were collected from freshwater to hypersaline waters. In 73% of the 425 samples examined, representatives of Diptera were found; their larvae and pupae belonged to seven families. Сhironomid species composition was analyzed in 47 samples. The most common were Chironomidae, which were in 94% of samples with Diptera, Ceratopoganidae were in 8% of samples, Ephydridae were in 5% of samples, Simuliidae were in 4% of samples, Culicidae and Chaoboridae were in 4% of samples, and Syrphidae was in only one sample. A total of 14 Chironomidae genera and 21 species and forms were found; 9 of them are new for Crimea. Reduction of the dominance variants in the community, as well as the number of chironomid species, with increasing salinity may indicate an increase in the filtering role of salinity in the Diptera community species composition that is still poorly studied.

scholarly journals Analysis of saturation flow on isolated lanes of controlled intersections with significant traffic intensity

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Igor Murovanyi ◽  
◽  
Pavlo Mazyliuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Traffic Intensity ◽  
Traffic Flows ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Traffic Composition ◽  
Saturation Flow ◽  
Stop Line

The methods and results of the investigation of intervals between vehicles during queue dissipation before controlled intersections with the further determination of saturation flow are reviewed in this paper. Having reviewed existing methods of determining the saturation in traffic flows, those are determined which provide the most certain results in conditions of intensive movement and take into account quite a large number of impact factors. Such methods are based on experimental measurement of intervals between vehicles during their passage through the stop-line in different directions of the controlled intersection. For the completeness of the analysis of such intervals, such factors are considered additionally as traffic composition and use of lanes by directions. Objects of the research are controlled intersections on approaches to which the slope is absent, there is no pedestrian and cyclist movement during the performance of turn, and conflicting traffic flows and also public transport stops in the zone of the intersection. The transitional research result is the determination of the number of vehicles that pass the stop-line during the permissive signal and time intervals between them, and the final result is the oncoming of saturation period on the lanes of straight and turns movement depending on traffic flow composition.

Ecological plasticity of nut crops of the collections of the federal scientific center for agroecology RAS

2019 ◽  
pp. 105-115
Author(s):  
А.Ш. Хужахметова
Keyword(s):  
Corylus Avellana ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Ecological Plasticity ◽  
Protective Forest ◽  
Corylus Avellana L ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

Показана актуальность изучения экологической пластичности древесных растений в связи с необходимостью подбора адаптированного видового состава деревьев и кустарников для защитных лесных насаждений в условиях климатических изменений. Установлено, что экологическая пластичность и пределы толерантности растений связаны со свойством организмов адаптироваться к тому или иному диапазону факторов среды. В статье представлен таксономический состав орехоплодных культур коллекций ФНЦ агроэкологии РАН. Это шесть видов рода Juglans: J. regia, J. mandshurica, J. cinerea, J. rupestris, J. ailanthifolia, J. nigra и три вида рода Corylus: С. avellana L., С. аmericana W., сорта С. pontica C. Koch Президент, Футкурами, Черкесский2. Приведены сведения о положительном опыте культивирования Corylus avellana L. в плантационных насаждениях (1,6 га, посадка рядовая, схема размещения 55 м) в условиях южных черноземов. Цель исследований изучить экологическую пластичность орехоплодных кустарников коллекций ФНЦ агроэкологии РАН. На примере родового комплекса Corylus получены материалы по экологической пластичности орехоплодных кустарников в условиях каштановых (кадастр. 34:36:0000:14:0178), светлокаштановых почв (34:34:000000:122 34:34:060061:10). Установлены уровни изменчивости морфологических признаков ассимиляционного аппарата и плодов С. avellana L., сортов С. pontica C. Koch., которые согласуются с зимо и засухоустойчивостью. Кластерный анализ позволил выявить корреляцию признаков при 5 уровне значимости. Для целей защитного лесоразведения и озеленения засушливых районов рекомендованы Corylus avellana и Черкесский2 с выраженной вариабельностью морфологических признаков, которая указывает на их широкую экологическую валентность и адаптационные возможности в рассматриваемых условиях. The urgency of studying the ecological plasticity of woody plants in connection with the need to select an adapted species composition of trees and shrubs for protective forest plantations in the context of climate change is shown. It is established that the ecological plasticity and tolerance range of plants is associated with the ability of organisms to adapt to a particular range of environmental factors. The article presents the taxonomic composition of nut crops in the collections of FSC Agroecology RAS. Six species of Juglans: J. regia, J. mandshurica, J. cinerea, J. rupestris, J. ailanthifolia, J. nigra and three species of the genus Corylus: С. avellana L., С. аmericana W., varieties of C. pontica C. Koch the President, Futkurami, Circassian2. Data on positive experience of cultivation of Corylus avellana L. in plantation plantings (1,6 hectares, landing ordinary, the scheme of placement of 55 m) in the conditions of southern chernozems are given. The purpose of the research is to study the ecological plasticity of nutbearing shrubs of the collections of the Federal scientific center for Agroecology Russian Academy of Sciences. For example, a generic complex Corylus submissions received on the environmental plasticity of nut bushes in the conditions of brown (the cadaster nubmer 34:36:0000:14:0178), light chestnut soils (34:34:000000:122 34:34:060061:10). The levels of variability of morphological features of the assimilation apparatus and fruits of Corylus avellana L., С. pontica C. Koch varieties were established., which are consistent with winter and drought resistance. Cluster analysis revealed the correlation of features at 5 significance level. Corylus avellana and Circassian2 with a pronounced variability of morphological features, which indicates their broad ecological valence and adaptation capabilities in the conditions under consideration, are recommended for the purposes of protective afforestation and greening of dry areas.

