scholarly journals Development of methodology in modern terminology science

2017 ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
Sergey Grinev
Keyword(s):  
Human Mind ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Systemic Approach ◽  
Parametric Approach ◽  
History Of Development ◽  
Semiotic Approach ◽  
History Of ◽  
Diachronic Analysis ◽  
Basic Features ◽  
Further Development

The paper discusses the history of terminology science from the point of view of evolution of methods of terminological research and ordering terminologies. Stages of development of terminology science are associated with predominant usage and perfecting of particular approaches – systemic, semiotic, parametric, typological, diachronic and anthropolinguistic – which makes it possible to view the history of terminology science as history of development of methods of investigating special vocabulary. Systemic approach to viewing terminology is based, firstly, on the principle that every science is founded on a system of concepts and may be represented as such, and, secondly, on the fact that the meaning of every word is defined by its lexical surrounding. Therefore the objects of study in terminology are not separate terms but terminologies. Semiotic approach was first applied to characteristics of term viewed as a sign and then was extended to classifying terminologies and their features. This approach made it possible not only to group terminological characteristics into semantic, formal and functional but also to discover other aspects of sign, such as their evolution and structure. At the end of the 1970-s a new, parametric approach started to be used in describing and analysing special vocabulary. The concept of terminological parameter was defined as a measurable characteristics showing a degree of manifestation of a certain feature. Introducing parametric approach to describing and comparing terminologies enabled terminologists to evaluate the existing state of terminological research and realise the need to turn from uncoordinated separate investigations to unified efforts to discover the most typical basic features of terminologies of various languages and branches of knowledge and terminology in general. Thus were elaborated typological methods of terminological research. Practical needs to perfect the process of translating terms enhanced comparative terminological studies. It was found that comparing terminologies of various languages presented in systemic way makes it possible to establish the exact terminological equivalents and discover the drawbacks of the existing translating dictionaries. The need to predict the ways of development of terminologies lead to understanding the importance of diachronic analysis of various terminologies. The next step in building awareness of the possible ways in development of terminologies was elaboration of anthropolinguistic approach to terminological research, which is characterised by trying to find the historical causes for changes in human mind as reflected in respective changes in vocabulary. As the result of elaborating, testing and applying various approaches to terminological studies at present we have created ample opportunities to analyse, correct and regulate further development of special vocabulary.

The Challenges in Dealing with Organized Crime and its Consequences in Modern Societies in Albania, Kosovo and Macedonia – the Balkan Peninsula

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Bashkim Selmani ◽  
Bekim Maksuti
Keyword(s):  
Organized Crime ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
The Public ◽  
Before And After ◽  
History Of ◽  
European Standards ◽  
Organized Crime Groups ◽  
Further Development

The profound changes within the Albanian society, including Albania, Kosovo and Macedonia, before and after they proclaimed independence (in exception of Albania), with the establishment of the parliamentary system resulted in mass spread social negative consequences such as crime, drugs, prostitution, child beggars on the street etc. As a result of these occurred circumstances emerged a substantial need for changes within the legal system in order to meet and achieve the European standards or behaviors and the need for adoption of many laws imported from abroad, but without actually reading the factual situation of the psycho-economic position of the citizens and the consequences of the peoples’ occupations without proper compensation, as a remedy for the victims of war or peace in these countries. The sad truth is that the perpetrators not only weren’t sanctioned, but these regions remained an untouched haven for further development of criminal activities, be it from the public state officials through property privatization or in the private field. The organized crime groups, almost in all cases, are perceived by the human mind as “Mafia” and it is a fact that this cannot be denied easily. The widely spread term “Mafia” is mostly known around the world to define criminal organizations.The Balkan Peninsula is highly involved in these illegal groups of organized crime whose practice of criminal activities is largely extended through the Balkan countries such as Kosovo, Albania, Macedonia, Serbia, Bosnia, Croatia, Montenegro, etc. Many factors contributed to these strategic countries to be part of these types of activities. In general, some of the countries have been affected more specifically, but in all of the abovementioned countries organized crime has affected all areas of life, leaving a black mark in the history of these states.

scholarly journals Feminist Hermeneutics in Islam: its History and Major Ideas

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 511-526
Author(s):  
D. V. Mukhetdinov
Keyword(s):  
Critical Approach ◽  
Islamic Ethics ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
History Of Development ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
History Of ◽  
Spiritual Tradition ◽  
Basic Ideas ◽  
Basic Features ◽  
Feminist Hermeneutics

