scholarly journals BIOMASS PRODUCTION AND NODULATION OF GREEN MANURE LEGUMES IN COCONUT BASINS IN LATERITE SOIL AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON SOIL FERTILITY

CORD ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
G.V. Thomas ◽  
M.V. Shantaram
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Pueraria Phaseoloides ◽  
Green Manures ◽  
Laterite Soil ◽  
Nitrogen Yield ◽  
Calopogonium Mucunoides ◽  
Macroptilium Atropurpureum ◽  
Major Nutrients

Biomass production, nitrogen yield and nodulation by ten species of green manure legumes were compared in coconut basins in a root (wilt) affected garden under laterite soil type. Pueraria phaseoloides, Calopogonium mucunoides and Mimosa invisa were superior to others and yielded 28.45, 27.21 and 24.97 kg of biomass and 196.2, 186.5 and 187.6 g of nitrogen basin-1, respectively. The performance of Mucuna bracteata Crotalaria juncea and Macroptilium atropurpureum were also better with a biomass production of 16‑21 Kg basin-1 and nitrogen yield of 108‑140 g basin-1. Incorporation of green manures obtained from C. mucunoides, P. phaseoloides and M. invisa resulted in an increase in the level of major nutrients viz. N, P and K in coconut basin soils. Mineralisation of carbon was also greater in green manured coconut basin soils when compared to that in control. The increase in nutrient levels and mineralisation of carbon was more in treated basins at 30 days of incorporation of green manures when compared to the levels before the harvest of the legumes and at 60 days of incorporation.

scholarly journals Avaliação quantitativa e qualitativa da fitomassa de leguminosas para uso como cobertura de solo

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 947-949 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Tavares Nascimento ◽  
Ivandro de França da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Pueraria Phaseoloides ◽  
Crotalaria Juncea ◽  
Clitoria Ternatea ◽  
Canavalia Ensiformis ◽  
Calopogonium Mucunoides ◽  
Macroptilium Atropurpureum

Para uso como adubo verde em um experimento em Alagoinha-PB, avaliaram-se doze espécies de leguminosas: crotalária (Crotalaria juncea L), guandu (Cajanus cajan L), guandu anão (Cajanus cajan (L) Millsp), calopogônio (Calopogonium mucunoides L), feijão-de-porco (Canavalia ensiformis L), lab-lab (Dolichos lab lab L), kudzu tropical (Pueraria phaseoloides L), siratro (Macroptilium atropurpureum L), leucena (Leucaena leucocephala L), cunhã (Clitoria ternatea L), mucuna preta (Styzolobium aterrimum L), e mucuna cinza (Styzolobium cinereum Piper e Tracy), no DBC com 12 tratamentos, em parcelas de 20m2, com três repetições. Constataram-se as maiores produções de fitomassa para leucena, guandu, mucuna preta, kudzu tropical, feijão-de-porco e cunhã, enquanto que para a crotalária, a menor produção. A fitomassa do kudzu tropical mostrou-se com melhor qualidade para a incorporação.

Glucosinolate Production by Five Field-GrownBrassica napusCultivars Used as Green Manures

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 712-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte V. Eberlein ◽  
Matthew J. Morra ◽  
Mary J. Guttieri ◽  
Paul D. Brown ◽  
Jack Brown
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Green Manures ◽  
Winter Rape ◽  
Glucosinolate Concentration

Winter rape (Brassica napusL.) green manures have shown potential for erosion control and suppression of weeds and other pests in potato cropping systems. However, little information on residue cover, biomass production, glucosinolate concentration, and glucosinolate production with winter rape grown as a green manure is available. In field trials in southern Idaho, ‘Aspen,’ ‘Bridger,’ ‘Cascade,’ ‘Dwarf Essex,’ and ‘Humus’ winter rape were planted in mid-August and incorporated the following spring in late April or early May. All five cultivars provided > 80% fall, winter, and early spring residue cover. Winter rape dry weight just before incorporation was 2,880 to 4,462 kg/ha in 1994 and 5,438 to 7,837 kg/ha in 1995. The major glucosinolate in roots of all five cultivars was phenylethyl glucosinolate; the major glucosinolates in shoots were 4-pentenyl, 2-hydroxybutenyl, 3-butenyl, and 2-hydroxypentenyl glucosinolate. Glucosinolate concentrations varied between years, but concentrations were higher in Dwarf Essex and Humus than in Aspen both years. Glucosinolate production per hectare also was highest in Dwarf Essex and Humus and lowest in Aspen. Dwarf Essex and Humus produced higher amounts of isothiocyanate (ITC) and oxazolidinethione (OZT)-producing glucosinolates than Aspen, Bridger, or Cascade, and therefore may be better biofumigants.

scholarly journals Efeito de leguminosas nos atributos físicos e carbono orgânico de um Luvissolo

