scholarly journals Legal basis and directions of improving the corporate responsibility

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
Dmytro SICHKO

The paper examines the current state of legal regulation of corporate responsibility, identifies prospects for reforming the institution of corporate responsibility to ensure compliance with corporate rights. In particular, it was found that a corporate agreement creates a different nature of the relationship (both mandatory and corporate), it has a binding nature, so in case of violation may be applied civil liability for failure or improper performance of obligations. At the same time, corporate responsibility differs from civil law (classical) liability in the circle of responsible persons, the procedure for bringing to justice, corporate responsibility measures, etc. The case law illustrates that it is possible that a party to a corporate agreement does not systematically comply with the terms of the agreement, for example, does not participate in the general meeting of the corporation or votes against it with other parties to the agreement, which actually calls into question the successful achievement of corporate goals. agreement and its effectiveness as a regulator of relations for the joint management of corporate rights. In this case, an effective way to protect the rights of the parties to the contract is the obligation of the infringer to alienate its share in the authorized (composed) capital (shareholding) in favor of other participants in the corporate agreement at market or pre-agreed price. However, it is noted that the possibility of establishing an obligation to sell shares as a sanction for breach of corporate agreement raises some doubts. In fact, such an obligation is a restriction on property rights. It is proposed to solve this dilemma by reforming the institution of corporate responsibility for non-performance or improper performance of corporate obligations that correspond to the corporate rights of participants in the direction of separating it into a separate type of legal liability. In particular, it is proposed to supplement the Law of Ukraine “On Limited and Additional Liability Companies” Art. 7 “Corporate liability” reads as follows: “in case of non-performance (improper performance) of corporate obligations established by law, contract and constituent documents of the company, corresponding to the corporate rights of participants, sanctions in the form of compensation and exclusion of the participant may be applied”.

Author(s):  
V.Ye. Sikora

The article establishes the current state of legal regulation of corporate relations in the context of the organization and holding of the general meeting of participants of limited and additional liability companies. The legal nature and content of the right to participate in the management of a limited/additional liability company through the prism of comparative legal analysis of the works of modern scientists are studied. Based on the above, it is installed the relationship of a broad understanding of the concept of company management and its components, including those related to the functioning of the general meeting of participants. It is established that the general meeting of participants of a limited/additional liability company plays the most important role in the management of the company. The essence of the right to participate in the general meeting of participants of a limited/additional liability company is clarified and its content is determined. Emphasis is placed on the direct dependence of the right of actual participation of a participant of a limited/additional liability company in the general meeting on the latter’s awareness of the time and place of their holding. The peculiarities of the organization and holding of the general meeting of the participants of the limited/additional liability company are analyzed. The procedure for forming the agenda of the general meeting of participants of a limited/additional liability company is determined. The procedure for notifying the convening and venue of the general meeting is described. The peculiarities of holding a general meeting of participants by a company with one participant are determined. Based on the study, conclusions were made about the overall effectiveness of the mechanisms provided by current legislation, which establish the procedure for organizing and conducting the general meeting of participants of a limited/additional liability company. At the same time, attention is paid to the need to finalize certain provisions of the special Law, taking into account the needs and problems that arise in practice, and in order to consolidate the relevant developments at the legislative and local levels (in the company’s charter).


Author(s):  
Oleg Pecheniy ◽  
◽  
Oksana Vartovnik ◽  

The article examines the activities of companies, their bodies, disputes, delves in connection with the exercise of corporate rights, holding a general meeting, making decisions, appealing to the courts, as well as compliance with rules relevant to the founders and participants of companies. Disputed situations on observance of the procedure of convening and holding a general meeting, their influence on decision-making, their legitimacy are studied. Violated corporate rights of the participant are protected by invalidating the decision of the general meeting as the highest body of society. The article identifies the problematic aspects of disputes over the invalidation of decisions of the general meeting of companies. Some grounds for invalidating the decisions of the general meeting of companies are analyzed, the shortcomings of their legislative regulation and the peculiarities of practical application by economic courts of various instances, especially the court of cassation, are revealed. The study conducted in the article contains an analysis and generalization of judicial practice in resolving corporate disputes, which revealed inconsistencies in the approaches of courts to law enforcement, taking into account the position of the Supreme Court, which allowed to develop recommendations for improving judicial practice. Ukrainian corporate law leaves room for finding new solutions and ideas for protection in corporate relations, despite the latest legislative novelties. The article outlines the ways of development of judicial practice using, in particular, comparative law, dialectical and applied methods. Thus, the basis for improving the legal regulation of this category of corporate disputes should be the experience of the existing case law of the Supreme Court. Emphasis is placed on such problematic issues as to who can be the subject when applying to the court for invalidation of the decision, respectively, what is the range of plaintiffs and defendants, cases are presented and analyzed in which the plaintiffs are not only members but also their successors (heirs) . Peculiarities of application of special statute of limitations to claims in case of invalidity of decisions of the general meeting, especially in the context of application of special statute of limitations to the relations which have arisen earlier are investigated.