Sampling, Preservation and Counting of Samples II: Zooplankton

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter H. Wiebe ◽  
Ann Bucklin ◽  
Mark Benfield
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Sample Analysis ◽  
Sample Preservation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Plankton Collection

This chapter reviews traditional and new zooplankton sampling techniques, sample preservation, and sample analysis, and provides the sources where in-depth discussion of these topics is addressed. The net systems that have been developed over the past 100+ years, many of which are still in use today, can be categorized into eight groups: non-opening/closing nets, simple opening/closing nets, high-speed samplers, neuston samplers, planktobenthos plankton nets, closing cod-end samplers, multiple net systems, and moored plankton collection systems. Methods of sample preservation include preservation for sample enumeration and taxonomic morphological analysis, and preservation of samples for genetic analysis. Methods of analysis of zooplankton samples include determination of biomass, taxonomic composition, and size by traditional methods; and genetic analysis of zooplankton samples.

scholarly journals On the robustness of inference of association with the gut microbiota in stool, rectal swab and mucosal tissue samples

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Sun ◽  
Xiangzhu Zhu ◽  
Xiang Huang ◽  
Harvey J. Murff ◽  
Reid M. Ness ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Rectal Swab ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Mucosal Tissue ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Metagenome Sequencing ◽  
Functional Profiles

AbstractThe gut microbiota plays an important role in human health and disease. Stool, rectal swab and rectal mucosal tissue samples have been used in individual studies to survey the microbial community but the consequences of using these different sample types are not completely understood. In this study, we report differences in stool, rectal swab and rectal mucosal tissue microbial communities with shotgun metagenome sequencing of 1397 stool, swab and mucosal tissue samples from 240 participants. The taxonomic composition of stool and swab samples was distinct, but less different to each other than mucosal tissue samples. Functional profile differences between stool and swab samples are smaller, but mucosal tissue samples remained distinct from the other two types. When the taxonomic and functional profiles were used for inference in association with host phenotypes of age, sex, body mass index (BMI), antibiotics or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) use, hypothesis testing using either stool or rectal swab gave broadly significantly correlated results, but inference performed on mucosal tissue samples gave results that were generally less consistent with either stool or swab. Our study represents an important resource for determination of how inference can change for taxa and pathways depending on the choice of where to sample within the human gut.

scholarly journals Diversity of Algae and Cyanobacteria and Bioindication Characteristics of the Alpine Lake Nesamovyte (Eastern Carpathians, Ukraine) from 100 Years Ago to the Present

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 256
Author(s):  
Petro M. Tsarenko ◽  
Olena P. Bilous ◽  
Olha M. Kryvosheia-Zakharova ◽  
Halyna H. Lilitska ◽  
Sophia Barinova
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Alpine Lake ◽  
Algal Flora ◽  
Ecological Analysis ◽  
Modern Species ◽  
Eastern Carpathians ◽  
Infraspecific Taxa

The species diversity and changes in the structural dynamics of the algal flora from the alpine lake Nesamovyte has been studied for 100 years. During the period of investigations, 234 species (245 infraspecific taxa) were revealed to cover more than 70% of the modern species composition of the studied lake. The modern biodiversity of algae is characterized by an increase in the number of widespread forms, a change from the baseline “montane” complex in comparison to the beginning of the 20th century. Nevertheless, the Nesamovyte Lake still has a unique algae composition that is typical for high-mountainous European lakes. The presence of a different complex of conventionally arctic species of algae, in particular, diatoms is discussed. Structural changes in the taxonomic composition of the algal flora of the lake as well as in the complex of the leading genera, species and their diversity are revealed. An ecological analysis of the algal species composition of the lake showed vulnerability and degradation to the ecosystem of the lake. On this basis, the issue regarding the question of protection and preservation of the algae significance and uniqueness of the flora of algae in the Nesamovyte Lake are discussed.

