scholarly journals Innovative management of projects for electric mobility development: foreign experience and Ukraine

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-29
Author(s):  
Serhii KHARIN ◽  
Hanna PURII
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Electric Mobility ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Vehicle Production

The research considers various aspects of electric vehicle production in some leading foreign countries. Dynamics of specific weight of electric vehicles in total transport and its forecast indices are under analysis considering those of the countries planning complete transition to electric mobility. Urgency of building an expanded network of charging stations of various capacity is pointed out. It is revealed that Volkswagen, the world largest automobile concern, is going to introduce much more new designs of electric vehicles than it considered before – 70 instead of 50 by 2028. It is planned to produce more electric vehicles – from 15 to 22mln in the decade to follow. Besides, the share of electric vehicles in the concern’s total production is to exceed 40% by 2030. It is indicated that 44bln euros will be invested into designing new VW automobiles in the nearest 5 years. It is significant that in many foreign countries there are subsidies and tax reduction for electric vehicle owners which are used as an important tool of the state’ incentives. Besides, special attention is paid to improvement and development of production of batteries for electric cars, especially in the EU countries. The authors suggest schemes of elaborating electric mobile innovations and power supply for electric mobility providing green and economic solutions for generating power for electric cars by wind generators. Potential production of Ukrainian electric cars is under analysis. It is highlighted that electric vehicle production allows combining two economically beneficial factors – innovative character of a product and its large-scale production. In this case, there will be a novelty effect and huge unsatisfied demand as well as scale saving.

A Methodological Approach for Supporting the Thermal Design of Li-Ion Battery for Customized Electric Vehicles

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Landi ◽  
Paolo Cicconi ◽  
Michele Germani
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Behavior ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Thermal Design ◽  
Battery Pack ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Li Ion Battery ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Li Ion

An important issue in the mechanical industry is the reduction of the time to market, in order to meet quickly the customer needs. This goal is very important for SMEs that produce small lots of customized products. In the context of greenhouse gas emissions reduction, vehicles powered by electric motors seem to be the most suitable alternative to the traditional internal combustion engine vehicles. The market of customized electric vehicles is a niche market suitable for SMEs. Nowadays, the energy storage system of an electric vehicle powertrain consists of several Li-ion cells arranged in a container called battery pack. Particularly, the battery unit is considered as the most critical component in electric vehicle, because it impacts on performance and life cycle cost. Currently, the design of a battery pack mostly depends on the related market size. A longer design time is expected in the case of a large scale production. While a small customized production requires more agility and velocity in the design process. The proposed research focuses on a design methodology to support the designer in the evaluation of the battery thermal behavior. This work has been applied in the context of a customized small production. As test case, an urban electric light commercial vehicle has been analyzed. The designed battery layout has been evaluated and simulated using virtual prototyping tools. A cooling configuration has been analyzed and then prototyped in a physical vehicle. The virtual thermal behavior of a Li-ion battery has been validated at the test bench. The real operational conditions have been analyzed reproducing several ECE-15 driving cycles and many acceleration runs at different load values. Thermocouples have measured the temperature values during the physical experiments, in order to validate the analytical thermal profile evaluated with the proposed design approach.

scholarly journals Advancements in Battery Technologies of Electric Vehicle

2021 ◽  
Vol 2129 (1) ◽  
pp. 012011
Author(s):  
V.K Bupesh Raja ◽  
Ignatius Raja ◽  
Rahul Kavvampally
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Alternative Materials ◽  
Tremendous Amount ◽  
Battery Technology ◽  
Compact Design

Abstract The Automotive Industry has undergone a huge revolution – Electric Vehicles! Electric cars are growing fast and the demand for them is increasing all around the world, thanks to the more and improved choice, reduced prices, and enhancing battery technology. Introduced more than 100 years ago, electric vehicles have gone through a tremendous amount of advancement. This paper reviews the current major challenges faced by the Electric Vehicle Industry along with possible solutions to overcome them. Although electric vehicles have come a long way, the battery used in the vehicles needs to be further explored to harness maximum energy with a compact design. Electric vehicles should soon be able to compete with combustion engine vehicles in every aspect. Also, this paper reviews alternative materials for electrodes and batteries to make charging faster and reliable than ever. This paper envisages few concepts that could revolutionize Automobile Industry further in the future.

scholarly journals Efficient Synthesis of Rare Disaccharides by Engineered β-Glucosidase Based on Hydropathy Index

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kangle Niu ◽  
Zhengyao Liu ◽  
Yuhui Feng ◽  
Tianlong Gao ◽  
Zhenzhen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Catalytic Site ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Hydropathy Index ◽  
Reverse Hydrolysis ◽  
Hydrolysis Activity

