scholarly journals SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP OPPORTUNITIES IN LATVIAN MUNICIPALITIES

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-41
Author(s):  
Ainars Brencis ◽  
Inga Sina ◽  
Ieva Brence
Keyword(s):  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Nongovernmental Organization ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Legal Form ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Local Municipalities ◽  
Set Up

Until 2018, there was no legal form in Latvia to regulate businesses that were not aimed at profit making. Therefore, non‐profit oriented organizations were forced to operate in a controversial legal status. The entrepreneur could choose to be a merchant, or to do entrepreneurship through a nongovernmental organization – which is not suitable for entrepreneurship. Local municipalities were also forced to act in a manner like entrepreneurs. In order to give their organizations autonomy, municipalities set up commercial companies that, according to Latvian legislation, were programmed to make profit. This led to a situation where the municipality, which ‘’a priori’’ operates for the benefit of citizens, when establishing a new municipal company must behave like pure merchant whose only aim is profit. In this study, the possibilities of local governments to engage in social entrepreneurship were studied by using triangulation of data obtained by different research methods. The work assesses the possibilities of local governments in Latvia to transform their existing organizations, establish new social enterprises, and entrust social entrepreneurship functions to social enterprises founded by the private sector.

THE IMPACT OF DECENTRALIZATION ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN UKRAINE

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyudmyla Mishchenko ◽  
◽  
Dmytro Mishchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Infrastructural Support ◽  
The Impact

The actualization of the results of financial decentralization in Ukraine as part of the reform of decentralization of power and the development of proposals for its improvement is explained by the fact that a clear division of functions, powers and financial resources between national and regional levels is the basis for the well-being of our citizens. opportunities for its sustainable socio- economic development on a democratic basis. It is noted that financial decentralization is a process of giving authority to mobilize revenues and expenditures of local governments in order to increase the effectiveness of the implementation of these powers and better management of community budgets. It is established that unlike traditional entrepreneurship, which focuses on profit generation, the purpose of social entrepreneurship is to create and accumulate social capital. Abroad, social enterprises operate successfully in the fields of education, the environment, human rights, poverty reduction and health care, and their development and dissemination is one way to improve the living conditions of citizens. A similar mission is entrusted to local governments, which allows us to consider the revival of social entrepreneurship as an important element in improving self-government policy. It is determined that in modern conditions social entrepreneurship is one of the tools to ensure the ability of the local community to provide its members with an appropriate level of education, culture, health, housing and communal services, social protection, etc., as well as plan and implement programs efficient use of available natural and human resources, investment and infrastructural support of territorial communities. Due to financial decentralization, local governments have received additional resources that can be used to create economic incentives to promote social entrepreneurship in small and medium-sized businesses at the community level.

TYPOLOGY OF SOCIAL ENTERPRISES AND SYSTEMATIZATION OF THEIR CLASSIFICATION FEATURES AS A COMPONENT OF THE FORMATION OF PUBLIC POLICY ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kulinich O.V. ◽  
Orel Yu. ◽  
Bykovets K.Yu.
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Social Programs ◽  
Legal Form ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Innovative Potential

The article examines the approaches to the classification of social enterprises by different classification features, such as: objectives and direction of using profit, priority sources of funding, the degree of integration of social programs and business processes, the degree of financial capacity, ways to create social enterprises, specifics of entrepreneurial activity organization, organizational and legal form, areas of activity, size, location, etc. A new approach to classification according to the criterion of innovative potential of enterprises is proposed.

scholarly journals Legal status of the agrarian exchange of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-40
Author(s):  
Anastasiia TEROSHKINA
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Operative Management ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Legal Form ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right

In this paper presents and analyzes the concept of the Agrarian Exchange from the point of view of scientists of the economic and legal community, as well as the legislative definition of the corresponding concept. Particular attention is paid to the study of legal documents designed to regulate the activities of the Agrarian Exchange, to establish its legal status. The issues of organizational and legal form and legal status of the property of the Agrarian Exchange are also revealed. Due to some similarities between the Agrarian and Commodity Exchanges, an analysis of the comparison of these two entities is given. The analysis allowed finding fundamental differences concerning the subjects authorized to create the Agrarian Exchange. At the same time, the paper proposes the need to create a subject of the agricultural market in such an organizational and legal form as a non-profit company. First of all, it will be correlated with the legal status of the property owned by the Agrarian Exchange. The possibility of participation in the founding activities of the Agrarian Exchange of large agricultural producers is also considered. But only if the Agrarian Exchange operates in a certain organizational and legal form, which may allow such participation alongside government agencies. That is why, the right of operative management of property, which has the Agrarian Exchange, is decisive for the legislator in the possible choice of organizational and legal form of creation of this entity. That is why the paper is aimed at encouraging the need to adopt a new legislative act that will clearly provide the nuances of the creation, operation and termination of the Agrarian Exchange.

scholarly journals Impact of globalization on the development of social entrepreneurship in Latvia

2021 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 08008
Author(s):  
Silva Jeromanova-Maura ◽  
Rosita Zvirgzdina
Keyword(s):  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Impact

