scholarly journals ASSOCIATIONS AMONG FUNCTIONAL AND DYSFUNCTIONAL IMPULSIVITY: DIRECT AND INDIRECT EFFECTS ON SENSATION SEEKING IN YOUTH (19-25 YEARS OLD)

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-149
Author(s):  
Stanislava Stoyanova ◽  
Nikolay Ivantchev
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Dysfunctional Impulsivity ◽  
Processing Information ◽  
Speed And Accuracy

It is important to study the relationships between sensation seeking, functional and dysfunctional impulsivity to clarify the appropriateness and effectiveness of ways for seeking optimal stimulation. The aim of this study was to investigate if dysfunctional impulsivity had stronger direct and indirect effects on sensation seeking in youth with functional impulsivity as a mediator. Sensation seeking, functional and dysfunctional types of impulsivity were studied among 764 students from 19 to 25 years old by means of Radoslavova and Velichkov’s (2005) questionnaire. The results indicated that sensation seeking, functional and dysfunctional impulsivity correlated significantly and positively. Dysfunctional impulsivity was directly related to sensation seeking, as well as indirectly related to sensation seeking mediated by functional impulsivity. The findings also revealed that functional impulsivity was directly related to sensation seeking, as well as indirectly related to sensation seeking mediated by dysfunctional impulsivity. Dysfunctional impulsivity had larger direct effects on sensation seeking than functional impulsivity. Dysfunctional impulsivity also had larger effects as a mediator on sensation seeking than the effects of functional impulsivity as a mediator on sensation seeking. These findings suggest some deficiencies in the speed and accuracy of processing information, and the effectiveness of made decisions and implemented actions in search of optimal stimulation among youth.    

scholarly journals Direct and indirect effects of functional and dysfunctional impulsivity on sensation seeking in youth (19-25 years old)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (73) (1) ◽  
pp. 163-177
Author(s):  
Stanislava Stoyanova ◽  
Nikolay Ivantchev
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Dysfunctional Impulsivity ◽  
Processing Information ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Speed Accuracy

This study was focused on the relationships between sensation seeking, functional and dysfunctional impulsivity in youth. The aim of this study was to investigate the direct and indirect effects of functional and dysfunctional impulsivity on sensation seeking in youth controlled for gender and age in the group of 19–25-year-old. Radoslavova & Velichkov’s (2005) self-report paper-and-pencil questionnaire was used to measure sensation seeking, functional and dysfunctional types of impulsivity among 764 students. Dysfunctional impulsivity was directly and indirectly related to sensation seeking mediated by functional impulsivity and being statistically controlled for age and gender. Functional impulsivity also was directly and indirectly related to sensation seeking mediated by dysfunctional impulsivity with gender and age as controlled confound variables. Dysfunctional impulsivity had larger direct and indirect effects as a mediator on sensation seeking than the corresponding effects of functional impulsivity on sensation seeking controlling for age and gender. These findings suggest the possibility for existence of some deficiencies in the speed, accuracy, and effectiveness of processing information, making decisions, and implementing actions during the search for optimal stimulation among youth.

scholarly journals Separating direct and indirect effects of rising temperatures on biogenic volatile emissions in the Arctic

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (51) ◽  
pp. 32476-32483
Author(s):  
Riikka Rinnan ◽  
Lars L. Iversen ◽  
Jing Tang ◽  
Ida Vedel-Petersen ◽  
Michelle Schollert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Arctic Ecosystems ◽  
Voc Emissions ◽  
Local Climate

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are released from biogenic sources in a temperature-dependent manner. Consequently, Arctic ecosystems are expected to greatly increase their VOC emissions with ongoing climate warming, which is proceeding at twice the rate of global temperature rise. Here, we show that ongoing warming has strong, increasing effects on Arctic VOC emissions. Using a combination of statistical modeling on data from several warming experiments in the Arctic tundra and dynamic ecosystem modeling, we separate the impacts of temperature and soil moisture into direct effects and indirect effects through vegetation composition and biomass alterations. The indirect effects of warming on VOC emissions were significant but smaller than the direct effects, during the 14-y model simulation period. Furthermore, vegetation changes also cause shifts in the chemical speciation of emissions. Both direct and indirect effects result in large geographic differences in VOC emission responses in the warming Arctic, depending on the local vegetation cover and the climate dynamics. Our results outline complex links between local climate, vegetation, and ecosystem–atmosphere interactions, with likely local-to-regional impacts on the atmospheric composition.