<p>Oligosaccharides have important therapeutic applications. A useful route for oligosaccharides synthesis, especially rare disaccharides, is reverse hydrolysis by <i>β</i>-glucosidase. However, the low conversion efficiency of disaccharides from monosaccharides limits its large-scale production because the equilibrium is biased in the direction of hydrolysis. Based on the analysis of the docking results, we hypothesized that the hydropathy index of key amino acid residues in the catalytic site is closely related with disaccharide synthesis and more hydrophilic residues located in the catalytic site would enhance reverse hydrolysis activity. In this study, positive variants<i> Tr</i>Cel1b<sup>I177S</sup>, <i>Tr</i>Cel1b<sup>I177S/I174S</sup>, and <i>Tr</i>Cel1b<sup>I177S/I174S/W173H</sup>, and one negative variant <i>Tr</i>Cel1b<sup>N240I</sup> were designed according to the <u>H</u>ydropathy <u>I</u>ndex <u>F</u>or <u>E</u>nzyme <u>A</u>ctivity (HIFEA) strategy. The reverse hydrolysis with <i>Tr</i>Cel1b<sup>I177S/I174S/W173H </sup>was accelerated and then the maximum total production (<a>195.8 mg/ml/mg enzyme</a>) of the synthesized disaccharides was increased 3.5-fold compared to that of wildtype. On the contrary, <a><i>Tr</i>Cel1b</a><sup>N240I</sup> lost reverse hydrolysis activity. The results demonstrate that<a> </a><a>the average hydropathy index</a> of <a>the key amino acid residues </a>in the catalytic site of<i> Tr</i>Cel1b is an important factor for the synthesis of laminaribiose, sophorose, and cellobiose. The HIFEA strategy provides a new perspective for the rational design of <i>β</i>-glucosidases used for the synthesis of oligosaccharides.</p>

The impact of global trends on the electric vehicle market in Russia: Challenges, opportunities and directions of development

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 913-939
Author(s):  
Tat'yana S. REMIZOVA ◽  
Dmitrii B. KOSHELEV
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Vehicle Development ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Impact

Subject. The article reviews various transport electrification scenarios, which would help reduce the CO2 emissions and environmental threats. The environmental and economic security can also be affected if the State insufficiently understands the importance of electric vehicle development, their popularization. It is also crucial to encourage the consumption, develop the infrastructure, innovative projects, which reshape the power engineering structure. Objectives. We determine how global trends influence the production and integration of electric vehicles in Russia. We also evaluate the environmental and cost effectiveness of morot vehicle electrification, opportunities and trajectories for the electric vehicle development nationwide. Methods. The study involves methods used to summarize regulatory, empirical and theoretical data, and general and partial scientific methods and techniques, such as abstraction, analysis, analogy, etc. Results. The article shows the extent of electric transport development worldwide, and focuses on environmental issues and opportunities to reduce the carbon footprint by using electric vehicles and renewable energy sources. We point out opportunities, threats, prospects and disadvantages of the electric vehicle use in Russia. The article indicates how the use of electric cars can be developed in Russia, considering changes in the production structure and the generation of positive effects as much as possible. Conclusions. Currently, Russia evidently lags behind the global production and use of electric cars, without having a priority of the carbon footprint reduction. The strategy for the car segment advancement is underdeveloped. Suggested herein, the ideas for the electric car segment development are aimed to encourage the consumption, production, advancement of infrastructure and innovative projects, and ensure the environmental security of the country.

scholarly journals Main Drivers of Battery Industry Changes: Electric Vehicles—A Market Overview

Batteries ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry Pelegov ◽  
José Pontes
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Research Society ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
Simple Estimation ◽  
Electric Vehicle Adoption ◽  
Battery Industry

The growing popularity of electric vehicles is one of the main drivers of battery industry transformation. Words like “transport system decarbonization”, “electromobility”, and “environmental-friendly society” are very popular today, but questions remain as to how to measure electric vehicles’ adoption progress and how this transition changes the battery industry. This perspective paper provides a review of the electric cars and buses market, estimates the production volumes of some other electric vehicle types, and discusses the role of traction batteries in the global battery market. A simple estimation of the sales rate allows us to evaluate the prospects of electric vehicle adoption in leading countries. Finally, the application of the main battery chemistries is reviewed and topical issues to the research society are addressed and formulated.

