“I will Enter the Suitcase and I will not Make a Sound until we Pass the Border…”

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-137
Author(s):  
Özlem Hocaoğlu ◽  
Apak Kerem Altıntop ◽  
Nurcan Özgür Baklacıoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Children ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Research Center ◽  
The Political ◽  
Migration Policies ◽  
Child Migration ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Migration Experiences ◽  
Economic Transitions

The article elaborates the crossborder experiences and strategies of family divide and unaccompanied childhoods in the context of crossborder migrations and smuggling across Bulgaria-Turkey border between the years of 1990-2001. The authors dig into the longrun impact of smuggling and imposed illegality on the migrant children and the means, manners, strategies and dangers hidden within crossborder cyclical mobility and administrative construction of illegality under the political and economic transitions and turbulence across sending and receiving countries. Left to the forgetfulness of the history unaccompanied child migration experiences between Bulgaria and Turkey contain significant lessons in regard to the role of restrictive and security based visa and migration policies. Our study aims at further investigation and understanding of these experiences via fieldwork containing semistructured interviews with 13 smuggled children and their parents. The article begins with introduction to the political and economic conditions that led to irregularization of child migrations across Bulgaria-Turkey border between 1990-2001. It follows presentation of data collected during the Istanbul University BAP Research Center supported fieldwork and follows elaboration on the memories, experiences and prevailing perceptions of these crossborder experiences by the trafficked children and their parents.The article elaborates the crossborder experiences and strategies of family divide and unaccompanied childhoods in the context of crossborder migrations and smuggling across Bulgaria-Turkey border between the years of 1990-2001. The authors dig into the longrun impact of smuggling and imposed illegality on the migrant children and the means, manners, strategies and dangers hidden within crossborder cyclical mobility and administrative construction of illegality under the political and economic transitions and turbulence across sending and receiving countries. Left to the forgetfulness of the history unaccompanied child migration experiences between Bulgaria and Turkey contain significant lessons in regard to the role of restrictive and security based visa and migration policies. Our study aims at further investigation and under-standing of these experiences via fieldwork containing semi-structured interviews with 13 smuggled children and their parents. The article begins with introduction to the political and economic conditions that led to irregularization of child migrations across Bulgaria-Turkey border between 1990-2001. It follows presentation of data collected during the Istanbul University BAP Research Center supported fieldwork and follows elaboration on the memories, experiences and prevailing perceptions of these crossborder experiences by the trafficked children and their parents.

scholarly journals Prerequisites for self-determination and the sovereignty of Tuva (Russia) in 1921

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3C) ◽  
pp. 272-277
Author(s):  
Andrey Ivanovich Baksheev ◽  
Pavel Alexandrovich Novikov ◽  
Alla Lospanovna Mongush ◽  
Saida Vladimirovna Saaya ◽  
Julia Sergeevna Shepeleva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Determination ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
The Political ◽  
General Context ◽  
Declaration Of Independence ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
The Status ◽  
Soviet Russia

The article analyzes the prerequisites of self-determination and sovereignty of Tuva in 1921. Briefly, the general context of events is revealed, the main episodes and key personalities are listed. Using historical-genetic, comparative-historical and problem-chronological methods, the positions of Mongolia and Soviet Russia and their relationship on the status of Tuva, the organization and convocation of the All-Tuva Constituent Khural, which proclaimed the independence of Tuva, as well as the consequences of the declaration of independence of Tuva, were reconstructed. The role of the authorized representative of the Sibrevkom in Uryanhai I.G. Safyanov in this process is shown. In conclusion, the authors conclude that the emergence of a sovereign Tuva state was made possible both due to the contradictory political situation in Asia and due to the role of I.G. Safyanov in history. Since 1921, Tuva began to live and develop in the political and economic conditions created by the Constituent Khural.

scholarly journals NGOs and the Making of EU Migration Policy

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-383
Author(s):  
Tineke Strik
Keyword(s):  
Migration Policy ◽  
Institutional Context ◽  
Moral Authority ◽  
The Political ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Political Climate ◽  
The Public ◽  
Eu Legislation ◽  
And Migration

This article analyses the role of NGOs in the decision-making process of EU legislation on asylum and migration. It shows that during the first phase NGOs struggled to benefit from the Europeanisation of migration policy. The Commission and European Parliament were the most receptive to the lobbying activities of NGOs but they had only little influence themselves. NGOs faced many difficulties in being able to follow and influence the Council negotiations. As the institutional context of that time had made the Council extremely powerful, the final outcome of the ngo lobbying was close to zero. Their shift towards outsider tactics by using their moral authority did not mobilise the public either. The Europeanisation of asylum and migration nevertheless provides NGOs with additional avenues to use their expert and logistical authority. The current institutional context has strengthened their possibilities, though the political climate and the revival of intergovernmental methods constrain their success.

scholarly journals A ‘Great Deal of Discrimination is Necessary in Administering the Law’: Frontier Guards and Migration Control in Early Twentieth-Century South Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-53
Author(s):  
Rachel K. Bright
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
Migration Control ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Migration Experiences ◽  
British Colonies

This article provides a corrective to recent scholarship surrounding modern migration control, which has emphasised the shared origins of the legal systems created to control migration in the us, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand and Canada. The article demonstrates that the implementation of migration controls in British colonies was arbitrary. It uses the personal papers of Clarence Wilfred Cousins, the Chief Immigration Officer in the Cape, then South Africa (1905–1922), to demonstrate the role of frontier guards in shaping migration experiences. The article highlights the uses and limitations of using ‘ritual’ to understand migration control and how border spaces are experienced.

