Synthesis, characterization and biological applications of biosilica based composites

Agricultural wastes like sugarcane bagasse, rice husk, wheat husk, rice hull are the cheapest sources of biosilica (BS). In this study, sugarcane bagasse was used to extract biosilica by chemical treatment and combined with silk fibroin (SF), Polyurethane Foam (PUF) and TiO2 to prepare a novel biocomposites BS/SF/PUF and BS/SF/PUF/TiO2. The prepared biocomposites were analyzed using FT-IR and SEM analysis. The presence of various functional groups and the formation of biocomposites were confirmed by the FT-IR studies. The SEM analysis displayed rough surface morphology of the biocomposites. The antioxidant properties were studied using the DPPH assay. The biocomposites exhibited excellent antioxidant properties. The antimicrobial activities of the biocomposites were studied against three bacterial (Bacillus sp., Klebsiella sp. and Proteus sp.) and three fungal strains (Rhizopus sp., Aspergillus niger and Candida sp.). The results revealed that the prepared biocomposites were active against the selected bacterial and fungal species

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Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activities of Mixed Ligand Complexes of Fe (II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu (II) Ions Derived from Imine of Benzidine and o-phenylenediammine

Iraqi Journal of Science ◽

10.24996/ijs.2020.61.11.2 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 2762-2775 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hayder Hamied Mihsen ◽

Suhad Kareem Abass ◽

Maysaa Taqe Abed –Alhasan ◽

Zainab M. Hassan ◽

Ali Kreem Abass

Keyword(s):

Metal Ions ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Appreciable Change ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Square Planar ◽

Bacillus Spp ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Apparent Stability

Binuclear metal complexes of the metal ions Fe (II), Co (II), Ni (II) and Cu (II) were synthesized by the reaction of these metal ions with the imine of benzidine (H2L) as a primary ligand and o-phenylenediammine (OPD) as a secondary ligand in a molar ratio of 2:2:1. The prepared complexes were characterized using CHN elemental analysis, FT-IR, UV-visible, molar conductivity, magnetic susceptibility and TGA-DTA thermogravimetric analysis. All the prepared complexes showed apparent stability and could be stored for months without any appreciable change. According to the results obtained by elemental and spectral analyses, a tetrahedral structure is suggested for all the prepared complexes, except for the copper complex which showed a square planar structure. The antimicrobial activities of these complexes were evaluated against Bacillus spp. (Gram-negative bacteria), Proteus spp. (Gram-positive bacteria) and Aspergillus niger (A. niger, a fungal species). The results showed that all the prepared complexes have no apparent effects on Bacillus spp. viability, whereas Proteus spp. and A. niger were affected significantly.

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Air Quality Assessment of Port Harcourt Urban Slums and Health Implications

International Journal of Pathogen Research ◽

10.9734/ijpr/2021/v6i230159 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 50-57

Author(s):

H. O. Stanley ◽

M. E. Amesi

Keyword(s):

