The Effects of Itikaf on State-Trait Anger, Intrinsic Religiousness, and Subjective Well-Being

Itikaf (seclusion in a mosque) is prayer maintained with deep hunger during Ramadan, the month of fasting. Hunger has a positive psychological impact on people. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of itikaf on spirituality and mental health by examining its effects on anger control and subjective well-being. This experimenal study investigates the effects and changes on trait anger, intrinsic religiousness, and subjective well-being during the period of itikaf on healthy adults practicing itikaf worship. While a statistically significant difference exists between the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory and Subjective Well-Being Inventory scores collected before and after the itikaf (p < 0.05), no statistically significant difference has been found for the scores from the Intrinsic Religiousness Scale before and after the itikaf (p > 0.05). At the end of itikaf, anger-control scores were observed to increase as anger scores decreased. A significant difference has been observed in the Subjective Well-Being Inventory and State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory posttests in terms of the duration of the fast. Itikaf has been found to have positive psychological effects due to being an intensive worship program.

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Psychological Effects of Whole-body Electromyostimulation Training: a Controlled Pilot Study in Healthy Volunteers

Sports Medicine - Open ◽

10.1186/s40798-021-00325-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Christian Keicher ◽

Lena Pyrkosch ◽

Bernd Wolfarth ◽

Andreas Ströhle

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Mood State ◽

Psychological Impact ◽

Training Session ◽

Well Being ◽

Current Level ◽

Psychological Effects ◽

Whole Body ◽

Subjective Well Being ◽

Visual Analog Scales

Abstract Background Whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) training is used in popular and health sports to improve muscular performance. Little is known about the possible psychological effects of WB-EMS training. The aim of the study is therefore to investigate the possible psychological effects of WB-EMS training on subjective well-being, relaxation, mood, and perceived stress. Materials and Methods Twenty-five healthy subjects underwent conventional WB-EMS training and Sham training (without the application of electrical stimulation) as part of a randomized, controlled pilot study in a crossover design. Subjective well-being and subjective relaxation were assessed using visual analog scales, the current state of mood was assessed with Multidimensional Mood State Questionnaires (MDBF), and the current level of stress was assessed with Recovery–Stress Questionnaires/Erholungs-Belastungs-Fragebögen (RESTQEBF) before and after training. Results WB-EMS training has a statistically significant positive effect on subjective well-being and subjective relaxation, as well as on the awake subscale of the MDBF. No significant main effect of sequence and no interaction effects were found. Also, compared to a Sham training session, a single WB-EMS training session had no significant effect on mood, nervousness, or the current level of stress. Conclusion Besides physiological effects, WB-EMS might also have a strong psychological impact. WB-EMS could be beneficial for people who, due to their limitations, have problems training on a regular basis and with adequate training intensity. Trial Registration German Clinical Trials Register, DRKS00012583, 22 June 2017.

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New Digital Media and Flow: A Study of Experience

Creativity Theories – Research – Applications ◽

10.1515/ctra-2016-0021 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 343-362 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Daniel T. Gruner

Keyword(s):

Social Networking ◽

Digital Media ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Energy Levels ◽

Psychological Impact ◽

Well Being ◽

Psychological Effects ◽

Daily Activities ◽

Subjective Well Being

AbstractThe burgeoning use of new digital media (NDM) platforms for social networking such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram has consistently been associated with out-group prejudice, less prosocial behaviour, less fulfilling friendships, and lower levels of moral reflection, integrity, and subjective well-being. But the context of NDM use is often neglected when examining its psychological effects. Moreover, such studies are limited to retrospective accounts and can benefit from examining episodic experiences of flow, boredom, apathy, and anxiety. Drawing on data collected using the Experience Sampling Method (ESM), this study assessed the psychological impact of social networking on low and high media users. Participants (N = 65) were signaled six times per day for seven days and asked to respond to brief surveys about subjective momentary experiences. Findings indicated that high media users, on average, reported less positive moods, and also reported being significantly less creative and less energetic each day. Further, high media users reported deriving less meaning from daily activities, and were marginally less satisfied with the overall quality of their week than their low media user counterparts. When comparing all media users across flow quadrants, creativity, meaning, engagement, and energy levels were highest in flow, and substantially decreased across the remaining quadrants. Notably, self reported mood was slightly higher during instances of boredom than flow. However, a more nuanced comparison of these outcomes revealed that high media users reported being marginally more creative and engaged during boredom, thereby identifying differences in how the two groups approached social media.