The article deals with the history of development and basic ideas of Islamic feminist hermeneutics. In order to understand tendencies of development of the modern Islamic thought, it is important as well to study feminist ideas in their complexity. The author argues that feminist hermeneutics in Islam represents a set of approaches towards the interpretation of the Holy Qur’an, the Hadith and secondary sources of Islamic spiritual tradition. In the typological perspective, it is close to the so-called “Standpoint feminism”. The author singles out seven basic features to Islamic feminist hermeneutics, which are the religious frame of mind, following the principles of Islamic ethics, the use of so-called “contextual ijtihad”, accepting the egalitarist values, the critical approach to tradition, the critical approach towards the Hadith, use of the new methodology, which has its roots in the heritage of Neomodernist school of thought.

scholarly journals Suicidal behavior: theoretic model and practical implications in cognitive-behavioral therapy

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 144-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.B. Kholmogorova
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Theoretic Model ◽  
History Of Development ◽  
Psychosocial Model ◽  
History Of ◽  
Further Development

The article presents the data on suicide incidence in Russian Federation. The author discusses the necessity of developing prevention programs and carrying out complex team-based specialist work to ensure safe environment at schools. It is noted that prevention and postvention methods should be scientifically grounded. History of development of a special psychotherapeutic cognitive-behavioral protocol for suicide prevention and postvention is presented. The author examines the problem of diathesis (predisposition) to suicidal behavior and formulates the main principles of cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy of patients predisposed to suicidal behavior. Key stages of cognitive-behavioral therapy of suicidal behavior, techniques and approaches to working with such clients are described. Various targets that should be taken into account during crisis interventions are discussed. The article presents empirical research data of the effectiveness of cognitive psychotherapy of suicidal behavior and the results of the empirical study of factors of suicidal behavior in students based on multi-factor psychosocial model of affective spectrum disorders. It is emphasized that individual psychotherapy should be combined with other methods of suicide prevention and postvention. Perspectives of further development of methods of working with suicidal behavior are outlined.

scholarly journals Otto von Bismarck and Germany Militarization (Legislative Formalization of the Military Reform in Germany in the 80s of the 19th century)

Lex Russica ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 77-87
Author(s):  
V. G. Baev
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Ruling Elite ◽  
Military Reform ◽  
German Army ◽  
History Of ◽  
Otto Von Bismarck ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Military ◽  
Further Development

The history of Germany of the second half of the 19th century and the activities of Otto von Bismarck form an integral unit, provided we bear in mind the process of Germany becoming a centralized state. The author argues that the attainment of German unity could only be achieved on the paths of war with Austria and France. This implies why military reform in Germany has been given so much attention.This study is focused on the second stage of military reform — the strengthening of the German army after the establishment of a centralized state. The author poses the question: if the “German issue” was resolved, what was the need for further armament? The Bismarck Government in 1874 and 1881 successfully sought from Parliament the adoption of septennat laws (seven years of funding for the army). But in 1887 the Parliament refused to extend the septennat. The author uses Bismarck’s collection of political speeches in the Reichstag as the main source of research. It is an important source of official origin, reflecting the approaches of not only of the subject of Bismarck’s legislative initiative, but also of Germany’s ruling elite.A point of view about Bismarck as vehicle of Germanic militarism prevails in historical literature. As a result of the analysis of the debate on the draft law, the author concludes that Bismarck’s military policy was dictated not so much by the militaristic nature of his personality, but by the necessity of strengthening the military potential of Germany, surrounded by strong adversaries, to defend its sovereignty. For the further development of events, the Chancellor who had been removed from his office, cannot be held responsible. The tragedy of Bismarck-era Germany is expressed in the fact that he failed to prepare a successor capable of leading the country during a period of crisis.

scholarly journals Physical-mechanical properties and durability of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC)

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-117
Author(s):  
Stefan Mitrović ◽  
Dragana Popović ◽  
Miroslav Tepavčević ◽  
Dimitrije Zakić
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
High Performance Concrete ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Ultra High Performance Concrete ◽  
History Of Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hardened State ◽  
Further Development