Teisė ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 121 ◽  
pp. 45-61
Author(s):  
Marta Andhov ◽  
Deividas Soloveičik

The article conducts a comprehensive scholarly analysis of framework agreements – a public procurement technique often used across different European jurisdictions. Besides examining the general legal framework of the EU and Lithuanian law on framework agreements, the article also examines the newest EU case law. The authors analyse the relationship between the initial tender procedure establishing the framework agreement and the subsequent mini-competition that follows under the former to award the public contract. In contrast to the Lithuanian legal regulation and related case law, the authors argue that these two stages are interconnected and must be viewed as a unified part of the same procurement process in line with European legal doctrine. Finally, the article highlights the differences between framework agreements and public contracts.


Author(s):  
Ketevan Kokrashvili ◽  
Lasha Gorgadze

The issue of excluding a partner (removing a partner) from the company is one of the most important, very sensitive and controversial issues in corporate law. The legislation of different countries regulates this issue in different ways, but it is important that most countries, together with the decision of the General Meeting of Partners, to exclude a partner, require a relevant court decision that has entered into legal force. On the basis of a comparative analysis, the presented article discusses the possible reasons for the exclusion of a partner and the issues of legal regulation of the exclusion procedure. The fiduciary duties of a partner are analyzed as one of the important reasons for the exclusion of a partner from the company. Special attention is paid to legislative gaps and to the heterogeneity of the case law of Georgia in connection with the exclusion of a partner from the company. However, the article discusses the shortcomings of the new draft law of Georgia on Entrepreneurs, it is worth mentioning that the draft law was developed on the basis of the Association Agreement between Georgia and the European Union. Under this agreement, Georgia undertook an obligation to integrate Georgian corporate law into EU corporate law, in addition, in our opinion, the positions presented in the article will significantly develop and improve such an important institution of corporate law as the exclusion of a partner from the company.


2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 789-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Bueno ◽  
Claire Bright

AbstractSince the adoption of the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights the relationship between human rights due diligence (HRDD) and corporate liability has been a source of legal uncertainty. In order to clarify this relationship, this article compares and contrasts civil liability provisions aiming at implementing HRDD. It explains the legal liability mechanisms in the draft Treaty on Business and Human Rights and in domestic mandatory HRDD legislation and initiatives such as the French Duty of Vigilance Law and the Swiss Responsible Business Initiative. It compares these developments with the emerging case law on parent company and supply chain liability for human rights abuses. It explores the potentially perverse effects that certain civil liability provisions and court decisions might have on companies’ practices. Finally, it makes recommendations for the design of effective liability mechanisms to implement HRDD.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 539-550
Author(s):  
Vitalii Komarnytskyi ◽  
Tetiana Arifkhodzhaieva ◽  
Oleksiy Volodymyrovych Oderii ◽  
Volodymyr Viktorovych Kovalenko

