scholarly journals The art of the "naughty" at a turning point (late 1980s — early 1990s)

2021 ◽  
pp. 90-98
Author(s):  
Olga Petrova
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Art Market ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Art Gallery ◽  
Art Collecting ◽  
Paris Commune ◽  
State Sector ◽  
History Of

The article presents a historiography of the non-state sector of culture and the processes that took place in the artistic life of Ukraine at the crucial time of the late 1980s — early 1990s. It shows various aspects: changes in stylistic trends, the rising of creative freedom of the young generation of artists, social changes, the economic situation and the rise of the art market, which had just appeared on the ruins of the former Soviet Union. On the case of Tiberiy Szilvashi, the "Zhyvopysnyi zapovidnyk" ("Picturesque Reserve") group, and members of the Parkomuna (Paris Commune) it is shown how changes took place not only in works of artists, but also in a transition to market relations considering the latest changes. The article describes the formation of the gallery movement in Kyiv, namely the activities of such institutions as Atelier Karas, Triptych Art Gallery, Gallery 36, L-Art Gallery, Irena Gallery, "Blank Art" and others. The problematic moments are identified and described, the analysis of external and internal factors that determined the path of the gallery activities of Kyiv in the first years of Ukraine's independence is carried out. The problem of works of art collecting made by representatives of the "fresh" bourgeoisie is raised. The materials of the article can be used in further scientific research on the history of the art market of Ukraine, in particular, gallery business.

scholarly journals On the works of Nicholas K. Roerich in the Primorye State Art Gallery

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-71
Author(s):  
Е.П. Яковлева
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Art Gallery ◽  
Educational Activities ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation

В статье, основанной на материалах многолетних исследований автора, рассматриваются два произведения Николая Константиновича Рериха из собрания Приморской государственной картинной галереи. Внимание заостряется на причастности пейзажа «Туман» (1907) к серии «Финляндских этюдов» художника, а этюда «Дорожка» (1908) — к известной петербургской коллекции, в 1910-е годы принадлежавшей А.В. и Е.Л. Румановым. В настоящее время коллекция Румановых рассеяна по двадцати пяти государственным музеям бывшего Советского Союза. Больше всего произведений входит в собрание Русского музея. В Приморской картинной галерее хранится всего одна работа — этюд Рериха «Дорожка», и по ней довольно сложно судить о масштабе коллекции Румановых и месте данного этюда в числе других работ художника, входивших в ее состав. Уточнение истории создания и бытования обоих пейзажей Н.К. Рериха из собрания Приморской картинной галереи имеет важное значение для их изучения и научной каталогизации, а также для просветительской деятельности галереи. The article, based on the materials of the author's long-term research, examines two works by Nicholas Konstantinovich Roerich from the collection of the Primorye State Art Gallery. Attention is focused on the involvement of the landscape “Fog” (1907) in the series of “Finnish sketches” by the artist, and the sketch “Path” (1908) — in the famous St. Petersburg collection, in the 1910s owned by A.V. and E.L. Rumanov. Currently, the Rumanov collection is scattered across twenty-five state museums of the former Soviet Union. Most of the works are included in the collection of the Russian Museum. The Primorye Art Gallery has only one work — Roerich's sketch “The Path”, and it is quite difficult to judge the scale of the Rumanov collection and the place of this sketch among other works of the artist that were part of it. Clarification of the history of the creation and existence of both landscapes by N.K. Roerich from the collection of the Primorye Art Gallery is important for their study and scientific cataloging, as well as for the educational activities of the gallery.

scholarly journals ‘We are not Exiles, we are Messengers’: George Riabov and his Collection of Russian Theatre Design (USA)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alla Rosendfeld
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Graphic Arts ◽  
Art Collections ◽  
Art Collecting ◽  
Revolutionary Era ◽  
Theater Design ◽  
Russian Art ◽  
History Of

This article is devoted to the history of George Riabov’s collection of Russian art. Among art collections outside of Russia, the George Riabov Collection of Russian Art is unique due to its scope. It includes icons from the fifteenth to the nineteenth centuries, graphic arts and sculpture from the eighteenth to the twentieth century, as well as ‘lubki’, posters and illustrated books from the early 1900s to the 1930s, nonconformist art of the former Soviet Union from the 1960s–1970s, and the works of Russian émigré artists. Consisting of important works of Russian art across the centuries, the Riabov Collection also features some major examples of stage and costume designs for theater, ballet, and opera created by the early twentieth-century artists. In 1990, Riabov donated his vast collection to The Jane Voorhees Zimmerli Art Museum at Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (USA). The article traces the history of the Riabov collection and also places a number of important costume and stage designs in the collection in the context of the development of Russian theatrical design in pre- and post-revolutionary era. Keywords: Riabov collection, Russian art, theater design, émigré artists, World of Art, Ballets Russes, art collecting