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 825-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Tavares Nascimento ◽  
Ivandro de França da Silva ◽  
Roberval Diniz Santiago ◽  
Luiz de França da Silva Neto
Keyword(s):  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Pueraria Phaseoloides ◽  
Crotalaria Juncea ◽  
Clitoria Ternatea ◽  
Calopogonium Mucunoides ◽  
Macroptilium Atropurpureum

A degradação de um solo sob cultivo é resultante, principalmente, de seu manejo inadequado, com reflexos nas baixas produtividades das culturas. Com a finalidade de avaliar o efeito de leguminosas nos atributos físicos e carbono orgânico (CO) de um Luvissolo, realizou-se, no município de Alagoinha (PB), um experimento entre 1997 e 1999, com as seguintes espécies: crotalária (Crotalaria juncea, L), guandu (Cajanus cajan,L), guandu anão (Cajanus cajan (L) Millsp), calopogônio (Calopogonium mucunoides, L), feijão-de-porco (Canavalia ensiforme, L), lab-lab (Dolichos lab lab, L), kudzu tropical (Pueraria phaseoloides, L), siratro (Macroptilium atropurpureum, L), leucena (Leucaena leucocephala, L), cunhã (Clitoria ternatea, L), mucuna preta (Styzolobium aterrimum, L), mucuna cinza (Styzolobium cinereum Piper e Tracy), e uma parcela com vegetação espontânea, como testemunha. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso em esquema de parcela subdividida, com distribuição de treze tratamentos principais na parcela (12 leguminosas + 1 testemunha) e três tratamentos secundários, representados pelas profundidades de coleta de amostras de solo (0,00-0,10; 0,10-0,20; e 0,20-0,30 m), na subparcela, com três repetições. Na condição edafoclimática deste experimento, durante os três anos de trabalho, constatou-se que o emprego das leguminosas em relação à testemunha manteve inalterados o CO do solo, a densidade do solo, a porosidade total, a argila dispersa em água e a estabilidade dos agregados do solo.

scholarly journals Efeito de leguminosas nas características químicas e matéria orgânica de um solo degradado

2003 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
João T. Nascimento ◽  
Ivandro de F. da Silva ◽  
Robeval D. Santiago ◽  
Luiz de F. da Silva Neto
Keyword(s):  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Pueraria Phaseoloides ◽  
Crotalaria Juncea ◽  
Clitoria Ternatea ◽  
Calopogonium Mucunoides ◽  
Macroptilium Atropurpureum

Com a finalidade de avaliar o efeito de leguminosas nas características químicas de um Luvissolo degradado instalou-se, no município de Alagoinha, PB, um experimento, de 1997-99, com doze espécies: crotalária (Crotalaria juncea, L), guandu (Cajanus cajan,L), guandu-anão (Cajanus cajan (L) Millsp), calopogônio (Calopogonium mucunoides, L), feijão-de-porco (Canavalia ensiforme, L), lab-lab (Dolichos lab lab, L), kudzu tropical (Pueraria phaseoloides, L), siratro (Macroptilium atropurpureum, L), leucena (Leucaena leucocephala, L), cunhã (Clitoria ternatea, L), mucuna preta (Styzolobium aterrimum, L) e mucuna cinza (Styzolobium cinereum Piper e Tracy) além do tratamento testemunha. Nesse estudo, o solo do experimento não recebeu adubo mineral nem corretivo. Avaliaram-se as características químicas do solo, nas profundidades 0-10, 10-20 e 20-30 cm. Os resultados mostraram efeitos significativos das leguminosas sobre a fertilidade do solo, em comparação com a testemunha, com incrementos significativos de pH e de cátions trocáveis, refletindo positivamente na CTC e no índice de saturação por bases. Na matéria orgânica não ocorreu efeito significativo entre leguminosas e testemunha.

scholarly journals Agronomic characteristics and yield of organic maize straw intercropped with perennial green manures

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Costa Arantes ◽  
Anastácia Fontanetti ◽  
Marcio Roberto Soares ◽  
Francisco José da Silva Neto ◽  
Alexandre Gonçalves Próspero
Keyword(s):  
Green Manure ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Green Manures ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Agronomic Characteristics ◽  
Maize Growth ◽  
Maize Straw ◽  
Calopogonium Mucunoides

