Transforming the “International Unsociety”: Towards Eutopia by Means of International Recognition of Peoples’ Representatives

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 451-480
Author(s):  
Isabelle Hassfurther
Keyword(s):  
Human Society ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Shared Humanity ◽  
Normative Expectations ◽  
Adequate Representation ◽  
Constitutional Legality ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Point Of Departure

This paper proposes a criterion of legitimacy for recognition of governments as a contribution to the “revolution in the mind”, a procedural vehicle towards a transformed international society envisioned by Philip Allott in his latest work ‘Eutopia’. It is suggested that in order to promote a shift from mere State co-existence to Allott’s Eutopia – a unified and flourishing human society – the representatives participating in the international process of renegotiating common values and ideas must be chosen according to a criterion coinciding with this end, not based on effective territorial control. Against this background, different contemporary proposals for determining legitimacy of governments are discussed, none of which seem apt to designate those employing the central mediating function between inner-State societies and the international sphere. Neither constitutional legality nor imposing a system of democratic legitimation necessarily ensure adequate representation of the free choice of the peoples. By contrast, the right to political self-determination, understood as an entitlement to exercise public sovereignty and be represented by the chosen government, provides a point of departure for a criterion of legitimacy sufficiently respecting normative expectations of the distinct national societies. Beyond this relative component, however, the dual role of legitimacy on the international plane calls for certain additional criteria reflecting a prospective international society’s core values. Therefore, a regime’s commission of mass atrocities, violating ius cogens norms which prioritise human beings and their flourishing, invariably deprives it of legitimacy to participate in the international self-constituting. A criterion of legitimacy so understood – combining relative and absolute standards of legitimacy, thereby ensuring the representation of varying societies’ ideas while safeguarding certain international core standards – could facilitate a ‘transitory Eutopia’ of legitimate peoples’ representatives, ultimately serving as a catalyst towards Allott’s “shared humanity of all human beings”.

Do conhecimento objetivo ao problema corpo - mente

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-113
Author(s):  
Nathalia Gleyce dos Santos Salazar
Keyword(s):  
Third World ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Karl Popper ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Third ◽  
Belo Horizonte ◽  
The Third World ◽  
The Mind

Resumo:  Apresenta-se uma discussão sobre o conhecimento e a tese dos três mundos no qual a interação entre estes nos aproxima da verdade do problema corpo-mente, tendo em vista, uma nova proposta de solução. O terceiro mundo é uma peça importante neste trabalho; sendo assim, analisaremos o que Popper designa como Mundo 3, em que ele consiste e o papel da linguagem como diferencial do ser humano. Apresentamos as críticas popperianas às correntes monistas e dualistas, ousando fazer uma crítica a Teoria do Conhecimento tradicional. Desta forma, a proposta apresentada por este filósofo da ciência diferencia-se de tudo que estava sendo feito até então, por isso, o interesse de apresentar essa abordagem pouco trabalhada de Popper. Palavras-chave: Conhecimento. Corpo-Mente. Mundo 3.Abstract: In this work, we present a discussion about knowledge and the theory of the three worlds in which the interaction between them approaches to the truth of the mind-body problem, in view of a proposed solution. The third world is an important piece in this work. Therefore, we will analyze what Popper describes as World 3, what it is and the role of language as a differential of human beings. We present Popper’s criticisms to the monistic and dualistic currents, daring to criticize the theory of traditional knowledge. Thus, the proposal of science presented by this philosopher differs from everything that was being done until then. This explains the interest in presenting this unusual approach to Popper.Keywords: Knowledge. Body-Mind.  World 3. REFERÊNCIASLEAL-TOLEDO, Gustavo . Popper e seu Cérebro. Revista da Faculdade de Letras. Série Filosofia, v. XXIII, p. 59-68, 2007.POPPER, Karl Raimund. A Lógica da Pesquisa Científica. Tradução de Leonidas Hegenberg e Octanny Silveira de Mota.  São Paulo: editora Cultrix. 2007.POPPER, Karl Raimund. Conhecimento Objetivo: uma abordagem evolucionária. Tradução de Milton Amado.  Belo Horizonte, Ed. Itatiaia Ilimitada. São Paulo, Ed. Da Universidade São Paulo, 1975._______.  O Conhecimento e o Problema Corpo –Mente. Tradução Joaquim Alberto Ferreira Gomes. Lisboa, Ed. 70. 1996.   _______. Conjecturas e Refutações: o desenvolvimento do conhecimento científico. Trad. Benedita Bettencourt. Ed. Livraria Almedina, 2006._______.  O Eu e Seu Cérebro. Karl Popper, Jonh C. Eccles;Tradução Silvio Meneses Garcia, Helena Cristina F. Arantes e Aurélio Osmar C. de Oliveira. – Campinas, SP: Papirus; Brasília, DF: Editora Universidade de Brasília. 1991.   _______. O Racionalismo Crítico na Política. Tradução de Maria da Conceição Côrte – Real. Brasília, Editora Universidade de Brasília, 2ª edição, 1994, 74p.SEARLE, John R. La construcción de la realidad social. Trad. Antoni Domènech. Barcelona: Paidós Ibérico, 1995.  

