AuBr3-catalyzed azidation of per-O-acetylated and per-O-benzoylated sugars

Herein we report, for the first time, the successful anomeric azidation of per-O-acetylated and per-O-benzoylated sugars by catalytic amounts of oxophilic AuBr3 in good to excellent yields. The method is applicable to a wide range of easily accessible per-O-acetylated and per-O-benzoylated sugars. While reaction with per-O-acetylated and per-O-benzoylated monosaccharides was complete within 1–3 h at room temperature, the per-O-benzoylated disaccharides needed 2–3 h of heating at 55 °C.

InAsSbBi and InSbBi: Potential Material Systems for Infrared Detection

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-90-447 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 90 ◽

Author(s):

S. M. Bedair ◽

T. P. Humphreys ◽

P. K. Chaing ◽

T. Katsuyama

Keyword(s):

Infrared Detectors ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Infrared Detection ◽

Electrical Measurements ◽

Quaternary Alloys ◽

Mocvd Growth ◽

Wide Range ◽

Metallic Bismuth ◽

Bismuth Antimony ◽

ABSTRACTInSb1−x Bix (0.01 < × < 0.14) and InAsSbBi quaternary alloys are potentially attractive materials for the development of semiconductor infrared detectors covering the 8–14 μm range [1,2,3].We report for the first time, MOCVD growth of InSo1−x Bix (0.01 < × < 0.14) and InAs1−x−y Sbx Biy with 0.5 < × < 0.7 and 0.01 < y < 0.04 on both GaAs and InSb substrates using AsH3, TMSb, TEI and TMBi. Electrical measurements of the undoped InSo0.99 Bi0.01 shows a background carrier concentration of approximately 1016/cm3 and a room temperature mobility of 20,215 cm2/V.sec. To-date, these are the best reported electrical measurements for this ternary alloy.The formation of a secondary Bi phase and single crystal growth of metallic bismuth-antimony at the surface of InSo1−x Bix which results in deterioration of morphology with increasing values of x is also investigated. A wide range of analytic techniques, including SEM, EDX, electron microprobe and AES have been employed in our surface analysis.

Smart Heterostructures Based on Solid Solution ZnCdHgTe

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-785-d10.10 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 785 ◽

Author(s):

Galina M. Khlyap ◽

Petro G. Sydorchuk ◽

Jacek Polit ◽

Macej Oszwaldowsky

Keyword(s):

Thin Films ◽

Solid Solution ◽

Spectral Range ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Signal Frequency ◽

Applied Bias ◽

Current Voltage ◽

Wide Range ◽

Capacitance Voltage ◽

ABSTRACTCurrent – voltage (IVC) and capacitance – voltage (CVC) of heterostructures (Cd, Zn)Te/ZnCdHgTe are studied for the first time. Thin films ZnxCdyHg1-x-yTe were grown on monocrystalline (111) CdTe and ZnTe substrates by PLE technology. Deposition was carried out on substrates held at temperatures near 290 K. The thickness of investigated films was estimated to be about 5 μm. Electric characteristics of the as-grown structures were examined under T = 77–290 K in the wide range of applied bias. All investigated samples have demonstrated diode-like IVC and CVC under test signal frequency f = 1 kHz. Heterostructures CdTe/ZnCdHgTe have exhibited a room temperature photosensitivity in spectral range 0.50–0.65 μm.

Recent developments in arylation of N-nucleophiles via Chan-Lam reaction: updates from 2012 onwards

Current Organic Synthesis ◽

10.2174/1570179417666210105120706 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

Author(s):

Fahimeh Abedinifar ◽

Mohammad Mahdavi ◽

Elham babazadeh Rezaei ◽

Mehdi Asadi ◽

Bagher Larijani

Keyword(s):

Organic Synthesis ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Cross Coupling ◽

Recent Decade ◽

Boronic Acids ◽

Research Progress ◽

Wide Range ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Comprehensive Survey ◽

: ''Chan-Evans-Lam'' (CEL) reaction is the copper-mediated cross-coupling of N-nucleophiles with boronic acids that was independently reported in 1998 by Chan, Evans, and Lam for the first time. This reaction is accomplished at room temperature with a remarkably wide range of nucleophiles. In the recent decade, it has been particularly attractive as a convenient method for constructing the various C–N bonds in organic synthesis. Therefore, a comprehensive survey through all reported process was crucial. In this review, we summarized research progress about N-Arylation, based on the type of N-nucleophile involved in this reaction and catalysts from 2012 onwards.