Air Quality ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Urban Slums ◽

Candida Sp ◽

Suspended Particulate ◽

Port Harcourt ◽

Microbiological Parameters ◽

Fusarium Sp ◽

Aspergillus Sp ◽

Rhizopus Sp

This study was conducted to assess the outdoor air quality of some urban slums in Port Harcourt. Six sampling sites were selected, from the Port Harcourt urban slums; two sites from each slum represented with a suffix 1 or 2. The slums are designated Marine base (#1 and #2), RSU BG, Obudu 2, Bundu (#1 and #2). The air quality was analyzed using portable handheld air quality analyzer and the microbiological parameters were determined by standard cultural method. The study revealed that the sampled sites were laden with bacterial and fungal species. namely; Klebsiella sp., Micrococcus sp., Escherichia sp., Pseudomonas sp., Baccilus sp., Aeromonas sp., Streptococus sp., Serratia sp., Aerococcus sp., Proteus sp. Penicillium sp., Fusarium sp., Candida sp., Aspergillus sp., Mucor sp., Rhizopus sp. and Tricorderma sp. Highest obtained noise level was at Marine base 1 which was 66 db, highest relative humidity of 54.8% at RSU BG, CO2 (ppm) values of 4.8, 80, 796, 850, 638, 698 for Marine base 2, Marine base 1, Obudu 2, RSU BG, Bundu 1 and Bundu 2 respectively. The values for NO2 (ppm) was (0.05, 0.053, 0.071, 0.022, 0.035, 0.023), suspended particulate matter (ppm) was (7.1, 8.7, 9.5, 9.5, 6.2, 6.2), SO2 (ppm) was (0.42, 0.15, 0.50, 0.34, 1.26, 0.41) CO (ppm) was (4.8, 1.7, 2.2, 3.0, 3.9, 3.6) and volatile organic compound (ppm) was (1.0, 1.1, 0.9, 75 and 1.2). This study has shown that Port Harcourt urban slums are experiencing some degree of contamination not acceptable for healthy living that requires attention to curb. These areas require all-round improvement in sanitation. M Give one sentence on methodology.

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Characterization of Nanochitosan Incorporated Solid Polymer Composite Electrolytes for Magnesium Batteries

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.678.316 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 678 ◽

pp. 316-320

Author(s):

N. Ammakutti Sridevi ◽

K. Karuppasamy ◽

C. Vijil Vani ◽

S. Balakumar ◽

X. Sahaya Shajan

Keyword(s):

Sem Analysis ◽

Nanocomposite Films ◽

Solid Polymer ◽

Composite Polymer Electrolytes ◽

Ir Studies ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Low Toxicity ◽

Chitin And Chitosan ◽

Oxidation Degradation

Chitin and chitosan, the most abundant biopolymers possess several excellent advantages such as biodegradability, ecological friendly, biocompatibility, low toxicity, bioactive, antimicrobial activity and low immunogenicity. They occur as ordered crystalline micro fibrils and are useful in applications that require reinforcement and strength. Nanochitosan was prepared from chitosan by oxidation degradation method using H2O2. Nanocomposites polymer electrolyte system composed of polyethylene oxide (PEO) as the host polymer, magnesium perchlorate Mg(ClO4)2 as salt and different concentration of nano-sized chitosan as filler have been studied. The effects of addition of nanochitosan on the ionic conductivity of composite polymer electrolytes are investigated and it is found to rise upon one order (10-3 Scm-1). The complexation behavior of PEO and Mg(ClO4)2 are verified through FT-IR studies. The nanocomposite films possess uniform surface morphology which has been identified by SEM analysis.

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Pemanfaatan Cangkang Pensi (Corbicula Moltkiana) sebagai Bahan Penyerap Zat Warna Rhodamin B Dalam Larutan

Talenta Conference Series Science and Technology (ST) ◽

10.32734/st.v2i2.500 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Rahmiana Zein ◽

Mutia Khuratul Aini ◽

Hermansyah Aziz

Keyword(s):

Rhodamine B ◽

Sem Analysis ◽

Spectra Analysis ◽

Biosorption Capacity ◽

Biosorption Process ◽

Langmuir Isotherm Model ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Cationic Exchange ◽