ABSTRACT Maize intercropped with perennial green manure is an option to promote soil coverage, control weeds and recycle soil nutrients, in an organic system. This study aimed at evaluating the agronomic characteristics and yield of grains and organic maize straw intercropped with perennial green manures sown at different maize growth stages. A 3 x 2 + 1 factorial design was used, with three perennial species of green manure - calopogonium (Calopogonium mucunoides Desv.), tropical kudzu [Pueraria phaseoloides (Roxb.) Benth] and perennial soy [Neonotonia wightii (Wight & Arn) Lackey] - and two green manure sowing times - at the maize V4 (four expanded leaves) and VT (bolting) stages - plus a control treatment (maize monoculture). A randomized blocks design, with four replications, was used. Soil coverage, production of green manures dry matter and weeds, and maize growth and production variables were evaluated. The sowing of green manures at the V4 stage had a higher percentage of soil coverage, in relation to the VT stage. Calopogonium, when compared to the other green manure species, had the highest percentage of soil coverage (35.63 %) and dry matter (1.0 Mg ha-1). Perennial green manures grown intercropped with maize did not affect growth, grain yield and maize straw. However, they were not effective in suppressing weeds.

scholarly journals Effects of green-manure and tillage management on soil microbial community composition, nutrients and tree growth in a walnut orchard

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ningguang Dong ◽  
Guanglong Hu ◽  
Yunqi Zhang ◽  
Jianxun Qi ◽  
Yonghao Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Green Manures ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Walnut Tree

AbstractThis study characterized the effect of green manures (February orchid, hairy vetch, rattail fescue and a no-green-manure control) and the termination method (flail or disk) on nutrient contents, enzyme activities, microbial biomass, microbial community structure of rhizosphere soil and vegetative growth of walnut tree. All three selected green manures significantly enhanced the water content, organic C, total N and available P. The rattail fescue significantly decreased the mineral N. Total organic C, total N, mineral N and available P were significantly greater under flail than under disk. Hairy vetch and February orchid significantly improved levels of soil β-glucosidase, N-acetyl-glucosaminidase and acid phosphatase activity, whereas rattail fescue improved only β-glucosidase activity. All of the green manures significantly decreased phenoloxidase activity. β-glucosidase, N-acetyl-glucosaminidase and acid phosphatase activities were significantly greater under flail relative to disk. The termination method had no significant effect on phenoloxidase activity. The different types of green manures and termination methods significantly altered the soil microbial biomass and microbial community structure. The green-manure treatments were characterized by a significantly greater abundance of Gram-positive (Gram +) bacteria, total bacteria and saprophytic fungi compared to the control. Hairy vetch significantly decreased the abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) while February orchid and rattail fescue increased their abundance compared to the no-green-manure treatment. The abundance rates of Gram+ bacteria, actinomycetes, saprophytic fungi and AMF were significantly greater in soils under flail than under disk. In terms of vegetative growth of walnut tree, hairy vetch showed the greatest positive effects. The growth of walnut tree was significantly greater under flail relative to disk. Our results indicate that green-manure application benefits the rhizosphere soil micro-ecology, rhizosphere soil nutrient contents and tree growth. Overall, the hairy vetch and flail combined treatment is recommended for walnut orchards in northern China.

scholarly journals Perennial herbaceous legumes as live soil mulches and their effects on C, N and P of the microbial biomass

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Pereira Duda ◽  
José Guilherme Marinho Guerra ◽  
Marcela Teixeira Monteiro ◽  
Helvécio De-Polli ◽  
Marcelo Grandi Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Vegetation Management ◽  
Pueraria Phaseoloides ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Arachis Pintoi ◽  
Factorial Combination ◽  
C And N ◽  
Microbial C ◽  
Macroptilium Atropurpureum

The use of living mulch with legumes is increasing but the impact of this management technique on the soil microbial pool is not well known. In this work, the effect of different live mulches was evaluated in relation to the C, N and P pools of the microbial biomass, in a Typic Alfisol of Seropédica, RJ, Brazil. The field experiment was divided in two parts: the first, consisted of treatments set in a 2 x 2 x 4 factorial combination of the following factors: live mulch species (Arachis pintoi and Macroptilium atropurpureum), vegetation management after cutting (leaving residue as a mulch or residue remotion from the plots) and four soil depths. The second part had treatments set in a 4 x 2 x 2 factorial combination of the following factors: absence of live mulch, A. pintoi, Pueraria phaseoloides, and M. atropurpureum, P levels (0 and 88 kg ha-1) and vegetation management after cutting. Variation of microbial C was not observed in relation to soil depth. However, the amount of microbial P and N, water soluble C, available C, and mineralizable C decreased with soil depth. Among the tested legumes, Arachis pintoi promoted an increase of microbial C and available C content of the soil, when compared to the other legume species (Pueraria phaseoloides and Macroptilium atropurpureum). Keeping the shoot as a mulch promoted an increase on soil content of microbial C and N, total organic C and N, and organic C fractions, indicating the importance of this practice to improve soil fertility.

scholarly journals Economic analysis of rice and common bean production in succession to green manure crops and mecahnical soil decompression in Brazilian Savannah