The issue of security is a fundamental aspect in the maintenance of international relations, and such relations cannot be upheld without concrete laws and credible policies underlying the international scene. It is really essential and appropriate in setting strong international security on the international level. With all these in place, ensuring this international security has been a difficult task by actors on the international scene due to the multifacet of the various legal regimes with the diversified policy set up making the objective of international security a laughable phenomenon. The purpose of the article is to determine the characteristic features of the current state of the international security system, based on current situations in a particular region of the world, as well as to establish the relationship between various elements of international security. This great plague attacking international security has been of great questioning too many of the international scene as to what importance will security be necessary when it cannot be respected by those who claim in ensuring international peace and security? In answering this question, it will be appropriate for us in adopting empirical research to examine the various hurdles which can jeopardise international security. From the above outcome experience, one can say with any fear of contraction that the notion of international security is more of procrastination than a plausible redress. It is against this backdrop that we think much still need to be done in ensuring a place occupied by concrete international security, respected by all without violations. Keywords: international security, ways of improvement, international cooperation, effective interaction, sturdy policy. Keamanan Internasional: Situasi Saat Ini dan Cara Perbaikan Regulasi Hukum Abstrak Isu keamanan merupakan aspek fundamental dalam pemeliharaan hubungan internasional, dan hubungan semacam itu tidak dapat ditegakkan tanpa undang-undang yang konkrit dan kebijakan yang kredibel yang mendasari kancah internasional. Hal ini sangat penting dan tepat dalam menetapkan keamanan internasional yang kuat di tingkat internasional. Dengan semua ini, memastikan keamanan internasional ini telah menjadi tugas yang sulit oleh para aktor di kancah internasional karena multifaset dari berbagai rezim hukum dengan kebijakan yang beragam membuat tujuan keamanan internasional menjadi fenomena yang menggelikan. Tujuan artikel ini adalah untuk menentukan fitur karakteristik dari keadaan sistem keamanan internasional saat ini, berdasarkan situasi saat ini di wilayah tertentu di dunia, serta untuk menetapkan hubungan antara berbagai elemen keamanan internasional. Wabah besar yang menyerang keamanan internasional ini telah menjadi pertanyaan besar bagi banyak orang di kancah internasional tentang pentingnya keamanan apa yang diperlukan ketika keamanan tidak dapat dihormati oleh mereka yang mengklaim dalam menjamin perdamaian dan keamanan internasional? Dalam menjawab pertanyaan ini, sudah sepantasnya kita mengadopsi penelitian empiris untuk mengkaji berbagai rintangan yang dapat membahayakan keamanan internasional. Dari pengalaman hasil di atas, orang dapat mengatakan dengan ketakutan akan kontraksi bahwa gagasan keamanan internasional lebih merupakan penundaan daripada ganti rugi yang masuk akal. Dengan latar belakang inilah kami pikir masih banyak yang perlu dilakukan untuk memastikan tempat yang ditempati oleh keamanan internasional yang nyata, dihormati oleh semua tanpa pelanggaran. Kata Kunci: keamanan internasional, cara peningkatan, kerjasama internasional, interaksi efektif, kebijakan kokoh Международная безопасность: текущее состояние и пути совершенствования правового регулирования Аннотация Целью статьи является определение характерных черт современного состояния системы международной безопасности с учетом текущей ситуации в конкретном регионе мира, а также установление взаимосвязи между различными элементами международной безопасности. Государства выдвигают разные, иногда противоречивые предложения по совершенствованию системы международной безопасности, поскольку страны имеют разные возможности для реализации реальных мер по реформированию международной безопасности. Считается, что несколько самых влиятельных стран мира играют основную роль в формировании так называемой «повестки дня» в международной политике, в том числе в сфере безопасности. Их влияние основано на различных сферах общественной жизни. Развитые демократии Западной Европы и Северной Америки оказывают значительное влияние на международно-правовые отношения благодаря своему экономическому, культурному и политическому влиянию. В свою очередь, Россия и Китай в значительной степени повлияли на международную политику через ультиматумы и угрозы из-за своих собственных вооруженных сил, которые по-прежнему остаются если не лучшими, то одними из крупнейших в мире. Особое внимание обращается на тот факт, что Украина в связи с вышеуказанными обстоятельствами должна следовать курсу сближения с развитыми демократиями, чтобы добиться успеха. С учетом проведенного исследования авторами представлены предложения по совершенствованию правового регулирования международной безопасности. Ключевые слова: международная безопасность, защита интересов, международное сотрудничество, противодействие угрозам.