Rhodamin B ◽

Model Isotherm

Biosorpsi zat warna Rhodamine B menggunakan cangkang Pensi (Corbicula moltkiana) telah dikaji. Percobaan dilakukan dengan system batch guna memperoleh kondisi optimum biosorspi zat warna. Kapasitas biosorpsi zat warna pada pH 2 adalah 0.9958 mg/g, dengan konsentrasi larutan mula-mula 150 mg/L waktu kontak 105 menit, massa biosorben 0.1 g, ukuran partikel 32 µm dan temperature pengeringan biosorben pada 75oC. Model isotherm Langmuir menunjukkan bahwa proses penyerapan berlangsung secara kimia dan biosorpsi homogeny dari adsorbat (Rhodamine B) pada permukaan biosorben membentuk lapisan tunggal dengan nilai R2 0.9966. Analisis XRF menunjukkan bahwa penurunan kadar unsur logam pada cangkang Pensi membuktikan bahwa proses biosorpsi berlangsung dengan pertukaran kation. Hasil analisis spektrum FT-IR membuktikan adanya interaksi antaramolekul Rhodamin B dengan gugus fungsi pada cangkang Pensi. Analisis dengan SEM memperlihatkan bahwa pori-pori cangkang Pensi telah terisi penuh oleh molekul Rhodamin B. Kondisi optimum biosorpsi telah diaplikasikan pada limbah kerupuk merah dengan kapasitas penyerapan sebesar 0,2835 mg/g. The biosorption of Rhodamine B dyes by Pensi (Corbicula moltkiana) shell has been investigated. The experiment was conducted in batch sistem in order to obtain the optimum conditions of dye biosorption. Biosorption capacity of dye was 0.9958 mg/g at pH 2, initial concentration 150 mg/L, contact time 105 minutes, biosorbent mass 0.1 gram, particle size 32 µ m and biosorbent drying temperature was at 75oC. The Langmuir Isotherm model showed chemisorption and homogeneous biosorption process of adsorbates onto the biosorbent surface formed monolayer dye molecules on the biosorbent surface with R2 value was 0.9966. XRF analysis showed that reduction of metals unsure quantity of pensi shell indicated biosorption process was occupied through cationic exchange. The result of FTIR spectra analysis indicated an interaction between Rhodamin B molecules and functional group of pensi shell. SEM analysis showed that the pensi shell pores were completely filled by Rhodamine B molecules. The optimum condition of biosorption has been aplicated in red chips wastewater industry with biosorption capacity was 0.2835 mg/g.

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Punica granatum as a Source of Natural Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Agent; a Comprehensive Review on Related Investigations

Current Drug Discovery Technologies ◽

10.2174/1570163817666200430001822 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

Author(s):

Atefeh Jalali ◽

Mohammadreza Kiafar ◽

Masih Seddigh ◽

Mohammad M. Zarshenas

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Natural Antioxidants ◽

Punica Granatum ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Natural Antioxidant ◽

Antiviral Activities ◽

Natural Foods

Background: The consumption of natural antioxidants is increasing due to the demand and tendency to natural foods. Punica granatum L. [Punicaceae] is a fruit with various bioactive ingredients. The effectiveness of this plant has been proved against various disorders such as hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, blood coagulation, infections, cancer, and dentistry. Among them, there are numerous researches on antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Subsequently, the present study aimed to compile a review of those properties to outline this herb as a possible natural antioxidant and preservative. Methods: Synchronically, keywords "Punica granatum" with antimicrobial, or antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antioxidant and radical scavenging were searched through "Scopus" database up to 31st September 2019. Papers focusing on agriculture, genetics, chemistry, and environmental sciences were excluded and also related papers were collected. Results: Among 201 papers focusing on related activities, 111 papers have dealt with antioxidant activities focusing based on DPPH assay, 59 with antibacterial, on both gram+ and gram- bacteria, 24 with antifungal effects, mostly on Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans, and 7 papers with antiviral activities. There were about 50 papers focusing on in-vivo antioxidant activities of this plant. Conclusion: Taken together, botanical parts of P. granatum have possessed notable radical scavenging and antimicrobial activities that with these properties, this plant can be introduced as a natural safe source of preservative and antioxidant. Accordingly, P. granatum can be applied as excipient with the aforementioned properties in the pharmaceutical and food industries.