Effect of Expectation and Disconfirmation on Postexposure Product Evaluations: A Causal Path Analysis

1979 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 803-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Taylor ◽  
Richard M. Durand
Keyword(s):  
Path Analysis ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Causal Model ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Hierarchical Analysis ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Product Evaluations ◽  
Variance Design ◽  
Causal Path

Oliver (1977) recently analyzed the direct effects of consumers' expectations and disconfirmation on posttrial evaluations of products using a hierarchical analysis of variance design. The research reported by Oliver is reevaluated and extended in this paper. A causal model is presented and path analysis used to assess both direct and indirect effects of consumers' expectations and a disconfirming experience on ratings of posttrial affect and intentions to purchase. Results suggest that (1) both expectations and disconfirmation influence postexposure ratings of affect with the experience of disconfirmation exerting the greater effect; (2) disconfirmation only indirectly influences intentions to purchase through its impact on affective evaluations; and, (3) expectations influence intentions to purchase in two different ways—both directly and indirectly through posttrial judgments of affect.

scholarly journals Path analysis for grain yield in barnyard millet (Echinochloa frumentacea (Roxb.) link )

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-150
Author(s):  
R Prakash ◽  
C Vanniarajan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Path Coefficient ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Path Coefficient Analysis ◽  
Barnyard Millet ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
Echinochloa Frumentacea

Path coefficient analysis was studied in 65 genotypes of barnyard millet to find out the association studies of characters and their direct and indirect effects on grain yield/plant. Results exhibited that single earhead weight had maximum direct effects on grain yield/plant followed by straw yield/plant, earhead length and plant height. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v44i1.22739 Bangladesh J. Bot. 44(1): 147-150, 2015 (March)

scholarly journals Stomatal Traits and Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.) Forage Yield in Drought Conditions of Northeastern Mexico

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1318
Author(s):  
Foroughbakhch Pournavab Rahim ◽  
Torres Tapia María Alejandra ◽  
Zamora Villa Víctor Manuel ◽  
Treviño Ramirez José Elías ◽  
Ngangyo Heya Maginot
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Lower Side ◽  
Infrared Technology ◽  
Positive Direct

Infrared technology is a practical, fast, non-destructive method that helps in forecasting plant development and can be used to select physiological traits, instead of other methodologies that require more time and breeding efforts. According to the statistical analyses and the relationship between the direct and indirect effects of the variables, this technology could serve as the basis for implementing a genotype selection methodology. Awnless barley was assessed in a randomized block design with three replicates in two crop seasons at Mexico’s northeastern region. Two samplings were carried out during crop development: at 75 and 90 days after sowing. The infrared and stomatal sensors were used to identify the direct and indirect effects of stomata’s traits on dry forage yield. The data were analyzed in a subdivided plot design, using mean comparison tests, correlation coefficients and path analyses, finding significant differences (p < 0.05) among localities and among samplings. Dry forage yield was significant and positively correlated with plant height (r = 0.578) and canopy temperature (r = 0.724), and negatively correlated with the leaf upper side stomatal width (r = −0.409) and the leaf lower side stomatal width (r = −0.641), chlorophyll content and vegetation index. Temperature, chlorophyll, density and leaf lower side stomatal index had the strongest direct effects on yield. Therefore, the infrared technology appears as a way to select high yielding awnless forage barley, to obtain the correlation, the positive direct effect of temperature and the negative effect of chlorophyll. Due to their direct effects, low density and low leaf underside stomatal indexes can also help in the indirect selection of higher yielding forage barley genotypes.

scholarly journals Psychological and Theological Predictors of Environmental Attitudes among a Sample of UK Churchgoers

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-244
Author(s):  
Andrew Village
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Environmental Attitudes ◽  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
Biblical Interpretation ◽  
Psychological Type ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Religious Conservatism ◽  
Biblical Literalism