Research background: Since April 1, 2018, the Law on Social Entrepreneurship has been in force in Latvia. Unfortunately, the relatively slow preparation and adoption of the law did not bring any benefits to social enterprises (Jeromanova-Maura et al., 2019). Few social enterprises have recently been set up, operating in a small number of business sectors. Various financial support instruments are available to social enterprises, which could promote the establishment of a social enterprise, but the negative attitude of society and understanding of people with special needs is an obstacle to the establishment of new social enterprises. It is in the interests of local governments to give more support to social entrepreneurship in their region. The aim of the article: to study and analyze the processes that have contributed to the faster development of social entrepreneurship and the impact of globalization on the development of social entrepreneurship in Latvia during the last couple of years. To achieve this, the authors have studied the experiences of different countries in the development of social entrepreneurship, focusing on the EU Member States and how globalization has affected the development of social entrepreneurship in each country. Methods: The study uses methods of analysis and synthesis, methods of deduction and induction, as well as methods of logical approach. However, appropriate quantitative methods are used to process the data obtained. Findings & Added Value: The paper aims to assess the impact of globalization on social entrepreneurship as well as the impact of Covid on the creation and development of social enterprises.

scholarly journals Public Councils as a Legal Form of Partnership between the State and Its Citizens

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-117
Author(s):  
Pavlo Krainii
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Communicative Action ◽  
The State ◽  
Legal Form ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Legal Forms

Today, the existence of every society and every state is marked with the presence of generally accepted phenomena that radically distinguish the legal status of an individual from his ancestors, who lived hundreds or even thousands of years ago. These phenomena are: democracy, legal society, human rights, good governance, participatory democracy, etc. The study of legal relations between an individual or a group of individuals and the state, represented by the system of government in one form or another, has been carried out by a large number of well-known legal scholars, sociologists, political scientists, and economists, all of whom offered numerous theoretical concepts, represented different scientific schools, and worked in various fields of research. The basic issue they have been trying to solve both in the past and at present is how an individual citizen or a group of individuals can influence the decision-making processes of public authorities that affect the interests of each of them. It turned out that the institutions we are aware of (like those of political parties, public organizations, unions) are not the only legal forms of association of the country citizens who seek to exercise public power and represent the interests of certain groups of their compatriots. The active changes that took place in the world after the Second World War, as well as the emergence of the third generation of human rights were a logical continuation of the growing influence of liberal ideas and views, which proved the existence of new scientific alternatives, ideas and concepts for developing the theory of deliberative democracy. The latter’s main objective was the idea of citizens’ active involvement in decision-making by the authorities and local governments, which consequently led to the phenomenon of public-private partnership. The article under discussion contains a legal analysis of the institution of public councils as one of the legal forms of such interaction through the theory of communicative action. At the same time, the paper will contain an attempt to analyze the current Ukrainian legislation that determines and regulates the legal status of public councils. This will enable to draw conclusions about the level of involvement of citizens in the decision-making process. In addition, the article will lay particular emphasis on a study of the already established and existing public councils in Ukraine, as well as will identify the positive and negative aspects of their activities, which will help to work out the problematic aspects of their legal status and offer practical ways to eliminate them.

Strategic Formulation and Implementation of Social Entrepreneurs

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Charles A. Oham ◽  
Okeoma John-Paul Okeke
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Social Entrepreneurs ◽  
Earned Income ◽  
Management Framework ◽  
The Public ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Strategic Management Framework ◽  
Analytical Tools

This chapter explores the theory and practice of strategy that social entrepreneurs deploy to run their ventures in a sustainable way. A critical link between strategy and practice of social enterprise is discussed in detail in this chapter. The chapter focuses only on the strategic management framework and adapts it to include business analytical tools that social entrepreneurs use such as TOC, ABCD, Forms of Capital, SROI, etc. Social entrepreneurs run businesses to generate earned income and reinvest profits back into the business for a social purpose rather than for personal gain like an entrepreneur. Social enterprises include and mean different things to different people, they include a spectrum of trading organisations, such as cooperative societies; charities involved in a trading activity like charity shops; civic enterprises set up by local governments; credit unions and microcredit organisation run by social entrepreneurs. SE missions and characteristics enable them to be very attractive to the public and stakeholders.

SİVİL TOPLUM KURULUŞLARINDA SOSYAL GİRİŞİMCİLİK EKONOMİSİ

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (27) ◽  
pp. 56-65
Author(s):  
Rıfat KARABAŞ
Keyword(s):  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Effective Field ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The World

Social problems are constantly increasing in the world and the most effective field of work for solving these problems is social entrepreneurship. Although a new concept of social entrepreneurship in the world and is rapidly gaining popularity in Turkey. However, social enterprises do not have a legal basis in Turkey. Therefore innovative social problems in Turkey and movement areas of social enterprises generating sustainable solutions are provided through non-governmental organizations. In addition, social enterprises create new business models with innovative and sustainable solutions to solve social problems. They also create employment with the business models they create. In this way, they contribute to the social and economic development of the country. Although not literally have no legal status in Turkey, they form networks of social enterprises and social enterprise are also available. However, many opportunities for the support of social initiatives and social enterprises in Turkey are also ideas. However, the field of studies should be expanded and social entrepreneurship should be more widespread. In this context, the number of social enterprises and collaborations to support them should be increased in order to solve the ever-increasing social problems. For these reasons, suggestions were made for the dissemination and strengthening of social entrepreneurship.