The Fabrication of the Infrared CdSe Doped With Cu Photodetector

Applied Physics Research ◽

10.5539/apr.v8n3p96 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 96

Author(s):

Hassan H. Mohammed ◽

Salwan K. J. AL-Ani

Keyword(s):

Quantum Dots ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Annealing Temperature ◽

Vacuum Annealing ◽

Visible Region ◽

Film Structure ◽

Electromagnetic Spectrum ◽

Wide Range ◽

Implementation Method ◽

In this work, the implementation method of the CdSe doped with Cu (CdSe: Cu) photodetector is presented. This detector is prepared by vacuum evaporation of CdSe films on glass substrate followed by vacuum annealing under an argon atmosphere for doping with copper. This detector is found, for the first time, to cover a wide range of the infrared besides the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum. This finding of the wavelength tuning is due to the localized energy states of copper atoms inside the band gap of the CdSe. This tuning is compared with recent work in the corresponding colloidal CdSe-ZnS core shell quantum dots and with the quantum well (QWIR) and quantum dots (QDIR) infrared detectors. The major significance of this developed detector is in its synthesis simplicity and its fabrication processes costs in comparison with that of the (QWIR) and (QDIR) detectors. The structural analysis results demonstrated that the vacuum annealing in competition with the doping concentration improves significantly the film structure. Better crystalline structure was reported at 5 wt% of Cu concentration and at annealing temperature of 350 ºC. Besides the measured detectivity at room temperature is D*=2.31×108 cm Hz1/2W-1. This value approaches the detectivity of the state of art mercury cadmium telluride (MCT). This result paves the way for further investigations and improvements.

Onset of planet formation in the warm inner disk

Astronomy and Astrophysics ◽

10.1051/0004-6361/201935767 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 629 ◽

pp. A66 ◽

Author(s):

Tunahan Demirci ◽

Corinna Krause ◽

Jens Teiser ◽

Gerhard Wurm

Keyword(s):

Size Distribution ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Filling Factor ◽

Planet Formation ◽

Protoplanetary Disks ◽

The Other ◽

Sticking Probability ◽

Wide Range ◽

First Time ◽

Wide Size Distribution

Aims. Collisional growth of dust occurs in all regions of protoplanetary disks with certain materials dominating between various condensation lines. The sticking properties of the prevalent dust species depend on the specific temperatures. The inner disk is the realm of silicates spanning a wide range of temperatures from room temperature up to sublimation beyond 1500 K. Methods. For the first time, we carried out laboratory collision experiments with hot levitated basalt dust aggregates of 1 mm in size. The aggregates are compact with a filling factor of 0.37 ± 0.06. The constituent grains have a wide size distribution that peaks at about 0.6 μm. Temperatures in the experiments are varied between approximately 600 and 1100 K. Results. Collisions are slow with velocities between 0.002 and 0.15 m s−1, i.e., relevant for protoplanetary disks. Aside from variations of the coefficients of restitution due to varying collision velocities, the experiments show low sticking probability below 900 K and an increasing sticking probability starting at 900 K. Conclusions. This implies that dust can grow to larger size in hot regions, which might change planet formation. One scenario is an enhanced probability for local planetesimal formation. Another scenario is a reduction of planetesimal formation as larger grains are more readily removed as a consequence of radial drift. However, the increased growth at high temperatures likely changes planetesimal formation one way or the other.

Mechanical Properties and Dislocation Structure of Single Crystal Cdte Deformed in Compression at 300°C

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010009292x ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 34 ◽

pp. 592-593

Author(s):

Ernest L. Hall ◽

J. B. Vander Sande

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Single Crystal ◽

Dislocation Structure ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Elevated Temperatures ◽

Strain Curve ◽

Optical Devices ◽

Semiconductor Compound ◽

Wide Range ◽

Sample Orientation

The present paper describes research on the mechanical properties and related dislocation structure of CdTe, a II-VI semiconductor compound with a wide range of uses in electrical and optical devices. At room temperature CdTe exhibits little plasticity and at the same time relatively low strength and hardness. The mechanical behavior of CdTe was examined at elevated temperatures with the goal of understanding plastic flow in this material and eventually improving the room temperature properties. Several samples of single crystal CdTe of identical size and crystallographic orientation were deformed in compression at 300°C to various levels of total strain. A resolved shear stress vs. compressive glide strain curve (Figure la) was derived from the results of the tests and the knowledge of the sample orientation.

Evaluation of 99mTc-Label led Vitamin K4 as an Agent for Testicular Imaging

Nuklearmedizin ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1629552 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 30 (01) ◽

pp. 35-39 ◽

Author(s):

H. S. Durak ◽

M. Kitapgi ◽

B. E. Caner ◽

R. Senekowitsch ◽

M. T. Ercan

Keyword(s):

Soft Tissue ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

Left Testis ◽

Wide Range ◽

Activity Ratios ◽

The Right ◽

Radioactivity Levels

Vitamin K4 was labelled with 99mTc with an efficiency higher than 97%. The compound was stable up to 24 h at room temperature, and its biodistribution in NMRI mice indicated its in vivo stability. Blood radioactivity levels were high over a wide range. 10% of the injected activity remained in blood after 24 h. Excretion was mostly via kidneys. Only the liver and kidneys concentrated appreciable amounts of radioactivity. Testis/soft tissue ratios were 1.4 and 1.57 at 6 and 24 h, respectively. Testis/blood ratios were lower than 1. In vitro studies with mouse blood indicated that 33.9 ±9.6% of the radioactivity was associated with RBCs; it was washed out almost completely with saline. Protein binding was 28.7 ±6.3% as determined by TCA precipitation. Blood clearance of 99mTc-l<4 in normal subjects showed a slow decrease of radioactivity, reaching a plateau after 16 h at 20% of the injected activity. In scintigraphic images in men the testes could be well visualized. The right/left testis ratio was 1.08 ±0.13. Testis/soft tissue and testis/blood activity ratios were highest at 3 h. These ratios were higher than those obtained with pertechnetate at 20 min post injection.99mTc-l<4 appears to be a promising radiopharmaceutical for the scintigraphic visualization of testes.

