Wohin Rubel und Euro fließen

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
Björn P. Jacobsen ◽  
Nelly Kozlova

Abstract Es gibt sie – langfristige russische Direktinvestitionen in Deutschland, wie die von Ilim Timber. Ursprünglich wollte das St. Petersburger Forstprodukteunternehmen nur deutsche Maschinen für eine neue Produktionsstätte in Russland kaufen und entschied sich dann dazu, zwei komplette Sägewerke in Wismar und Landsberg zu übernehmen (Tepavcevic, 2013) – oder die des Investors und Vorsitzenden der Sankt Petersburger Kirov-Werke Georgi Semenenko in Rostock (Mangler, 2017). Sie dienen nicht – wie oftmals bei russischen Investitionen in Deutschland unterstellt – der Kapital- oder Systemflucht, sondern werden aus strategischen Überlegungen heraus präzise geplant und erweisen sich als ökonomisch nachhaltig. Und umgekehrt gibt es auch die deutschen Erfolgsgeschichten in Russland, wie die von Pobeda Knauf, von Siemens Gas Turbine Technologies – einem Gemeinschaftsunternehmen der Siemens AG und der russischen Power Machines zur Produktion von Gasturbinen –, der Robert Bosch GmbH, von Mustang Neva im Bereich der Textilherstellung oder der Beteiligung von Henkel an der ERA AG in Tosno, die Wasch-, Reinigungs- und Scheuermittel sowie Kosmetika herstellt. Aber das wirtschaftspolitische Umfeld wird rauer. Ein Indikator dafür sind neben den kurzfristig reagierenden Import- und Exportzahlen vor allem die auf Langfristigkeit und Verlässlichkeit fußenden Investitionen russischer Unternehmen in Deutschland sowie deutscher Unternehmen in Russland. Der „Russian Investment Monitor“ der Hochschule Stralsund sowie der „German Investment Monitor“ der Polytechnischen Hochschule „Peter der Große“ in Sankt Petersburg ermöglichen eine fundierte Analyse und dienen als zuverlässiges Barometer der deutsch-russischen Wirtschaftsbeziehungen. When analyzing the long-term trade relations between two countries, import and export data are of limited help. Here the direct investment behavior is a much better indicator. However, direct investment figures entirely based on the stocks of investment are open to interpretation and might be even misleading. This is where the “Russian Investment Monitor” in Germany and the “German Investment Monitor” in Russia is of help. Analyzing investment behavior on the company level reveals the trust investors assign to their home country and the host country. Russian investments in Germany seem to be declining with China taking over the lead. Moreover, the Russian investments in Germany seem to a large part be motivated by capital flight rather than by traditional investment motives. However, exceptions to the rule exist. On the other hand, German investments in the Russian Federation seem to be more strategic and economically sustainable although the challenging political environment has reduced the German investment activity in Russia and opened the door to increasing Chinese direct investments. In summary, the German-Russian investment relations seem to be at the crossroads. Keywords: quot doing business ranking quot, investitionsverhalten, investitionstätigkeit, effizienzerhöhung, direktinvestitionen

Author(s):  
Arzu Suleymanov ◽  
Malik Mehdiyev ◽  
Rauf Musayev ◽  
Mehpara Orujova ◽  
Vusal Huseynov

The presented article analyzes regional markets, for heavy industry and machine building products for the Azerbaijani economy. In terms of trade relations and territory, the markets of Turkey, the Russian Federation, Georgia, the Islamic Republic of Iran, Moldova, Belarus, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Armenia were selected and evaluated. The database of the study consists of mutual import and export data for the mentioned countries in 2014–2018. Based on the import-export data collected covering the years 2014–2018 on six-digit codes of regional markets, the revealed comparative advantage and localization coefficients on import and export were calculated. As a result, importing and exporting countries have been identified in the regional markets through the calculated coefficients for each of the 5 years of heavy industry and machine building products considered. Thus, in terms of imports and exports, the countries with the highest coefficients were selected.


Author(s):  
Lulu Xu ◽  

Fostering the new development pattern will promote the level of China's opening-up. Which means that the scale of China's foreign trade, foreign capital use will continue to expand. By establishing a vector autoregression model, this paper conducts an empirical study on the relationship between foreign direct investment, import and export trade and economic growth in China from 1987 to 2018. The results show that there is a long-term equilibrium relationship among foreign direct investment, import and export trade and economic growth in China. China's economic growth has a strong self-promoting effect. China's import and export trade are the Granger cause of economic growth, and in the long term, the contribution of export to the economy is obviously greater than that of import. China's import is a strong Granger reason for export. The contribution of foreign direct investment to import, export and economic growth is relatively low.


2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-183
Author(s):  
Muhammad Fawaiq

The aims of this study are to determine the level of liberalization of the services sector and to analyze a causal relationship between Foreign Direct Investment/FDI (as a result of the liberalization of the distribution service) and Domestic Investment/DI in the sector. The method used in this research are descriptive analysis and Panel-VECM-Granger. The results showed that the degree of liberalization of distribution services, especially related to FEP has not met the target of liberalization of MEA 2015. Hypothesis testing results show that there is a unidirectional Granger-Causality relationship in short-term and long-term between FDI and DI. That relationship is FDI strongly influencing DI in the Indonesian distribution services sector. ECT value of the independent variable of FDI is -1.0, which means that the speed of change in the value of DI that caused by the changes of FDI to achieve a equilibrium is 100 percent per year. Thus it is known that the entry of FDI encourage domestic investment activity in the Indonesian distribution services sector. The results of this study need to be considered in terms of improvement FEP in the distribution services sector. FEP improvement policy will encourage the entry of FDI and indirectly encourages DI.