The Contemporary Reception of St Thomas on Law and Politics

2021 ◽  
pp. 611-625
Author(s):  
Michael Pakaluk
Keyword(s):  
Private Property ◽  
Political Liberalism ◽  
Political Society ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
Law And Politics ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Right

The reception of Thomistic political and legal philosophy is considered with respect to what is called ‘political liberalism’. The appeal to a hypothetical state of nature should be rejected, as it misconstrues the social nature of human beings. Aquinas’ account of the origin of political society starts from an interpretation of human nature. On this basis one can account for human rights, the importance of the right to religious liberty, the family as the basic cell of society, civil society as including subsidiary authorities, the importance of private property, and the nature and role of freedom. A key question for the continued flourishing of a free society is what practically enables persons to govern for the genuine good of others.

Xunzi in the Light of the Guodian Manuscripts

Early China ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 113-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Rakita Goldin
Keyword(s):  
Moral Development ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
The State ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Warring States ◽  
Proper Values ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Way

This article discusses the several previously unknown Confucian texts discovered in 1993 in a Warring States tomb at Guodian, near Jingmen, Hubei Province. I believe that these works should be understood as doctrinal material deriving from a single tradition of Confucianism and datable to around 300 B.C. Of the surviving literature from the same period, they are closer to the Xunzi than to any other text, and anticipate several characteristic themes in Xunzi's philosophy. These are: the notion of human nature (xing 性),and the controversy over whether the source of morality is internar or “external”; the role of learning (xue 學)and habitual practice (xi 習) in moral development; the content and origin of ritual (li 禮), by which human beings accord with the Way; the conception of the ruler as the mind (xin 心) of the state; and the psychological utility of music (yue 樂) in inculcating proper values.It is especially important for scholars to take note of these connections with Xunzi, in view of the emerging trend to associate the Guodian manuscripts with Zisi, the famous grandson of Confucius, whom Xunzi bitterly criticized.

Partners of Humans: A Realistic Assessment of the Role of Robots in the Foreseeable Future

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Aleksander
Keyword(s):  
Science Fiction ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Human Control ◽  
The Press ◽  
Realistic Assessment ◽  
The Media ◽  
University Of Chicago Press

As robots are generally thought to perform human-like tasks, they depend on the successes of information technology in the area of artificial intelligence to succeed in such pursuits. But robots, through their anthropomorphic character and their weighty presence in science fiction, attract the attention of the press and the media in a way that, at times, blurs the distinction between the actual state of the art and exaggerated claims. This makes it hard to assess the true functional positioning of robots, how this is likely to move forward and whether the outcome of progress could be detrimental to human society. The aim of this paper is to review the actual level of competence that is being achieved in robotics research laboratories and a plausible impact that this is likely to have on human control over life and jobs. The key thesis here is that cognition in machines and even an artificial form of consciousness lead to operations in a set of tasks (the ‘algorithmic’ category) which is different from that available to truly cognitive and conscious human beings (the ‘life-need’ category): that is, in the paper it is argued that a major category error (Ryle in The concept of mind, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1949) looms in predictions of serious threats to humanity. As far as a threat to jobs goes, it is argued that early attention to education and re-skilling of humans in the workplace can lead to an effective symbiosis between people and robots.

scholarly journals Al fatiha: pengingat rutin implementasi perilaku etis pelaku bisnis