DETERMINATION OF FUNGI RESISTANCE OF SEVERAL SAMPLES OF NATURAL LEATHER IN CONDITIONS OF ARMENIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (2 (255)) ◽  
pp. 172-180
Author(s):  
Iren V. Shahazizyan ◽  
Inessa M. Eloyan ◽  
Ruzanna E. Matevosyan ◽  
Siranoush G. Nanagyulyan
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Spore Suspension ◽  
Fungal Resistance ◽  
Microscopic Fungi ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Mold Resistance

In this work we studied the effect of microscopic soil fungi on some lather samples. The species composition of micromycetes inhabiting the samples under study was revealed, and an assessment of the fungal resistance of the materials under study was given. In the process of work, species of microscopic soil fungi were isolated and identified from the soil. In order to determine the degree of resistance to fungi for the infection of samples, a water-spore suspension was obtained. The leather materials were partially destroyed by microscopic fungi, and mold resistance ranged from 2 to 3 on a 5-point scale.

scholarly journals Acarocomplex of grape plantations of the South of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Yu. Klechkovskyi ◽  
K. Shmatkovska
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Spider Mites ◽  
Trophic Groups ◽  
Maximum Phase ◽  
Trophic Links ◽  
Grape Varieties ◽  
Southern Ukraine ◽  
Intensive Growth

Goal. To determine the species composition, dominant species, and territorial distribution of predatory and herbivorous ticks (phytophages) in the vineyards of southern Ukraine. Methods. Field — route surveys of vineyards to study the fauna, trophic links and colonization of vineyards with ticks. Laboratory — determination of the species composition of representatives of the acarofauna of vineyards. Results. During the study period, 17 species of ticks belonging to different trophic groups were identified, among which ticks dominate — phytophages of the Tetranychidae and Eriophyidae families. The most common among them were mites — phytophages, namely spider mites (Shhizotetranychus Oud., Tetranychus turkestanicus Ug.et Nich). Pests during the growing season go through four phases: prodromal, eruptive, gradation maximum and crisis. The graduation maximum phase, which is characterized by their greatest number, was noted during the period of intensive growth of berries and falls at the end of June — beginning of August (BBCH 71—79). The dynamics of the number of ticks by varieties is shown. The varieties most susceptible to spider mites were identified, the period of technical ripeness of which is medium, late or very late. Conclusions. Identified 17 species of ticks belonging to different trophic groups: phytophages, acariphages and mycophages. Based on observations of changes in the number of pests on vineyards during the growing season, four phases are distinguished. The graduation maximum phase occurs at the end of June — beginning of August (VVSN 71—79). It was established that all the studied grape varieties were populated by mites to varying degrees, the most susceptible were varieties of medium and late ripening.

scholarly journals Artificial Perches for Birds in Deforested Areas Favour a Seed Rain Similar to Woodland Remnants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda Yamile Guidetti ◽  
Sebastian Dardanelli ◽  
Fátima María Lourdes Miño ◽  
Guillermo César Amico
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Ecological Restoration ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Seed Rain ◽  
Ecosystem Resilience ◽  
Behavioral Differences ◽  
Plant Seeds ◽  
Recovery Mechanisms ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

Abstract The lack of seeds represents one of the highest difficulties to overcome for the ecological restoration of areas that have been deforested. This study evaluates the effectiveness of artificial perches in increasing the abundance and species richness of bird-dispersed seeds and the similitude of seed rain composition (origin and habit of plant seeds), of deforested areas with and without artificial perches in relation to woodland remnants that serve as seeds source. The experiment took place in two sites of the Espinal ecoregion, Argentina. We found that in deforested areas, perches increased seed abundance and species richness in the seed rain in comparison with deforested areas without artificial perches. The species composition under artificial perches was similar to the seed rain dispersed in the woodland. However, a decrease in the richness of native species was significant in the deforested area, probably due to behavioral differences between opportunistic and obligate frugivorous. Seed of trees and shrubs species were well represented in the seed rain under artificial perches. Results from this study contribute to the understanding of nucleation and recovery mechanisms used by nature that reflect ecosystem resilience. We recommend using artificial perches in deforested areas with potential for recovery because it is an efficient technique to promote the entry of birds and increase seed rain, preserving features of the original environment. However, using artificial perches should be avoided in sites with potentially invasive non-native species.

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