Funding the eu–Morocco ‘Mobility Partnership’: Of Implementation and Competences

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-301
Author(s):  
Leonhard den Hertog
Keyword(s):  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Policy Discourse ◽  
The Political ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Legal Literature ◽  
Political Struggles ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Eu

This article explores the role of funding under the ‘Mobility Partnership’ (mp) concluded between the European Union (eu), various Member States and Morocco. As most academic literature and policy discourse assumes a link between funding and policy implementation, this article enquires into how funding can help us understand implementation and the priorities set therein, and what alternative understandings of funding we could develop. By presenting evidence from the eu-Morocco mp, it is argued that looking at eu funding obscures rather than clarifies the priorities pursued in the cooperation on borders, asylum and migration. Drawing from the political sociology of public finances and from legal literature, this article understands funding as embedded in institutional, legal and political struggles over competences, and highlights the symbolic nature of funding.

Features of Formation of Properties, Characteristics and Qualities of Homo Political: Biopolitical Interpretation

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Костючков ◽  
S. Kostyuchkov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Conditions ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Relations ◽  
Genes And Environment ◽  
State And Society ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Random Substitution ◽  
Political Norms ◽  
Biological Nature

This article discusses the biopolitical studies of human behavior on the basis of genetic and environmental determination of its biosocial characteristics, examines the role of heredity and environmental conditions, with emphasis on the fact that human behavior is formed as a result of their combined influence, complicated interaction and interference of genes and environment. Particular attention is given to the process of political socialization of the individual and the phenomena of tolerance / intolerance, as a product of social interaction. It is emphasized that the political socialization of the person is a bivalent, bidirectional process of influence of the state and society to the individual in order to integrate him into the existing system of political relations, conscious perception by the individual political norms, values, attitudes. The author stresses the importance of biopolitical aspect of political socialization that involves relatively high autonomy of the individual in selecting political positions, their random substitution, as well as the ability to be guided by internal, sometimes unconscious preferences and beliefs. The conclusion is that the specificity of modern biopolitics is seen in concentrated interest in the problems of society, related both to the political, social and economic conditions of human existence, and with its biological nature.

scholarly journals Governing Migration through COVID-19? Dutch Political and Media Discourse in Times of a Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 379
Author(s):  
Maartje Van Der Van Der Woude ◽  
Nanou Van Van Iersel
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
The Political ◽  
Media Discourse ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Strong Emphasis ◽  
Migration Control ◽  
And Migration

This article explores the political and media discourse in The Netherlands around COVID-19 and migration. In so doing, it asks to what extent the dynamics of ‘governing COVID-19 through migration’ are visible in this discourse. By asking this question, the article builds upon the theoretical frameworks of ‘governing through crime’ and ‘governing through migration control’. Both theoretical frameworks place a strong emphasis on the role of discourse in framing certain social phenomena as a threat, concern or risk. By carrying out a discourse analysis on Dutch political and media debates around COVID-19 and migration in the period 1 January 2020–1 November 2021, the article illustrates that despite the linking of migration and crime not only being very visible but also seemingly normalized in this discourse, the links made between COVID-19 and migration were much more nuanced. Furthermore, although COVID-19 and migration were discussed together, the discourse does not show any evidence of governing COVID-19 through migration by using the pandemic to push for very restrictive migration laws targeting only ‘vagabonds’ while still allowing the mobility of ‘tourists’).

scholarly journals The Emergence and Development of the Muslim Political Identity in Kashmir 1846-1947

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 09-18
Author(s):  
Ghulam Q. Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Political Identity ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
The Political ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Political Consciousness ◽  
Political Groups ◽  
Constitutional Changes

The century long Dogra rule in Kashmir was tyranted and undemocratic that provoked resentment among the Muslim subjects. During this rule, the socio-economic conditions of the Muslims became unsympathetic which finally led to the political consciousness among them. The Muslims in the state started organizing themselves to raise their demands for reforms in education, employment, the structure of taxation, and constitutional changes among various other things. Eventually, the state witnessed the politicization of the Muslim community in the form of a series of protest against the Dogra rule from 1930 to 1947. As a result, Kashmir during Dogra rule saw the emergence and development of the Muslim political identity. This paper attempts to trace the formation of the sense of political identity of the Muslim community and the emergence and role of the religio-political groups in sharpening the political identity of the Muslims in Kashmir. The present Kashmir crisis lies in the hundred years before when Kashmir was ruled by the succession of Hindu Dogra rulers.

scholarly journals Economics and Labour Law in Britain: Thatcher's Radical Experiment

1969 ◽  
pp. 632 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. D. Ewing
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
General Election ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
The Political ◽  
Labour Law ◽  
Economic Experiment

Professor Ewing looks at the contribution of law to economic policy. In particular, the role of labour law in the great "radical economic experiment" which has been conducted in Britain since 1979, following the first of Prime Minister Thatcher’s three general election victories is considered. First, Professor Ewing outlines the political, legal and economic conditions inherited by Prime Minister Thatcher in 1979; next, the wide-ranging labour law reforms pursued since 1979 are examined; finally, the imply- cations and consequences of these developments are assessed.

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