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
Dessy Ekaviana
Keyword(s):  
Business Ethics ◽  
Ethical Behavior ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Business People ◽  
The Right

Abstrak Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji peran pemaknaan Al-Fatiha bagi perilaku etis para pelaku bisnis. Pada surah Al-Fatiha dijelaskan tentang beberapa hal, yakni; hari Pembalasan, bimbingan kepada hamba-hamba-Nya agar memohon dan tunduk kepada-Nya, mengesakan-Nya dan menyucikan-Nya dari sekutu atau tandingan, bimbingan agar manusia memohon petunjuk kepada-Nya menuju jalan yang lurus, serta anjuran untuk mengerjakan kebaikan agar manusia dapat berkumpul dengan orang-orang yang beruntung di hari Kiamat kelak. Dengan demikian apabila seorang Muslim sebagai pelaku bisnis itu memahami secara baik mengenai makna dan nilai yang terkandung pada Surat Al Fatiha, maka nilai-nilai kebaikan itu akan diingat berulang-ulang dan mengakar dalam diri sehingga melahirkan etika bisnis yang baik pula. Abstract This article aims to examine the role of Al-Fatiha's meaning for the ethical behavior of business people. In the surah Al-Fatiha several things are explained, namely; the Day of Judgment, guidance to His servants to plead and submit to Him, impose Him and sanctify Him from allies or counterparts, guidance so that human beings ask for guidance to Him towards the right path, and advice to do good so that humans can gather with lucky people on the Day of Judgment. Thus, if a Muslim as a businessman understands well the meaning and value contained in the Letter of Al-Fatiha, then the good values will be remembered repeatedly and rooted in themselves so as to produce good business ethics.

scholarly journals Ilmu Ladunni Dalam Perspektif Pendidikan Islam; Telaah Atas Pemikiran Abu Hamid Al-Ghazali

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
pp. 53-90
Author(s):  
Yulianto
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Divine Inspiration ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Halal Food ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
The Right ◽  
Humanistic Curriculum

As a knowledge that is derived from eternal ray of light (TranscendentalGod) into majazi light (with different potentials) included in four human’sspirituality: mind, soul, spirit, and heart, Ladunni is an the innate and internal part ofhuman being that wait to be re-actualized. Therefore, the right perspective about thebirth of Ladunni is it becomes real because of the human’s effort and emanation ofGod’s gift. Since the mediator of Ladunni actually has been stored in variouspotentials that belong to human beings since they were born, the role of education isto activate those innate abilities from potentials into the real human’s identity. Anactualization of human’s potential which is systematized in the learning process iscalled as humanistic curriculum. The objectives of this research were (1) determiningthe essence of Ladunni, (2) determining the method that was offered by Abu Hamidal-Ghazali to obtain the knowledge of Ladunni, and (3) determining the contributionof the knowledge of Ladunni towards Islamic education. This research was a libraryresearch with qualitative-descriptive approach. It used documentation as the datacollection, and content analysis to explore various data from the books written byAbu Hamid al-Ghazali which were then composed into systematic narration. Theresult of this research are (1) Ladunni is a product of actualization from varioushuman’s potential which has been integrated in human’s spirituality; (2) everybodyis able to obtain the knowledge of Ladunni; (3) two methods which are used to obtainthe knowledge of Ladunni are internal and external methods. The coverage ofinternal method is learning, thinking, riyāḍatun nafsi, mujāhadah also being patient,and the external method is by consuming halal food; (4) the access of Ladunni is alsodivided into external and internal, where external access is mirrored through aknowledge access called as divine revelation and divine inspiration while internalaccess can be seen from human’s spirituality; (5) humanistic curriculum is the mostsuitable curriculum in formal education to reflect the knowledge of Ladunni.Keyword: Ladunni in the Perspective of Islamic Education

scholarly journals The Learning Process in The Classroom Through the Mind Mapping Approach from The Philosophy of Progressivism

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Jonathan Fredrik ◽  
Bagus Ardi Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Learning Process ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Mathematics Learning ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Mind Maps ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Mind