2020 ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
Anna Kolisnyk

Problem setting. In the context of the ongoing European integration processes, the issue of creating a modern, optimal and effective system of measures of state financial control over the activities of economic entities is becoming increasingly important for Ukraine. First of all, it is necessary to clearly and coherently regulate public financial control, in particular, its types, methods, forms, procedures, as well as the legal status of public financial control in order to prevent violations of financial legislation by economic entities and promote harmonization of the national economy. with the economic systems of other developed countries. Analysis of recent research. Some problems of legal regulation of state financial control have been studied by such scientists as: L. Voronova, O. Grachova, O. Dmytryk, M. Kucheryavenko, T. Latkovska, O. Semchyk etc. At the same time, as we have already noted, the imperfection of legislative regulation (the presence of conflicts and gaps in the regulation of public financial control), the imperfection of the system of public financial control and other factors necessitate further research and proposals for improving existing legislation. in this area. Thus, the purpose of this article is to analyze the current state of legal regulation of public financial control in Ukraine. Article’s main body. The article considers the legal regulation of financial control over the activities of economic entities in Ukraine. The need to improve the current legislation in the field of financial control was emphasized. It was emphasized that the legislator now prohibits tax audits for all taxpayers, regardless of their division into large, small and medium. Excluding large taxpayers from the list of taxpayers covered by the moratorium during the quarantine period without available grounds, in fact, violates the principles of tax law. Conclusions. It is emphasized that the relationship between business entities and regulatory authorities should be as flexible as possible and implemented in the form of public-private partnership. It is proposed to amend Art. 26 of the Budget Code of Ukraine and to consolidate the definition of “control over compliance with budget legislation”, as well as to determine the forms (methods) of its implementation.


2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 56-70
Author(s):  
N. A. Dukhno

The article, dedicated to the 210th anniversary of creation of a single Russian transport administration and transport education and based on historical information, analyzes the relationship between development of transport and transport law in Russia.The increasing need for legal regulation of more and more complicated and increasingly complex transport relations comprises development of transport law as one of the key tasks in achieving the goals of the transport industry.When considering the current state of transport law in Russia, various approaches to the composition and degree of autonomy of the transport law area, as well as certain regulatory issues, are analyzed.The general tasks of transport law in the sphere of regulation of the most relevant fields of transport activity are determined, the possibility of creating a single code of transport legislation and legal norms, the importance of intensifying transport and legal research are substantiated.


Author(s):  
Anastasiia Diadiuk ◽  

The article is devoted to the issue of legal regulation of the convening and holding of the general meeting of the joint-stock company in a remote manner (hereinafter referred to as - GMJSC). Corporate enterprises are interested in holding a remote GMJSC. A remote GMJSC, on the one hand, would not require the physical presence of participants (their representatives), and on the other - would guarantee the compliance of their interests and corporate rights during the meeting. The personal appearance of the participants has been established as the imperative method of conducting GMJSC. Absentee voting (polls) has limited application and therefore is not an alternative to the face-toface manner. The remote form of GMJSC introduced at the time of the pandemic provides a complicated and lengthy process. The main advantage of it is the depository system control over GMJSC. The restrictions imposed by the national regulator and the lack of convenience for shareholders deprive the company of the opportunity to use the remote method of conducting the CJSC. The experience of countries belonging to different legal systems has been compared. The advantages and disadvantages of «virtual (electronic)» or «hybrid» methods of remote meeting have been investigated. The bill, which proposes to enshrine in national legislation the concepts of «electronic general meeting» and «electronic voting» has been analyzed. It has been substantiated the need for further development of the normative procedure for remotely conducting GMJSC (on-line), both in emergencies and permanently of the company's decision.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuliya Samovich

The manual is devoted to making individual complaints to the European Court of human rights: peculiarities of realization of the right to appeal, conditions of admissibility and the judicial procedure of the European Court of Human Rights. The author analyses some “autonomous concepts” used in the court's case law and touches upon the possibility of limiting the right to judicial protection. The article deals with the formation and development of the individual's rights to international judicial protection, as well as the protection of human rights in universal quasi-judicial international bodies and regional judicial institutions of the European Union and the Organization of American States. This publication includes a material containing an analysis of recent changes in the legal regulation of the Institute of individual complaints. The manual is recommended for students of educational organizations of higher education, studying in the areas of bachelor's and master's degree “Jurisprudence”.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document