Studies on the Impact of Vehicular Exhaust Pipe Emissions (from Vehicles Using Petrol and Diesel) on Leaf, Shoot and Root Biomass of Jamun

We studied the growth responses of boreal Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) and silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) seedlings to simulated climate warming of an average of 1.3 °C over the growing season in a controlled field experiment in central Finland. We had six replicate plots for elevated and ambient temperature for each tree species. The warming treatment lasted for the conifers for three growing seasons and for the birch two growing seasons. We measured the height and diameter growth of all the seedlings weekly during the growing season. The shoot and root biomass and their ratios were measured annually in one-third of seedlings harvested from each plot in autumn. After two growing seasons, the height, diameter and shoot biomass were 45%, 19% and 41% larger in silver birch seedlings under the warming treatment, but the root biomass was clearly less affected. After three growing seasons, the height, diameter, shoot and root biomass were under a warming treatment 39, 47, 189 and 113% greater in Scots pine, but the root:shoot ratio 29% lower, respectively. The corresponding responses of Norway spruce to warming were clearly smaller (e.g., shoot biomass 46% higher under a warming treatment). As a comparison, the relative response of height growth in silver birch was after two growing seasons equal to that measured in Scots pine after three growing seasons. Based on our findings, especially silver birch seedlings, but also Scots pine seedlings benefitted from warming, which should be taken into account in forest regeneration in the future.

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Effect of biofertilizer obtained by anaerobic digestion of cassava effluent on the development of crambe plants

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v21n10p681-685 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 21 (10) ◽

pp. 681-685 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Andressa C. Neves ◽

Camila N. Bergamini ◽

Rafaela de O. Leonardo ◽

Manoel P. Gonçalves ◽

Dilcemara C. Zenatti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Anaerobic Digestion ◽

Plant Development ◽

Root Biomass ◽

Oil Content ◽

Final Height ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Shoot And Root Biomass ◽

Number Of Branches

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the effect of applying increasing doses of biofertilizer obtained by the anaerobic digestion of cassava effluent on the development of crambe plants. The experiment was conducted in a protected environment at the Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Palotina Sector, between April and August 2015. A completely randomized design was used, and five different treatments with the following doses were applied in five replicates: 0, 40, 80, 120, and 160 kg ha-1 of K2O. The following parameters related to plant development were evaluated: final height, stem diameter, number of branches, dry shoot and root biomass, mass of the grains, and oil content. The 160 kg K2O ha-1 dose was found to have the best influence on the plant development, because all the measured parameters reached their highest values at this dose, except for oil content, which attained the highest percentage in the case of the control treatment (0 kg ha-1 of K2O). This study proved that the biofertilizer obtained by anaerobic digestion of cassava effluent can be used as an alternative to regular fertilizers in cultivating crambe.

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Selenium supply affects chlorophyll concentration and biomass production of maize (Zea mays L.)

Die Bodenkultur Journal of Land Management Food and Environment ◽

10.2478/boku-2018-0021 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 69 (4) ◽

pp. 249-255

Author(s):

Aliu Sali ◽

Dukagjin Zeka ◽

Shukri Fetahu ◽

Imer Rusinovci ◽

Hans-Peter Kaul

Keyword(s):

Biomass Production ◽

Root Biomass ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Chlorophyll Concentration ◽

Total Chlorophyll ◽

Chl A ◽

Maize Population ◽

Maize Genotypes ◽

Positive Effect ◽

Shoot And Root Biomass

Summary The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of selenium (Se) on the biomass production and the contents of photosynthetically active pigments. The pot experiment included two maize genotypes: hybrid 408BC originating from Croatia and a local maize population from Kosovo. The doses of Se applied were 0, 1.30, 6.57, 13, and 26 mg kg−1. The lowest Se dose (1.30 mg Se kg−1) had a positive effect on shoot and root biomass production as well as on the contents of chlorophyll b (Chl-b), total chlorophyll, and carotenoids (just for the hybrid). Chlorophyll a (Chl-a) was reduced with increasing Se doses, whereas chlorophyll b (Chl-b) and total chlorophyll further increased with medium Se doses. The highest Se dose strongly reduced biomass and the contents of photosynthetically active pigments. Chl-a and carotenoids positively correlated with shoot (for both genotypes) and root (for the hybrid) biomass, whereas no correlation was observed between Chl-b and biomass. Low amounts of Se application are favorable for biomass production and chlorophyll and carotenoids contents, whereas high amounts of Se application negatively affect both.