ToeHold Artisans Collaborative: Building Entrepreneurial Capabilities to Tackle Poverty

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (02) ◽  
pp. 187-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sindhu Shanmugam ◽  
S. Ramakrishna Velamuri
Keyword(s):  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Economic Stagnation ◽  
Effective Organization ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Self Help Groups ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Group Enterprise

Toehold Artisans Collaborative (TAC) is a project launched by the Asian Center for Entrepreneurship Initiatives (ASCENT), a non-profit organization based in Bangalore, to build entrepreneurial capacity in a community of footwear artisans of the small southern Indian town of Athani. Prior to ASCENT's involvement, which began in 1998, the artisans of Athani were making a subsistence wage, which did not even guarantee them two square meals a day. They could not send their children to school and were thus suffering from economic stagnation. TAC is an established Group Enterprise of 14 women Self Help Groups (SHG). Even though women's SHGs are the direct stakeholders, the men are not left out — they are treated as co-preneurs for all inputs, exposure to international fairs and production purposes. The front end of TAC is a customer-centric business enterprise that has taken the exquisite footwear brand 'ToeHold™' to challenging international mainstream markets. The backend is an artisan-centric social enterprise striving for improvement in the quality of life of about 400 artisans' families. The case documents how TAC was set up and evolved during the 1998–2006 period, the challenges it faced and continues to face, and the impact it has had on the artisan community. It is useful for examining the effective organization and running of social enterprises.

OSCAR Foundation: empowering lives through football

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Elsa Varghese ◽  
Meena Galliara ◽  
Manjari Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Social Enterprise ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Social Entrepreneur ◽  
Dropping Out ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Social Venture ◽  
Set Up

Subject area Social entrepreneurship, Social enterprise. Study level/applicability Masters Programme in Social Entrepreneurship, Social Work, Business Administration; Management Development Programme for Social Entreprenuers. Case overview Organisation for Social Change, Awareness and Responsibility (OSCAR) Foundation is a non-profit organisation registered in 2010 under the Bombay Public Trust Act, 1950. Born and raised in the slum colony of Ambedkar Nagar, Cuffe Parade, Ashok, the founder, grew up seeing his friends becoming a victim to many socially inappropriate behaviours due to dropping out of school. Inspired by the thought of breaking this vicious cycle, Ashok used football as a mechanism to instil essential life skills among children and youth and encouraged them to continue their education. The success of his pilot motivated him to set up OSCAR. Presently, through its various programmes, the organisation has reached out to more than 3,000 marginalised children and 500 youths and aims to reach out to 20,000 children by 2020. The case highlights the struggles of Ashok’s entrepreneurial journey and maps the new challenges in scaling up his enterprise. Expected learning outcomes The expected learning outcomes are as follows: to identify the characteristics of a social entrepreneur and ascertain the leadership skills required by a social entrepreneur; to scrutinise the life cycle of a social enterprise and develop insights to examine the unique risks and challenges faced at the start-up phase of the social enterprise; and to enhance the understanding of interrelationship between passion, mission focus and challenges to attain financial sustainability for a social venture. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email [email protected] to request teaching notes. Subject code CSS 3: Entrepreneurship.

scholarly journals Analysis of Financial Support Instruments for Social Enterprises in Latvia

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (340) ◽  
pp. 76-84
Author(s):  
Lasma Licite-Kurbe ◽  
Dana Gintere
Keyword(s):  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Social Entrepreneurs ◽  
Tax Relief ◽  
Grant Scheme

Abstract Social enterprises have positive effect on sustainable development, and they have become an important instrument for solving social problems (especially in rural areas), as the national and local governments alone cannot solve all such problems. To foster the development of social entrepreneurship, Latvia has introduced several support instruments for social enterprises, which include tax relief, privileged procurement contracts, grants, as well as non-monetary kinds of support. However, social entrepreneurs often point out that support from the national and local governments is insufficient, while the support instruments stipulated in the Social Enterprise Law are not widely used. Therefore, the aim of the research is to analyse national and local government support instruments for social enterprises in Latvia. The research found that the most important financial instrument fostering the development of social entrepreneurship in Latvia is a grant scheme administered by the Ministry of Welfare and the JSC Development Finance Institution Altum, which is available in the range of EUR 5000 to 200000 for investment and working capital. In the period 2017-2020, 94 social entrepreneurship projects with a total budget of EUR 6 million were supported, which could be viewed as significant financial support. In contrast, immovable property tax relief, exemption from enterprise income tax (on profits) and relief from this tax for several categories of non-business expenses are considered by social entrepreneurs to be an insignificant kind of support. There is also lack of experience and practice regarding the inclusion of social criteria in public procurement in Latvia.

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