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Pelatihan Mindfulness Teaching untuk Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Subjektif Guru Sekolah Inklusi

Psympathic Jurnal ilmiah Psikologi ◽

10.15575/psy.v7i1.8241 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 49-60

Author(s):

Ulin Nuha Rahmawati ◽

Fuad Nashori ◽

Ratna S. Rachmahana

Keyword(s):

Satisfaction With Life ◽

Well Being ◽

Satisfaction With Life Scale ◽

Control Group ◽

Subjective Well Being ◽

School Teachers ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

Inclusive School

This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of mindfulness teaching training in improving the subjective well-being of teachers in an inclusive school in Yogyakarta. This research used non-randomized pretest-posttest control group design. There were 22 respondents which divided into 11 respondents for treatment group and 11 respondents for control group. They were asked to complete a survey consists of the satisfaction with life scale (SWLS) and positive and negative scale (PANAS) before and after experiment. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the subjective well-being of inclusive school teachers group given mindfulness teaching training and that of the teachers in the teachers group without mindfulness teaching training. This finding indicates that mindfulness teaching training was effective to improve inclusive school teachers’ subjective well-being.

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Subjective Well-Being of Chinese Sina Weibo Users in Residential Lockdown During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Machine Learning Analysis (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.24775 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yilin Wang ◽

Peijing Wu ◽

Xiaoqian Liu ◽

Sijia Li ◽

Tingshao Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

Psychological Intervention ◽

Psychological Impact ◽

Well Being ◽

Subjective Well Being ◽

Paranoid Ideation ◽

Sina Weibo ◽

Rapid Spread ◽

Before And After ◽

Learning Analysis

BACKGROUND During the COVID-19 pandemic, residential lockdowns were implemented in numerous cities in China to contain the rapid spread of the disease. Although these stringent regulations effectively slowed the spread of COVID-19, they may have posed challenges to the well-being of residents. OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore the effects of residential lockdown on the subjective well-being (SWB) of individuals in China during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS The sample consisted of 1790 Sina Weibo users who were residents of cities that imposed residential lockdowns, of which 1310 users (73.18%) were female, and 3580 users who were residents of cities that were not locked down (gender-matched with the 1790 lockdown residents). In both the lockdown and nonlockdown groups, we calculated SWB indicators during the 2 weeks before and after the enforcement date of the residential lockdown using individuals’ original posts on Sina Weibo. SWB was calculated via online ecological recognition, which is based on established machine learning predictive models. RESULTS The interactions of time (before the residential lockdown or after the residential lockdown) × area (lockdown or nonlockdown) in the integral analysis (N=5370) showed that after the residential lockdown, compared with the nonlockdown group, the lockdown group scored lower in some negative SWB indicators, including somatization (F1,5368=13.593, P<.001) and paranoid ideation (F1,5368=14.333, P<.001). The interactions of time (before the residential lockdown or after the residential lockdown) × area (developed or underdeveloped) in the comparison of residential lockdown areas with different levels of economic development (N=1790) indicated that the SWB of residents in underdeveloped areas showed no significant change after the residential lockdown (P>.05), while that of residents in developed areas changed. CONCLUSIONS These findings increase our understanding of the psychological impact and cost of residential lockdown during an epidemic. The more negative changes in the SWB of residents in developed areas imply a greater need for psychological intervention under residential lockdown in such areas.