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Shoot and root biomass, phosphorus and nitrogen uptake of spring wheat grown in low phosphorus and moisture content conditions in a pot experiment

Journal of Plant Nutrition ◽

10.1080/01904167.2018.1510000 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 41 (17) ◽

pp. 2273-2280 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kenedy E. Epie ◽

Etesami Maral

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

Nitrogen Uptake ◽

Root Biomass ◽

Pot Experiment ◽

Low Phosphorus ◽

Shoot And Root Biomass

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Impact of Soil Compaction on Bulk Density and Root Biomass ofQuercus petraeaL. at Reclaimed Post-Lignite Mining Site in Lusatia, Germany

Applied and Environmental Soil Science ◽

10.1155/2015/504603 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Eric K. A. Twum ◽

Seth Nii-Annang

Keyword(s):

Bulk Density ◽

Significant Relationship ◽

Soil Compaction ◽

Root Biomass ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Quercus Petraea ◽

Mining Site ◽

Lignite Mining ◽

Mining Soil ◽

The Impact

The impact of soil compaction on bulk density and root biomass ofQuercus petraeaL. was assessed after 85 years of reclamation of post-lignite mining soil at Welzow-South, in Lusatia, Germany. Bulk density of core soils sampled from 20 to 25 cm, 100 to 105 cm, and 200 to 205 cm depths and oven-dried biomass ofQ. petraearoots sampled from 0 to 30 cm and at successive depths of 20 cm, up to 210 cm depth at compacted and uncompacted sites were determined. Bulk density was significantly higher at 20 to 25 cm (1.74±0.09 g cm−3) and 100 to 105 cm (1.65±0.06 g cm−3) depths of the compacted site. Likewise, compaction induced significant greater root biomass within the 0 to 70 cm depth with higher bulk density; root biomass at this depth was 2-fold greater compared to the uncompacted site. Root biomass decreased with soil depth and showed significant relationship with depth at both sites. The result indicates that, after 85 years of reclamation, the impact of soil compaction persisted as evident in higher bulk density and greater root biomass.

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Plant Salinity Tolerance Conferred by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Associated Mechanisms: A Meta-Analysis

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2020.588550 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Khondoker M. G. Dastogeer ◽

Mst Ishrat Zahan ◽

Md. Tahjib-Ul-Arif ◽

Mst Arjina Akter ◽

Shin Okazaki

Keyword(s):

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Salinity Stress ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Root Biomass ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Biomass Accumulation ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Shoot Biomass ◽

Shoot And Root Biomass

Soil salinity often hinders plant productivity in both natural and agricultural settings. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) symbionts can mediate plant stress responses by enhancing salinity tolerance, but less attention has been devoted to measuring these effects across plant-AMF studies. We performed a meta-analysis of published studies to determine how AMF symbionts influence plant responses under non-stressed vs. salt-stressed conditions. Compared to non-AMF plants, AMF plants had significantly higher shoot and root biomass (p < 0.0001) both under non-stressed conditions and in the presence of varying levels of NaCl salinity in soil, and the differences became more prominent as the salinity stress increased. Categorical analyses revealed that the accumulation of plant shoot and root biomass was influenced by various factors, such as the host life cycle and lifestyle, the fungal group, and the duration of the AMF and salinity treatments. More specifically, the effect of Funneliformis on plant shoot biomass was more prominent as the salinity level increased. Additionally, under stress, AMF increased shoot biomass more on plants that are dicots, plants that have nodulation capacity and plants that use the C3 plant photosynthetic pathway. When plants experienced short-term stress (<2 weeks), the effect of AMF was not apparent, but under longer-term stress (>4 weeks), AMF had a distinct effect on the plant response. For the first time, we observed significant phylogenetic signals in plants and mycorrhizal species in terms of their shoot biomass response to moderate levels of salinity stress, i.e., closely related plants had more similar responses, and closely related mycorrhizal species had similar effects than distantly related species. In contrast, the root biomass accumulation trait was related to fungal phylogeny only under non-stressed conditions and not under stressed conditions. Additionally, the influence of AMF on plant biomass was found to be unrelated to plant phylogeny. In line with the greater biomass accumulation in AMF plants, AMF improved the water status, photosynthetic efficiency and uptake of Ca and K in plants irrespective of salinity stress. The uptake of N and P was higher in AMF plants, and as the salinity increased, the trend showed a decline but had a clear upturn as the salinity stress increased to a high level. The activities of malondialdehyde (MDA), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) as well as the proline content changed due to AMF treatment under salinity stress. The accumulation of proline and catalase (CAT) was observed only when plants experienced moderate salinity stress, but peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were significantly increased in AMF plants irrespective of salinity stress. Taken together, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi influenced plant growth and physiology, and their effects were more notable when their host plants experienced salinity stress and were influenced by plant and fungal traits.