‘Covetable pictures’

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-90
Author(s):  
Thomas Busciglio-Ritter
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Art Market ◽  
The United States ◽  
Metropolitan Museum ◽  
Art Gallery ◽  
Art Collecting ◽  
Domestic Art ◽  
History Of ◽  
John Taylor

Abstract Born in 1820, John Taylor Johnston is a pivotal figure in the history of American collecting. A pioneer in transatlantic art collecting, his numerous visits to Europe helped him develop his taste, enrich his possessions, and build a reliable network of artists and dealers. He then re-injected this experience into a rising New York art market, becoming the first collector to enjoy success through the weekly public opening of a domestic art gallery. Here he displayed his highly-praised collection of European and American paintings, comprising works by Vernet, Gérôme, Meissonier, Homer and Church. Along with his brother James, Johnston also founded the very first edifice in the United States devoted entirely to housing artists – the Tenth Street Studio Building, designed by architect Richard Morris Hunt. His reputation as a collector eventually led to his appointment as first president of the newly formed Metropolitan Museum in 1871.

scholarly journals Between Berlin and Moscow: Polish Western Thought in the Twenty-Year Interwar Period

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Masnyk
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Russian History ◽  
Imperial Period ◽  
Academic Publications ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Culture ◽  
The Russian Empire

This article deals with the professional discussion about the so-called “difficult questions” of Russian history that involves historians and teachers in the now independent republics of the former Soviet Union and Eastern Block. Both academic publications and teaching books are used as primary sources for the study. In the first section, the author studies several problems connected with the origin of Russian statehood, the Varangian question, and civilizational characteristics of East Slavic nations. The second section is devoted to the Russian imperial past and especially to the discourse on colonialism, which is often used as an explanatory model for the imperial period by historians and textbook authors in some of the post-Soviet countries. The third section is concerned with the conception of the 1917 revolution. The author emphasizes the fact that the conception of a continuous revolutionary process (1917–1922) has yet to be accepted by Russian secondary schools. In this part, the author considers several other factors significant for understanding the revolutionary process including issues such as the origins of the First World War and the developmental level of the Russian Empire in the early twentieth century. In the fourth section, the article discusses the conception of the 1930s Soviet modernization along with negative opinions about the Soviet period given by scholars of different former Soviet republics. In the fifth section, the author briefly observes contemporary studies of culture and everyday life. It is concluded that the history of culture is not represented well in Russian school textbooks, and it is also found that the studies on everyday life are often lacking in depth. Discussing various “difficult questions” of Russian history, the author highlights controversial historical ideas and opinions, formulated in the post-Soviet countries during the last decades.

The history of formation and development of additives to lubricants

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
E.A. Naghieva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Laboratory Staff ◽  
Mineral Oils ◽  
Functional Additives ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The technological development led to the substitution of vegetable and animal oils for the mineral ones. With further development of engine manufacturing, the requirements to the quality of lubricants increased. It was revealed that the mineral oils, as though they are cleaned, do not satisfy the requirements. In this regard, the new method for the improvement of the quality of lubricants is the addition of organic compounds with various functional groups providing the lubricants with set properties into so-called “additives”. In 1945 on the offer of academician U. Mammadaliev a laboratory of the lubricants and additives had been established and leaded by academician A.M. Kuliev under AzNIINP named after V.V. Kuybyshev. Fundamental studies of this staff were considered a basis for the development of industrial production of efficient additives in the former Soviet Union. First developments of the staff related to the depressor and detergent, afterwards to the multi-functional additives. Based on carried out surveys by the laboratory staff the first local additives – depressors AzNII, AzNII-4, AzNII-5, AzNII-TSIATIM etc. have been developed in Azerbaijan. The success of the staff in the studies and developments, as well as the presence of qualified specialists in the chemistry of additives promoted the establishment of the single in our country profiled Institute for the chemistry of additives of the Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan SSR under the leadership of A.M. Kuliev in 1965. The diapason of fundamental works, enabling to develop the scientific basis of synthesis of efficient additives of optimum structure has been dramatically increased. Numerous efficient additives of various purpose have been obtained. The lubricants are being used in all spheres of the economy.