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Subjective Well-Being of Chinese Sina Weibo Users in Residential Lockdown During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Machine Learning Analysis

Journal of Medical Internet Research ◽

10.2196/24775 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (12) ◽

pp. e24775

Author(s):

Yilin Wang ◽

Peijing Wu ◽

Xiaoqian Liu ◽

Sijia Li ◽

Tingshao Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

Psychological Intervention ◽

Psychological Impact ◽

Well Being ◽

Subjective Well Being ◽

Paranoid Ideation ◽

Sina Weibo ◽

Rapid Spread ◽

Before And After ◽

Learning Analysis

Background During the COVID-19 pandemic, residential lockdowns were implemented in numerous cities in China to contain the rapid spread of the disease. Although these stringent regulations effectively slowed the spread of COVID-19, they may have posed challenges to the well-being of residents. Objective This study aims to explore the effects of residential lockdown on the subjective well-being (SWB) of individuals in China during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods The sample consisted of 1790 Sina Weibo users who were residents of cities that imposed residential lockdowns, of which 1310 users (73.18%) were female, and 3580 users who were residents of cities that were not locked down (gender-matched with the 1790 lockdown residents). In both the lockdown and nonlockdown groups, we calculated SWB indicators during the 2 weeks before and after the enforcement date of the residential lockdown using individuals’ original posts on Sina Weibo. SWB was calculated via online ecological recognition, which is based on established machine learning predictive models. Results The interactions of time (before the residential lockdown or after the residential lockdown) × area (lockdown or nonlockdown) in the integral analysis (N=5370) showed that after the residential lockdown, compared with the nonlockdown group, the lockdown group scored lower in some negative SWB indicators, including somatization (F1,5368=13.593, P<.001) and paranoid ideation (F1,5368=14.333, P<.001). The interactions of time (before the residential lockdown or after the residential lockdown) × area (developed or underdeveloped) in the comparison of residential lockdown areas with different levels of economic development (N=1790) indicated that the SWB of residents in underdeveloped areas showed no significant change after the residential lockdown (P>.05), while that of residents in developed areas changed. Conclusions These findings increase our understanding of the psychological impact and cost of residential lockdown during an epidemic. The more negative changes in the SWB of residents in developed areas imply a greater need for psychological intervention under residential lockdown in such areas.

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Anger, Curiosity, and Optimism

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1994.75.3f.1523 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 75 (3_suppl) ◽

pp. 1523-1528 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

A. L. Comunian

Keyword(s):

Anger Expression ◽

Well Being ◽

Trait Anger ◽

Anger Control ◽

Control Scale ◽

Life Orientation Test ◽

Life Orientation ◽

Potential Measure ◽

The Relationship ◽

Orientation Test

We examined with 500 Italian subjects the relationship between the subscales of the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory and a measure of the sense of well-being, the Life Orientation Test. As predicted, associations were not significant with scores on the scale of optimism; however, all coefficients were negative and the smallest ones were with the Anger Control scale. We also correlated scores on state and trait curiosity with those on 3 anger-expression scales; values indicated these dimensions were also unrelated to anger. The results indicate that, while anger has been proposed as an important component in the association of emotions with health, the specific type of anger expression may not be critical for one's sense of well-being. They also suggest that the construct of curiosity deserves further study as a potential measure of one's sense of well-being.

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Trait Anger and Anger Expression Styles in Muay Thai Athletes

Journal of Education and Learning ◽

10.5539/jel.v9n1p258 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 258

Author(s):

Ferhat Ustun ◽

Erdal Tasgin

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

University Students ◽

Primary School ◽

Female Athletes ◽

Anger Expression ◽

Trait Anger ◽

School Graduate ◽

Anger Control ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Anger Expressions