Education plays a role in human life to prevent people from poverty, underdevelopment, and ignorance so that it is necessary to change the way of thinking of humans themselves to overcome these problems. The progress of the human mindset is a form of change and cannot be separated from the achievement of creativity. This article aims to describe and explain the use of mind maps in mathematics learning from a progressivism point of view through the learning process carried out from the primary and secondary education levels to produce creative products that can help students improve learning achievement through the role of the teacher as a facilitator and students as a learning center. This article uses literature study method, data is collected and analyzed as secondary data including books, journals and proceedings relevant to the topic. The results showed that the mind map method could be used by teachers and students to change the concept of thinking through active student involvement through the making of mathematics learning materials, addition and building space and the area of a circle in an attractive graphic form. Progressivism views that progress in thinking is a process of change and through the mindmaping learning method the concept of subject matter can be visualized in the form of a graphic infrastructure that can stimulate the right and left brains so that it can be useful to free students from the snare of rules when starting to learn. The conclusion of this study is a change in mindset that is in line with the viewpoint of progressivism philosophy is through a mind map learning model that can produce student creativity products and the role of the teacher as a facilitator can occur.

»A Line Made by Walking«

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Moser
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Anthropology ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Alternative Form ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Nature And Culture ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
The One ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Point Of Departure

Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit kulturanthropologischen und literarischen Reflexionen auf den Bewegungsmodus des Gehens. Er diskutiert die Frage, inwieweit das Gehen in diesen Diskursen als Linienpraxis aufgefasst wird. Ausgangspunkt ist die Beobachtung, dass die Kulturanthropologie, die dem aufrechten Gang eine Schlüsselfunktion für die Anthropogenese zuweist, diesen zugleich als Produkt eines ›Begradigungsprozesses‹ markiert und an die dichotomische Gegenüberstellung von Natur und Kultur koppelt. In literarischen Texten, aber auch in neueren ökoanthropologischen Ansätzen wird die Natur-Kultur-Opposition und die damit verbundene Privilegierung der geraden Linie kritisch hinterfragt. Setzt die literarische Peripatetik mithin eine alternative Form der Beziehung zwischen Mensch und Umwelt in Szene? Entwirft sie eine Ökologie des Denkens und Wahrnehmens, die sich jenseits der Natur-Kultur-Dichotomie bewegt? Diese Fragen werden an ausgewählten Fallbeispielen beleuchtet. The essay deals with the peripatetic mode of movement as reflected in cultural anthropology and literature. It asks to what extent these discourses view walking as a practice of line-making. The point of departure is the observation that cultural anthropology ascribes a key role to the upright gait within anthropogenesis while associating it with a process of rectilinearization on the one hand and a sharp dichotomy between nature and culture on the other hand. Certain literary texts and recent approaches in ecologically oriented anthropology have, however, challenged the validity of this dichotomy and the concomitant privilege of the straight line. Does literary peripatetics thus propose an alternative way to grasp the relationship between human beings and the environment? Does it outline a new ecology of the mind that supersedes the binary relation between nature and culture? These questions are discussed with reference to selected case studies.

scholarly journals Preface to the special issue on developments of the concepts of randomness, statistics and probability

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
GIUSEPPE LONGO ◽  
MIOARA MUGUR-SCHÄCHTER
Keyword(s):  
Explicit Form ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Statistics And Probability ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Mind

Under a variety of names, and in a more or less explicit form, the concept that we now call ‘probability’ must have taken shape in the mind of human beings since the dawn of thought, as a nuance added to the idea of chance (randomness) or unpredictability, though chance may not be exactly the right word. Some time later, the concepts of what we now describe as ‘statistics’ and ‘statistically stable’, moved away from the idea of ‘chance’ and came closer to something else, which was called ‘probability’ and has been fuzzily conceived as being, in some sense, abstract and ‘ideal’. Throughout history it has been felt that unpredictability can have degrees, and that it can be measured using probabilities.

Clinical Meditation Teacher: A New Role for Health Professionals

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Schaub
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Public Acceptance ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Mind ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Care Costs

The support for integrating meditation into health care and mental health has reached scientific and public acceptance. For the public to receive the benefits of the mind—body medicine of meditation, it is time for health professionals to step into the role of clinical meditation teachers. Clinical meditation refers to the ability to discern the right kinds of meditation for the right person at the right time. With the increased emphasis on preventative medicine and self-care skills to reduce health care costs, the timing is absolutely appropriate for health professionals to gain skills in this new role.

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