A Different Approach to the History of Islam and Muslims in Europe: A North-Eastern Angle, or the Need to Reconsider the Research Field

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 350-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Göran Larsson ◽  
Egdūnas Račius
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Research Field ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
History Of ◽  
Muslims In Europe ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Muslim Communities ◽  
Eastern Baltic

AbstractWhile the ever more strongly felt presence of Muslims in western Europe has already stimulated numerous scholars of various social sciences to embark upon research on issues related to that presence, it is apparent that just a few studies and introductory text books have so far dealt with the evolution of Muslim communities in other parts of Europe, especially in countries of central, eastern, and northern Europe. Without appreciation of and comprehensive research into the more than six-hundred-year-long Muslim presence in the eastern Baltic rim the picture of the development of Islam and Muslim-Christian relations in Europe remains incomplete and even distorted. Therefore, this article argues for the necessity of approaching the history of Islam and Muslims in Europe from a different and ultimately more encompassing angle by including the minorities of Muslim cultural background that reside in the countries of the European part of the former Soviet Union—the Baltic states and Belarus. Besides arguing that it is necessary to reconsider and expand the research field in order to develop more profound studies of Islam and Muslims in Europe, the article also outlines suggestions as to why the Muslim history in the eastern Baltic rim has been generally excluded from the history of Islam in Europe.

scholarly journals A Scandinavian Island in a Slavonic Linguistic Environment. The Dialect of Gammalsvenskby: Nouns

Slovene ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-110
Author(s):  
Alexander E. Mankov
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
The Village

This paper initiates a series of publications on the morphology of the dialect of Staroshvedskoye (Sw. Gammalsvenskby), which is the only surviving Scandinavian dialect on the territory of the former Soviet Union. The village of Staroshvedskoye is located in the Kherson region, Ukraine. Its Swedish dialect historically belongs to the group of Swedish dialects of Estonia and goes back to the dialect of the island of Dagö (Hiiumaa). The dialect of Gammalsvenskby is of interest to slavists as an example of a language island in the Slavonic environment. From around the 1950s, the main spoken language of all village residents, including dialect speakers, has been surzhik. Due to the complete lack of studies of the present-day dialect and because of the severe endangerment in which the dialect is currently situated, the most urgent task is to collect, classify and publish the factual material. This paper introduces comprehensive material on nouns in the conservative variety of the present-day dialect. It lists all masculine nouns of type 1a together with their cognates from Estonian Swedish dialects; comments on the history of the forms are given as well. The sources for the material presented here are interviews with speakers of the conservative variety of the dialect recorded by the author during fieldwork in the village from 2004 to 2012. We plan to publish nouns of other types in later articles.

scholarly journals Is it time for transition from the subject-based to the integrated preclinical medical curriculum?

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Yu. Kapitonova ◽  
Sergey P. Gupalo ◽  
Sergey S. Dydykin ◽  
Yury L. Vasil’ev ◽  
Viktor B. Mandrikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Medical Curriculum ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Medical Education Program ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Medical Faculties ◽  
Integrated Program

In the 60s of the last century, a number of new universities in the world began to apply an integrated program of medical education, the cornerstone of which was problem-oriented education. Thus, the Flexner model of higher education adopted by that time in most countries of the world, with its characteristic segregation of teaching of the theoretical and clinical disciplines, which had ceased to satisfy the needs of modern healthcare, was gradually replaced by a new system that put the student in the center of the educational process and opened the way to active methods of teaching being focused on the end result – training of graduates whose qualifications most fully satisfy the needs of society. Over the half-century history of its existence, this system has been adopted by most medical universities in different countries of the world, in many of which it has undergone significant modifications in accordance with the needs of national educational standards. Many medical universities in Russia and other countries of the former Soviet Union showed interest in this system, some of the medical faculties of our country accepted certain elements of it. However, up to date no integrated preclinical medical education program has been applied in any of the Russian universities. Hereby we are undertaking an attempt to analyze the reasons and assess the possible perspectives for the transition of medical universities in Russia to teaching of fundamental and biomedical disciplines using the integrated curriculum.

Russia and South Africa: Historical Memory. Part 1

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-32
Author(s):  
Ndlovu Sifiso Mxolisi
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Diplomatic History ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Russian State ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Relationship

In order to prove that the relationship between South Africa and Russia began well before the democratic dispensation in South Africa, the author is of the belief that the present Russian state inherited the mantle of the former Soviet Union state and therefore the two place names are used interchangeably. The timeline for this article begins from the 1960s to the present, particularly the era after the formation of post-1994 democratic South Africa. The themes to be analysed relate to the writing of a brief ‘diplomatic’ history of South Africa and the Soviet Union and will focus on progressive internationalism, diplomacy, foreign policy, communism and anti-communism in South Africa.

Living through Communism

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grigore Pop-Eleches ◽  
Joshua A. Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
History Of ◽  
Soviet Communism

This chapter provides a more focused living through communism model to explain attitudinal divergence among post-communist citizens. In particular, it lays out the specific variables expected—based on the history of communism and how it developed in the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe—to have potentially increased the intensity of the communist message to which citizens were exposed and the resistance that citizens might have had to that exposure. The chapter takes a two-part approach to doing so. The first half of this chapter provides some general background on Soviet communism. The second half presents and motivates the living through communism intensifying and resistance hypotheses that will be tested in chapters 4–7.

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