Revista CERES ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vagner do Nascimento ◽  
Orivaldo Arf ◽  
Maria Aparecida Anselmo Tarsitano ◽  
Nayara Fernanda Siviero Garcia ◽  
Mariele de Souza Penteado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Green Manures ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Brazilian Savannah ◽  
Soil Scarification ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

ABSTRACT The previous cultivation of green manures and mechanical soil decompression are options to minimize compaction of the topsoil in no-tilage system (NTS) set in different production systems in the Brazilian Savannah. In addition, it is essential to relate these agricultural practices with the economic benefits generated through the production cycles. The objective of this study was to evaluate economically the effect of sporadic mechanical decompression of the soil and previous cultivation of green manure in the production and net gain margin of upland rice and "winter" common bean, under sprinkler irrigation, in NTS in lowland Brazilian savannah. This study was developed in the 2012/13 harvest and 2013 winter in Selvíria, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, in an clay texture Oxisol in the savanah in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, in a randomized block design arranged in a 5 x 2 factorial arrangement with four replications. The treatments were a combination of five green manures (fallow (control), Cajanus cajan, Crotalaria juncea, Pennisetum glaucum and Urochloa ruziziensis) with and without mechanical soil scarification. The yields of upland rice and common bean grains were not influenced by the previous green manure cultivation; the upland rice grown in succession to Cajanus cajan in the presence of mechanical soil scarification provided greater increase in grain yield and higher gross margin profit. Beans cultivated in succession to Crotalaria juncea and Pennisetum glaucum in the presence of mechanical soil scarification, followed by rice cultivation, provided greater increases in grain yield and gross profit margins.

scholarly journals DESEMPENHO DE BANANEIRAS CULTIVAR "NANICÃO" SOBRE COBERTURA VIVA DE SOLO NO SEMIÁRIDO

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 110-115
Author(s):  
MATEUS AUGUSTO LIMA QUARESMA ◽  
FÁBIO LUIZ DE OLIVEIRA ◽  
DIEGO MATHIAS NATAL DA SILVA ◽  
RUIMÁRIO INÁCIO COELHO ◽  
EDUARDO CÉSAR COSTA
Keyword(s):  
Pueraria Phaseoloides ◽  
Calopogonium Mucunoides

RESUMO: Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o crescimento vegetativo e a produtividade da bananeira cv. "Nanicão" cultivada sobre coberturas de solo com leguminosas herbáceas perenes no semiárido. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, em esquema de parcelas subsubdivididas no tempo, sendo nas parcelas o fator "A" constituído por três manejos de cobertura do solo, pelas leguminosas cudzu tropical ( Calopogonium mucunoides ), calopogônio ( Pueraria phaseoloides ) e solo descoberto (solo capinado), fator "B" nas subparcelas e plantas de bananeiras em três idades morfofisiológicas (diferentes ciclos e tamanhos), e o fator "C" datas das coletas nas subparcelas. O cultivo de bananeira em solo sob cobertura viva com calopogônio e cudzu tropical na região do semiárido promoveu aumento no número e peso do fruto, pencas e cachos.

scholarly journals Use of Crop Rotations, Cover Crops and Green Manures for Disease Suppression in Potato Cropping Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 153-168
Author(s):  
Robert P. Larkin
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Green Manures ◽  
Rotation Crops

Crop rotations and the inclusion of cover crops and green manures are primary tools in the sustainable management of soil-borne diseases in crop production systems. Crop rotations can reduce soil-borne disease through three general mechanisms: (1) serving as a break in the host-pathogen cycle; (2) by altering the soil physical, chemical, or biological characteristics to stimulate microbial activity and diversity; or (3) directly inhibiting pathogens through the release of suppressive or toxic compounds or the enhancement of specific antagonists. Brassicas, sudangrass, and related plant types are disease-suppressive crops well-known for their biofumigation potential but also have other effects on soil microbiology that are important in disease suppression. The efficacy of rotations for reducing soil-borne diseases is dependent on several factors, including crop type, rotation length, rotation sequence, and use of the crop (as full-season rotation, cover crop, or green manure). Years of field research with Brassica and non-Brassica rotation crops in potato cropping systems in Maine have documented the efficacy of Brassica green manures for the reduction of multiple soil-borne diseases. However, they have also indicated that these crops can provide disease control even when not incorporated as green manures and that other non-biofumigant crops (such as barley, ryegrass, and buckwheat) can also be effective in disease suppression. In general, all crops provided better disease control when used as green manure vs. as a cover crop, but the addition of a cover crop can improve control provided by most rotation crops. In long-term cropping system trials, rotations incorporating multiple soil health management practices, such as longer rotations, disease-suppressive rotation crops, cover crops, and green manures, and/or organic amendments have resulted in greater yield and microbial activity and fewer disease problems than standard rotations. These results indicate that improved cropping systems may enhance productivity, sustainability, and economic viability.

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