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The response of garden pea cultivars to simulated drought

Acta agriculturae Serbica ◽

10.5937/aaser2152167t ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (52) ◽

pp. 167-173

Author(s):

Gordana Tamindžić ◽

Janko Červenski ◽

Dragana Milošević ◽

Slobodan Vlajić ◽

Zorica Nikolić ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Root Biomass ◽

Sensitivity Threshold ◽

Tolerance Index ◽

Severe Drought ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Garden Pea ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Drought Tolerance Index ◽

Shoot And Root Biomass

This study aimed to estimate genetic variability among four pea cultivars and determine seed physiological quality and initial growth of garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) under drought stress. Seeds of the pea cultivars were subjected to water stress induced by polyethylene glycol PEG 6000 at three stress levels (0; -0.15; -0.49, and -1.03 MPa). The experiment was conducted under laboratory conditions, in a completely randomized design with four replications, to estimate germination energy, germination, abnormal seedlings, fresh and dry shoot and root biomass, and drought tolerance index. Drought stress significantly affected germination and the other traits, with the stress effects being proportional to the stress level applied. Findings point to the fact that the osmotic potential of -0.49 MPa might be the germination sensitivity threshold for pea cultivars. The pea cultivar C1 was the most tolerant, having the highest germination, fresh and dry shoot and root biomass, and DTI under severe drought stress. Further research on the assessment of physiological and biochemical responses to drought stress is needed to confirm the findings of the present study.

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Spatial and Temporal Variation in Fine Root Biomass, Productivity and Turnover in Shorea Robusta Along the Gradient of Tree Girth Size

10.21203/rs.3.rs-930732/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rachita Pandey ◽

Surendra Singh Bargali ◽

Kiran Bargali

Keyword(s):

Fine Roots ◽

Root Biomass ◽

Fine Root ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Winter Season ◽

Fine Root Biomass ◽

Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽

Root Dynamics ◽

Bottom Line ◽

The Impact

Abstract Fine roots (≤ 2 mm of diameter) contribute diminutive fractions of the overall tree biomass but are highly zestful and functionally remarkable component for assessing forest carbon and nutrient budgets. This study assessed how tree girth influenced fine root biomass (FRB), production (FRP) and turnover rate (FRT) in sub tropical sal forest.Four sites (S1, S2, S3, S4) were established in the bhabhar region of Nainital district, Uttarakhand, India within an elevational range of 405m and 580m. On the basis of girth size, sal trees were categorized in five girth size classes. Fine roots were sampled seasonally to a depth of 60 cm and divided into 3 layers (0-20, 20-40 and 40-60 cm).FRB was significantly affected by tree girth size (p< 0.05) while FRP and FRT showed insignificant effect. FRB was higher in lower girth classes (A-C) as compared to higher girth classes (D-E).Seasonal variation of FRB in all girth sizes showed a keen resemblance as the standing FRB reached pinnacle during rainy season and reached bottom-line in the winter season. Maximum FRB was reported for uppermost organo-mineralic soil depth (0-20 cm) at 1 m distance from tree bole and decreased with increasing soil depth and distance from tree bole while FRT showed a reverse trend. The present study will provide a holistic outlook on variations in FRB, FRP and FRT and the impact of edaphic characteristics and tree girth on fine root dynamics with respect to the studied forest stands.

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