Electric Vehicle Drivetrain Development in China

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiqing Yuan ◽  
Guoqiang Wu ◽  
Xiangyan He ◽  
Yanda Song ◽  
Xuewen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Automatic Transmission ◽  
Fixed Ratio ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
Variable Ratio ◽  
Speed Reduction ◽  
Electric Cars

Despite great progress recently made on applications of in-wheel motors in electric vehicles, almost all production or near-production electric vehicles still utilize mechanical speed reduction systems for transferring torque from the traction motor to wheels for the purposes of torque augmentation and speed reduction. These systems in general fall into three categories, i.e. fixed ratio, stepped variable ratio, or continuously variable ratio. In China, most electric cars retrofitted from internal combustion engine propelled vehicle models use gear reduction systems of a fixed speed ratio, in order to minimize the time to market. Typically a conversion is made to the original 5-speed manual transmission by taking out a few unused gear sets. With the rapid growth in electric vehicle industry, some gearboxes of fixed speed have been engineered and they typically have a layshaft configuration. Most of them still do not come with a “park” gear due to a lack of understanding on customer’s needs. As an exception, a transmission of fixed speed ratio dedicated for electric vehicle applications has been developed at the Electric Vehicle R&D Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS). Among electric vehicles announced by domestic vehicle manufacturers in China, some employ 5-speed manual transmissions (MTs) or automatic transmission (ATs) that typically found in traditional vehicles. From the driving convenience, transmission efficiency, or cost standpoints, these transmissions are, in general, not appropriate for applications in electric vehicles. The “misusage” of these transmissions has often something to do with their availability rather than suitability. A great deal of effort has been put into the research and development of automated mechanical transmissions (AMTs) in China to date. Significant progress has been made to the reduction of shift time, improvement of shift quality, and optimization of the mechanical components. Continuously variable transmission (CVT) is considered to be an important trend in drivetrain technology. However, the pulley-belt types of CVT commonly seen in traditional vehicles are not proper for electric vehicle applications. An EVT dedicated for electric vehicles is under development at UCAS, in which the power from an electric motor of dual-rotors is coupled by means of a planetary gear set, allowing continuous variable of the output speed. In summary, the electric vehicle drivetrain technology in China is undergoing rapid advances, which will impact the development of electric vehicle industry at home and abroad.

Study on the Harmonic Impact of Large Scale Electric Vehicles to Grid

2013 ◽  
Vol 443 ◽  
pp. 273-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ceng Ceng Hao ◽  
Yue Jin Tang ◽  
Jing Shi
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Electric Grid ◽  
Nonlinear Loads ◽  
Electric Vehicle Charging ◽  
Vehicle Charging ◽  
Charging Stations ◽  
Harmonic Problem

Large scale electric vehicles integration into power grid, as nonlinear loads, will pose inevitable impacts on the operation of power system, one of which the harmonic problem will affect the power quality greatly. Firstly, the article analyzes the characteristics of harmonic caused by electric vehicle charging. And then, the harmonic flow distribution is analyzed based on the IEEE standard node systems. During transient analyses, the electric vehicle charging stations connected to electric grid are represented as harmonic sources. Results show that structure and voltage grade of electric grid, capacity and access points of electric vehicle charging load will have different effects on harmonic problem. At last, a few conclusions are given for connecting electric vehicles to electric grid.

Discussion on the Mode of Electric Vehicle Power Supply Infrastructures Construction and Operation in China

2011 ◽  
Vol 347-353 ◽  
pp. 3902-3907
Author(s):  
Liang Liang Chen ◽  
Ming Wu ◽  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Xiao Hua Ding ◽  
Jin Da Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Operation Mode ◽  
Charging Station ◽  
Combination Mode ◽  
Ev Charging

The energy supply infrastructures construction is the prerequisite and basis for the large-scale promotion and application of electric vehicles (EVs). The characteristics and current construction situation of several EV power supply infrastructures in China such as AC charging spot, charging station and battery swap station are introduced first, and the characteristics of time combination mode and space combination mode for the construction of EV charging facilities are also discussed. Meanwhile, the features of operation mode for EV power supply infrastructures in different developing stage of are analyzed, and the main bodies for EV power supply infrastructures construction are also introduced.

Technical Analysis and Research on the Endurance of Electric Vehicles

2014 ◽  
Vol 1030-1032 ◽  
pp. 2130-2134
Author(s):  
Xue Bo Yan
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Energy Technology ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Electric Automobile ◽  
Vehicle Technology

With the development and extension of electric vehicle in our country, research on electric vehicle technology becomes a hot topic in recent years. This paper starts with the technical barriers from electric vehicle endurance ability and described the improving methods of electric automobile thoroughly, pointed out the existing problems in the process of application about the methods in this paper. Then put forward the application of solar energy, wind energy technology in electric cars, proposed a research direction for the development of electric vehicle. At last, the paper proposed a research direction for the development of electric vehicle.

scholarly journals User Satisfaction of Electric-Vehicles About Charging Stations (Home, Outdoor, and Workplace)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 3589-3593
Author(s):  
Iqbal H. Jebril Et.al
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
User Satisfaction ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
Charging Stations

This paper aims to investigate the user’s satisfaction with electric cars about charging stations (home, outdoor, and workplace). The descriptive approach was used. 403 questionnaires was distributed to the study population, 349 questionnaires are Usable. The Data were analyzed using Amos. The study found that there is an impact on the satisfaction of electric vehicle users in Jordan. we recommends to reducing the time spent charging electric vehicles at external charging stations, and increasing the quality of the mechanisms used in charging electric cars.

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