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Extraction of sugarcane bagasse arabinoxylan, integrated with enzymatic production of xylo-oligosaccharides and separation of cellulose

Biotechnology for Biofuels ◽

10.1186/s13068-021-01993-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Leila Khaleghipour ◽

Javier A. Linares-Pastén ◽

Hamid Rashedi ◽

Seyed Omid Ranaei Siadat ◽

Andrius Jasilionis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sugarcane Bagasse ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Value Added ◽

Apparent Molecular Weight ◽

Bacillus Halodurans ◽

Glycoside Hydrolase Family ◽

High Concentration ◽

Enzymatic Production ◽

Successful Separation ◽

Ft Ir

AbstractSugarcane processing roughly generates 54 million tonnes sugarcane bagasse (SCB)/year, making SCB an important material for upgrading to value-added molecules. In this study, an integrated scheme was developed for separating xylan, lignin and cellulose, followed by production of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) from SCB. Xylan extraction conditions were screened in: (1) single extractions in NaOH (0.25, 0.5, or 1 M), 121 °C (1 bar), 30 and 60 min; (2) 3 × repeated extraction cycles in NaOH (1 or 2 M), 121 °C (1 bar), 30 and 60 min or (3) pressurized liquid extractions (PLE), 100 bar, at low alkalinity (0–0.1 M NaOH) in the time and temperature range 10–30 min and 50–150 °C. Higher concentration of alkali (2 M NaOH) increased the xylan yield and resulted in higher apparent molecular weight of the xylan polymer (212 kDa using 1 and 2 M NaOH, vs 47 kDa using 0.5 M NaOH), but decreased the substituent sugar content. Repeated extraction at 2 M NaOH, 121 °C, 60 min solubilized both xylan (85.6% of the SCB xylan), and lignin (84.1% of the lignin), and left cellulose of high purity (95.8%) in the residuals. Solubilized xylan was separated from lignin by precipitation, and a polymer with β-1,4-linked xylose backbone substituted by arabinose and glucuronic acids was confirmed by FT-IR and monosaccharide analysis. XOS yield in subsequent hydrolysis by endo-xylanases (from glycoside hydrolase family 10 or 11) was dependent on extraction conditions, and was highest using xylan extracted by 0.5 M NaOH, (42.3%, using Xyn10A from Bacillus halodurans), with xylobiose and xylotriose as main products. The present study shows successful separation of SCB xylan, lignin, and cellulose. High concentration of alkali, resulted in xylan with lower degree of substitution (especially reduced arabinosylation), while high pressure (using PLE), released more lignin than xylan. Enzymatic hydrolysis was more efficient using xylan extracted at lower alkaline strength and less efficient using xylan obtained by PLE and 2 M NaOH, which may be a consequence of polymer aggregation, via remaining lignin interactions.

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Synthesis and antioxidant properties of 2-(3-(hydroxyimino)methyl)-1H-indol-1-yl)acetamide derivatives

Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.1186/s43094-020-00090-6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Chandravadivelu Gopi ◽

Magharla Dasaratha Dhanaraju

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Condensation Reaction ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Side Chain ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

H Nmr ◽

Antioxidant Agents ◽

Phenyl Rings ◽

Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power ◽

Ft Ir

Abstract Background The main aim of this work was to synthesise a novel N-(substituted phenyl)-2-(3-(hydroxyimino) methyl)-1H-indol-1-yl) acetamide derivatives and evaluate their antioxidant activity. These compounds were prepared by a condensation reaction between 1H-indole carbaldehyde oxime and 2-chloro acetamide derivatives. The newly synthesised compound structures were characterised by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, mass spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Furthermore, the above-mentioned compounds were screened for antioxidant activity by using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) methods. Result The antioxidant activity result reveals that most of the compounds were exhibiting considerable activity in both methods and the values are very closer to the standards. Among the synthesised compounds, compound 3j, 3a and 3k were shown remarkable activity at low concentration. Conclusion Compounds 3j, 3a and 3k were shown highest activity among the prepared analogues due to the attachment of halogens connected at the appropriate place in the phenyl ring. Hence, these substituted phenyl rings considered as a perfect side chain for the indole nucleus for the development of the new antioxidant agents.