Safety assessment of biological raw materials in the system of medicines quality assurance

10.33920/med-06-2002-05 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 63-72

Author(s):

Yu. Olefir ◽

E. Sakanyan ◽

I. Osipova ◽

V. Dobrynin ◽

M. Smirnova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

State Level ◽

The State ◽

Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽

Safety Standards ◽

Wide Range ◽

The Russian Federation ◽

Key Aspects ◽

First Time ◽

Medicines Quality

The entry of a wide range of biotechnological products into the pharmaceutical market calls for rein-forcement of the quality, efficacy and safety standards at the state level. The following general monographs have been elaborated for the first time to be included into the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation, XIV edition: "Viral safety" and "Reduction of the risk of transmitting animal spongiform encephalopathy via medicinal products". These general monographs were elaborated taking into account the requirements of foreign pharmacopoeias and the WHO recommendations. The present paper summarises the key aspects of the monographs.

Innovation in Byzantine Medicine

10.1093/oso/9780198850687.001.0001 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Petros Bouras-Vallianatos

Keyword(s):

Human Physiology ◽

Medical Literature ◽

Cultural Exchange ◽

Significant Degree ◽

Medieval Medicine ◽

Medieval Latin ◽

Main Thesis ◽

Wide Range ◽

Comprehensive Examination ◽

Byzantine medicine is still a little-known and misrepresented field not only in the wider arena of debates on medieval medicine but also among Byzantinists. Byzantine medical literature is often viewed as ‘stagnant’ and mainly preserving ancient ideas; and our knowledge of it continues to be based to a great extent on the comments of earlier authorities, which are often repeated uncritically. This book presents the first comprehensive examination of the medical corpus of, arguably, the most important late Byzantine physician John Zacharias Aktouarios (c.1275–c.1330). The main thesis is that John’s medical works show an astonishing degree of openness to knowledge from outside Byzantium combined with a significant degree of originality, in particular, in the fields of uroscopy, pharmacology, and human physiology. The analysis of John’s edited (On Urines and On Psychic Pneuma) and unedited (Medical Epitome) works is supported for the first time by the consultation of a large number of manuscripts. The study is also informed by evidence from a wide range of medical sources, including previously unpublished ones, and texts from other genres, such as epistolography and merchants’ accounts. The contextualization of John’s works sheds new light on the development of Byzantine medical thought and practice, and enhances our understanding of the late Byzantine social and intellectual landscape. Finally, John’s medical observations are also examined in the light of examples from the medieval Latin and Islamic worlds, placing his medical theories in the wider Mediterranean milieu and highlighting the cultural exchange between Byzantium and its neighbours.

Rebels, Believers, Survivors

10.1093/oso/9780198857297.001.0001 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Noel Malcolm

Keyword(s):

Catholic Church ◽

Religious Conversion ◽

Late Nineteenth Century ◽

Napoleonic Wars ◽

Conversion To Islam ◽

Wide Range ◽

History Of ◽

External Powers ◽

First Time ◽

Modern Myth

This book of essays covers a wide range of topics in the history of Albania and Kosovo. Many of the essays illuminate connections between the Albanian lands and external powers and interests, whether political, military, diplomatic or religious. Such topics include the Habsburg invasion of Kosovo in 1689, the manoeuvrings of Britain and France towards the Albanian lands during the Napoleonic Wars, the British interest in those lands in the late nineteenth century, and the Balkan War of 1912. On the religious side, essays examine ‘crypto-Christianity’ in Kosovo during the Ottoman period, the stories of conversion to Islam revealed by Inquisition records, the first theological treatise written in Albanian (1685), and the work of the ‘Apostolic Delegate’ who reformed the Catholic Church in early twentieth-century Albania. Some essays bring to life ordinary individuals hitherto unknown to history: women hauled before the Inquisition, for example, or the author of the first Albanian autobiography. The longest essay, on Ali Pasha, tells for the first time the full story of the role he played in the international politics of the Napoleonic Wars. Some of these studies have been printed before (several in hard-to-find publications, and one only in Albanian), but the greater part of this book appears here for the first time. This is not only a contribution to Albanian and Balkan history it also engages with many broader issues, including religious conversion, methods of enslavement within the Ottoman Empire, and the nature of modern myth-making about national identity.