2016 ◽  
pp. 34-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Fedorova ◽  
M. Fedotova ◽  
A. Nikolaev

The paper presents the estimation of sanctions influence on the results of domestic companies on the basis of spillover effects. It is shown that the strength of sanctions influence is mainly determined by the processing chain in terms of industry foreign trade relations structure. During the whole period under analysis (from 2005 to 2012) the companies’ earnings were influenced mostly by German investment (import, export and horizontal country spillovers are significant). Investment from China also affected national companies during the crisis of 2008-2009. Import-driven (productive) industries suffer from sanction regime that is confirmed by the significance of import and export spillover of FDI from the countries, which introduced the sanctions.


2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidaya EL Khattabi ◽  
Mohamed Karim

Over the last decade, Morocco has undertaken numerous reforms in order to successfully integrate itself into the global economy in general, and Africa in particular, with the aim of diversifying and strengthening its competitive export potential.In fact, the analysis of trade relations between Morocco and ECOWAS reveals an increasing volume of trade, reflecting a continuous dynamization of their commercial relations. A similar trend is observed in foreign direct investment, which has been growing steadily over the last few years, reflecting Morocco’s desire to become a major player in the development of the African continent.The analysis of Morocco’s trade opening and foreign direct investment (FDI) in ECOWAS on Morocco’s economic growth, using ARDL (Autorégressive distribution Lag) modelling, shows that Moroccan foreign direct investment to ECOWAS has a significant impact on its GDP per capita in the short and long term. With regard to bilateral trade between the two partners, no long-term equilibrium relationship could be established due to the still low weight of trade volumes.


2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 558-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pippa Morgan ◽  
Yu Zheng

Abstract In this article we depart from the classic model of foreign direct investment (FDI) determinants and examine the effect of sociohistorical factors on FDI. We argue that past foreign aid projects confer social capital that constitutes specific resources available to investors in the present, increasing their preferences for host countries in which their home country has accumulated more social capital. We use new data on China's historical aid in Africa to test these contentions, uncovering a positive, significant connection between China's historical aid program in Africa (1956–1999) and contemporary (2000–2015) investments by Chinese companies. While China's historical aid may have been politically driven, it has had important long-term consequences for its commercial investors. More broadly, these findings suggest a sociohistorical explanation of the puzzle of why Chinese foreign investments deviate from conventional FDI patterns.


2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-233
Author(s):  
Kannadas S.

Investment activity, followed by household and external savings, often plays a decisive role in strengthening the financial status of individual investors, as it contributes to further increases in wealth. This study analyzes the investors’ investment motives and actions to find better investment strategies and to do a systematic review of the investment behavior available for both short- and long-term individual investors. The study is mainly focused on factors and priorities influencing investment decisions. The data were obtained using the questionnaire approach from 201 individual investors within the age group from 18 to 80 from different parts of India. Every individual investor’s risk-tolerant score has been calculated on the basis of the investors’ holistic behavior, namely, investors with high-risk appetite, investors with a moderate and low-risk appetite. Non-parametric tests are applied to evaluate the behavioral approach of investors that are differently correlated to these factors. T-test is used to distinguish between the population mean of short-term and long-term investors’ risk-taking ability and priority of safeguarding the principal over return preference, rather than identified investment factors. As a result of the study, the factors influencing the investors’ decisions were found: income level, market participation experience and risk-return proportions, rather than age, gender, risk-taking ability and investment priority. This study enhances the existing literature by analyzing income, risk-return proportion and investment experience factors that influence investment decisions.


Encyclopedia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 1026-1037
Author(s):  
Aneta Bobenič Hintošová

Definition: Foreign direct investment can be defined as an investment made by an entity (usually a company) incorporated in a home country in the business interests of a host country, in the form of either establishing new business operations or acquiring controlling interest in existing business assets. Foreign direct investment is expected to meet the following characteristics: (1) the capital movement is typically accompanied by further technological, material, information, financial or personnel flows; (2) the foreign direct investor effectively controls facilities abroad; and (3) the investor has a long-term interest in the host country.


2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 82-96
Author(s):  
Dragan Trailović ◽  
Stevan Rapaic

We are witnessing that with the appearance of new global players on the international scene a multipolar world is gradually emerging and a new balance of power is being formed. Given this circumstance, it is very important that all other states clearly define their position towards these emerging poles of power. As Russia appears as one of those poles, it is necessary to look at the position of Serbia concerning political and economic cooperation between the two countries. One of the ways to do that is to look at these issues from the perspective of Serbian citizens. Accordingly, this paper aims to present the basic findings concerning the assessment and opinion of the citizens of Serbia towards political, economic and military cooperation between the Republic of Serbia and the Russian Federation based on the analysis of surveys conducted by the Institute for Political Studies in 2015–2020 period. The authors will also present the basic economic, trade and financial indicators of cooperation between Russia and Serbia, mainly trade relations and foreign direct investment.


2020 ◽  
pp. 152-160
Author(s):  
Q. Th. Nguyen ◽  
K. M. Banar ◽  
Ia. S. Potapova

The perspective of development of trade relations between the Russian Federation and the countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations has been considered. The following projects: transport (“Russian Railways” OJSC with Indonesia; PJSC “Gazprom” projects, the South China Sea; “Petros” company projects), as well as the “East Siberia-Pacific Ocean” oil pipeline project have been considered. The import and export of Russia with some of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations countries for today and over the past ten years have been analysed. The prospect of a comprehensive association between Association of Southeast Asian Nations and the Eurasian Economic Union has been proposed. The most substantial and significant moments in maintaining the data of trade relations between countries have been highlighted. The possible reasons for the lack of large-scale and strong ties in some areas of activity between the Russian Federation and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations have been revealed, various options for creating and supporting mutually beneficial trade relations also have been offered.


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