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Incorporation of silver stearate nanoparticles in methacrylate polymeric monoliths for hemeprotein isolation

Open Chemistry ◽

10.1515/chem-2020-0051 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 399-411

Author(s):

Eman Alzahrani

Keyword(s):

Noble Metals ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Sem Analysis ◽

X Ray ◽

Polymeric Scaffold ◽

Extended Surface ◽

Unique Method ◽

Unique Approach ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Ft Ir Spectroscopy

AbstractA unique method was used to synthesize extremely stable silver stearate nanoparticles (AgStNPs) incorporated in an organic-based monolith. The facile strategy was then used to selectively isolate hemeproteins, myoglobin (Myo) and hemoglobin (Hb). Ethyl alcohol, silver nitrate, and stearic acid were, respectively, utilized as reducing agents, silver precursors, and capping agents. The color changed to cloudy from transparent, indicating that AgStNPs had been formed. AgStNP nanostructures were then distinctly integrated into the natural polymeric scaffold. To characterize the AgStNP–methacrylate polymeric monolith and the silver nanoparticles, energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy were used. The results of the SEM analysis indicated that the AgStNP–methacrylate polymeric monolith’s texture was so rough in comparison with that of the methacrylate polymeric monolith, indicating that the extraction process of the monolith materials would be more efficient because of the extended surface area of the absorbent. The comparison between the FT-IR spectra of AgStNPs, the bare organic monolith, and AgStNP–methacrylate polymeric monolith confirms that the AgStNPs were immobilized on the surface of the organic monolith. The EDX profile of the built materials indicated an advanced peak of the Ag sequence which represented an Ag atom of 3.27%. The results therefore established that the AgStNPs had been successfully integrated into the monolithic materials. Extraction efficiencies of 92% and 97% were used to, respectively, recover preconcentrated Myo and Hb. An uncomplicated method is a unique approach of both fabrication and utilization of the nanosorbent to selectively isolate hemeproteins. The process can further be implemented by using other noble metals.

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Biological and Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Arginine-Rich Peptide Gemini Surfactants with Lysine and Cystine Spacers

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22073299 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (7) ◽

pp. 3299

Author(s):

Damian Neubauer ◽

Maciej Jaśkiewicz ◽

Marta Bauer ◽

Agata Olejniczak-Kęder ◽

Emilia Sikorska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Cationic Surfactants ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Gemini Surfactants ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Critical Aggregation Concentration ◽

Cytotoxic Activities ◽

Candida Sp ◽

Enhanced Selectivity

Ultrashort cationic lipopeptides (USCLs) and gemini cationic surfactants are classes of potent antimicrobials. Our recent study has shown that the branching and shortening of the fatty acids chains with the simultaneous addition of a hydrophobic N-terminal amino acid in USCLs result in compounds with enhanced selectivity. Here, this approach was introduced into arginine-rich gemini cationic surfactants. L-cystine diamide and L-lysine amide linkers were used as spacers. Antimicrobial activity against planktonic and biofilm cultures of ESKAPE (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp.) strains and Candida sp. as well as hemolytic and cytotoxic activities were examined. Moreover, antimicrobial activity in the presence of human serum and the ability to form micelles were evaluated. Membrane permeabilization study, serum stability assay, and molecular dynamics were performed. Generally, critical aggregation concentration was linearly correlated with hydrophobicity. Gemini surfactants were more active than the parent USCLs, and they turned out to be selective antimicrobial agents with relatively low hemolytic and cytotoxic activities. Geminis with the L-cystine diamide spacer seem to be less cytotoxic than their L-lysine amide counterparts, but they exhibited lower antibiofilm and antimicrobial activities in serum. In some cases, geminis with branched fatty acid chains and N-terminal hydrophobic amino acid resides exhibited enhanced selectivity to pathogens over human cells.

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