Abstract This paper builds on previous studies of UK churchgoers by examining the factors that predict concern for the environment and willingness to make sacrifices to preserve it. A sample of 825 churchgoers from a range of denominations completed a questionnaire that contained items used to assess psychological preferences, biblical literalism, and a range of theological stances toward creation. Psychological variables showed both direct and indirect effects on environmentalism that were in line with previous work by environmental psychologists. Indirect effects were related to the way that some psychological type preferences either shape biblical interpretation or are associated with religious conservatism. Religious affiliation had no direct effects on environmentalism, but did have indirect effects through literalism and religious conservatism. Beliefs about dominion and eschatology directly reduced concern, but dominion was also positively associated with stewardship, which emerged as the main promoter of both concern and sacrifice.

scholarly journals Motivasi, Komunikasi, dan Kepuasan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Tenaga Kependidikan Pada Fakultas Insititut Pertanian Bogor

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
Sri Nooryani ◽  
Hendri Tanjung ◽  
Ibdalsyah MA
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Path Analysis ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
P Value ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Positive Effects

<p align="center">The path analysis shows that motivation has significantly direct and indirect effects to communication. Motivation does not have significant effects to performance but have indirect effects through job satisfaction. This is because motivation has significant direct effects to job satisfaction. Communication has direct and indirect effects to performance. The indirect effect is through job satisfaction. Job satisfaction has significant direct effects to performance.</p><p>The T-test results show that the effects of independent variables (motivation and communication) have significant positive effects to job satisfaction with p-value of 0.00. This value is less than alpha value (5%). Coefficient determination (R<sup>2</sup>) is of 0.741. This means that motivation and communication can explain the diversity of job satisfaction as high as 74.1% and the rest, which is of 25.9%, explains by other factors that are not used in this research. Independent variables (motivation, communication and job satisfaction) have significant positive effects to performance with p-value of 0.00. The coefficient determination (R<sup>2</sup>) is of 0.574. This means that motivation, communication, and job satisfaction can explain performance as high as 57.4% and the rest, which is of 42.6%, explains by other factors.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Hierarchical path analysis of deer responses to direct and indirect effects of climate in northern forest

2007 ◽  
Vol 363 (1501) ◽  
pp. 2357-2366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atle Mysterud ◽  
Nigel G Yoccoz ◽  
Rolf Langvatn ◽  
Nathalie Pettorelli ◽  
Nils Chr Stenseth
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Hierarchical Bayes ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Spring Temperature ◽  
Large Herbivores

A problem in climate studies has been on how to treat causal chains of explanations and both direct and indirect effects. Mammals in strongly seasonal environments of the boreal forest typically lose condition during winter and gain mass (and reproduce) during the summer season when biomass and plant quality peak. Mass decay of large herbivores during winter is due to direct effects of winter weather, such as increased costs of movement, thermoregulation and reduced access to food when snow is deep. Deer condition during summer is thought to be affected mainly indirectly by weather through plants. High spring temperature speeds up plant development, and deep snow can delay phenology in early summer. Current statistical modelling does not take into account these mechanistic pathways. We used hierarchical Bayes modelling to more mechanistically link global climate, local weather and plant phenology to autumn body mass of red deer in Norway. Red deer were much more affected indirectly through trophic interactions. No solid evidence of direct effects of snow depth was found on autumn body mass. We discuss the implications of our results relative to our ability to predict effects of global change on large mammalian herbivores in the boreal forest.

8. Remedies: direct and indirect effects and state liability

2020 ◽  
pp. 194-225
Author(s):  
Nigel Foster
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Procedural Law ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
Eu Directives ◽  
State Liability ◽  
Direct Applicability

This chapter examines the remedies developed by the Court of Justice (CJEU) for member states who violate European Union (EU) laws. It considers the concept of direct applicability and reviews the development of the doctrine of direct effects through an analysis of case law. The chapter proposes ways for overcoming the lack of horizontal effect for EU Directives to avoid the result of the ‘Marshall’ ruling and discusses state liability in the CJEU cases C-6 and 9/90 Francovich. These remedies are known as the enforcement from below as a part of the dual system of vigilance of EU law. It also considers national procedural law and the system of remedies developed by the CoJ.

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