In this research, Muay Thai athletes who are university students have been examined by evaluating trait anger and anger expressions in terms of some variables. One hundred and ninety-five Muay Thai Athletes from Turkey Muay Thai Championship between universities volunteered for the study. “The Trait Anger and Anger Expression Scales” by Spielberger was used to determine the trait anger and anger expression styles of participants. Kruskal Wallis H and Mann Whitney U tests were applied for statistical analysis and comparison of variables. According to the general results of the study; for Anger/In subscale, male athletes had higher points than female athletes. The mothers of high school graduates have higher Anger-In scores than whose mothers had university graduate, and whose father had high school graduate, than in athletes, whose father had primary school graduate. It was found that athletes, whose mothers had secondary school graduate, had higher anger/out subscale points than athletes, whose mothers had primary school graduate and university graduate. Anger/in subscale points of athletes, who had 9 years and more of sport experience, were higher than athletes, who had a lower of sport experience. Those with 3–4 years of sport experience had higher anger/out subscale points than those with 1–2 years and 9 years and more of sport experience. Those with 9 years and more had higher anger-control subscale points than those with a lower of sport experience. There was no significant difference in trait anger and anger/in subscales points between athletes joined international tournaments and who did not. There was a significant different in anger/out and anger/control subscales points between athletes joined international tournaments and who did not. As a result, Muay Thai athletes, who are university students, have differences in the forms of trait anger and anger expressions in the dimensions of family (parents’ education level), sporting time and participation in international competitions, the positive incentives of the family to sports, the experiences of the individual in the field of sports and the sense of self-realization have been evaluated that they have a motivational and positive effect on managing, controlling, or suppressing anger.

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Self-reported morbidities, nutritional characteristics, and associated factors in institutionalized and non-institutionalized older adults

BMC Geriatrics ◽

10.1186/s12877-021-02067-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Abdelhafid Benksim ◽

Rachid Ait Addi ◽

Elhassania Khalloufi ◽

Aziz Habibi ◽

Mohamed Cherkaoui

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Health Insurance ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Well Being ◽

Public Institution ◽

Subjective Well Being ◽

Number Of Children ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Nutritional Characteristics

Abstract Background As the world’s population ages and people live longer, it seems important to ensure that older people have a good quality of life and positive subjective well-being. The objective of this study is to determine socio-economic, health and nutritional characteristics of institutionalized and non-institutionalized elders in the province of Marrakech. Methods This study was conducted among 368 older adults in the province of Marrakech between March 2017 and June 2019. Of all participants, 180 older adults reside in a public institution and 188 of them live in their own homes. Data on health conditions, nutritional status, functional and socio-economic characteristics were collected. Data was analyzed using SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 16.0. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results Institutionalized elders were illiterate (80.0%), had low incomes (95.5%), and unmarried (73.3%), they reported also no children (56.1%) and no health insurance (98.9%). Institutional residents suffered from malnutrition (22.2%), hearing impairments (35.6%) and severe edentulism (43.3%). There was no significant difference between both groups on daily activities and depression. A multivariate analysis identified a model with three significant variables associated with non-institutionalized elders: health insurance (P = 0.001; OR = 107.49), number of children (P = 0.001; OR = 1.74) and nutritional status (p = 0.001; OR = 3.853). Conclusions This study shows that the institutionalization of older adults is considerably induced by various factors such as nutritional problems, lack of health insurance and family structure. To mitigate the effects of this phenomenon, home care strategies and preventive actions should be implemented to delay the institutionalization of older adults and therefore keep them socially active in their own homes.

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Studying Subjective Well-Being during a Quarantine

Virginia Journal of Business, Technology, and Science ◽

10.51390/vajbts.v1i1.7 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Samuel Browning ◽

E. Scott Geller

Keyword(s):

Positive Psychology ◽

Mood State ◽

Well Being ◽

Potential Effect ◽

Mood States ◽

Control Group ◽

Subjective Well Being ◽

Psychology Class ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Impact

To investigate the impact of writing a gratitude letter on particular mood states, we asked students in two university classes (a research class and a positive psychology class) to complete a 15-item mood assessment survey (MAS) twice a day (once in the morning and once at night). The research students who signed up for one or two pass/fail field-study credits in a research class also completed the MAS twice a day, but they did not write the weekly gratitude letter that was expected from the students in the positive psychology class. Each mood state was averaged per each day for the participants in each group and compared between the Gratitude Group and the Control Group. No group difference occurred for some mood states like “incompetent,” but for the “unmotivated” mood state, a significant difference was found. To investigate the potential effect of weekday, we compared the average mood rating between groups for each day of the week. For the mood state of “unmotivated”, a remarkable dip occurred on Wednesday for the Gratitude group, but not for the Control group. These results indicated that writing a gratitude letter increased the benefactor’s motivation, especially on the day when it was accomplished.

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