This paper presents the results of the authors' laboratory testing of physical, mechanical and durability properties of Ultra-high Performance Concrete (UHPC). The short history of development and application of UHPC concrete is presented in the first part of this paper while the second part deals with the experimental investigation, presenting the results of material characterization obtained from physical-mechanical and durability tests. Based on the results shown in the paper, the mean value of compressive strength obtained at 28 days is 114 MPa, with the average density of 2270 kg/m3 in hardened state. The results showed that tested UHPC belongs to the highest class of water impermeability V-III, as well as the highest class MS0 (without visible damage) in a simulated freeze-thaw environment and de-icing salt attack test. Also, the highest class XM3 for abrasion resistance was achieved. Additional tests showed that the tested concrete fulfils the requirements for the highest exposure classes XC4 and XD4, in terms of resistance to carbonation and the penetration of chloride ions. Conclusions and recommendations for further development and possible application of UHPC are presented at the end of paper.

scholarly journals ADMINISTRATIVE PREJUDICE IN FOREIGN CRIMINAL LAW: HISTORY AND MODERNITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 844-850
Author(s):  
V.I. Antonov ◽  
E.V. Antonov
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Policy ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Relevant Today ◽  
History Of ◽  
Criminal Legislation ◽  
Further Development

The article examines criminal law with administrative prejudice, as well as the history of the emergence and development of norms with administrative prejudice in the modern criminal legislation of Russia on various grounds. This topic is relevant today because the Russian legislator constantly includes new norms containing administrative prejudice in the criminal code of the Russian Federation. The problems of applying norms with administrative prejudice in practice are considered. It is noted that the criminal legislation in force in the XX century actively applied administrative prejudice as a method of legal regulation of public relations arising in the process of implementing the criminal policy of the Soviet state. The article analyzes the criminal legislation of Russia from the point of view of further development of criminal legislation in the direction of improving the institution of administrative prejudice and increasing the number of norms with administrative prejudice.

scholarly journals Islamicisation of Medicine in the 13th Century: A Case of Ibn Abī Uṣaibia‘s History of Physicians

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akmal Khuzairy bin Abd Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Operational Level ◽  
History Of ◽  
Medical Disciplines ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Epistemological Framework ◽  
Or History

One of the challenges in the Islamization of knowledge project is the absence of a ready approach for integrating the existing disciplines within the Islamic knowledge paradigm. Among the constituents of such an approach is an epistemological framework that defines a discipline to serve as reference for further efforts on the operational level. This study intends to fill this gap with a perspective on Islamic epistemological framework in the field of medicine during the Islamic medieval era. The focus of analysis is on the topic of the origin of medicine and the views of ancient Greek physicians in the compilation entitled ‘Uyūn al-anbā’ fī ṭabaqāt al-aṭibba’ or History of Physicians authored by Ibn ’Abī ’Uṣaibia‘. The study used interpretive textual analysis method to arrive at certain constructs for an Islamic medical epistemological framework from the point of view of the author. The analysis concludes that the perspective of the author on the selected topics was suggestive of possible constructs for an Islamic epistemological framework that can serve as a point of reference for further development of an approach for integrating medical disciplines in the Islamization context.

scholarly journals Paintings of Kazan Artist Grigory Antonovich Medvedev in the Collection of the National Museum Named after Т.Е. Evseev of the Republic of Mari El

2014 ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
Elvira M. Kolcheva ◽  
Sergey K. Svechnikov
Keyword(s):  
Socialist Realism ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
National Museum ◽  
Russian Art ◽  
History Of Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic

Presents results of studies on the contribution of Kazan artist G.A. Medvedev to the emergence of painting in Mari region in the first third of the XX century. He appears as the artist of the art of Nouveau era and an epoch of formation of socialist realism. Two paintings «Rafting of timber along the Kokshaga» (1920s) and «Stepan Razin on the Volga» are of interest from the point of view of the history of development of Russian art in general.

scholarly journals HISTORIA DEL DESARROLLO DE LA DIDÁCTICA DE LA MATEMÁTICA UN ESTUDIO REALIZADO CON LOS MEDIOS TEÓRICOS DE LA EOS (ENFOQUE ONTO-SEMIÓTICO)

PARADIGMA ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 130-150
Author(s):  
Bruno D’Amore ◽  
Martha Isabel Fandiño Pinilla
Keyword(s):  
Mathematics Education ◽  
Mathematical Knowledge ◽  
General Framework ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Semiotic Approach ◽  
History Of ◽  
Characteristic Features

En este trabajo se presentan y se sintetizan diversas reflexiones sobre las bases teóricas del Enfoque ontosemiótico del conocimiento matemático y de la enseñanza de la matemática, en el marco general de la progresiva consolidación de la Didáctica de la Matemática como disciplina científica. Se comienza presentando algunas características del conocimiento científico en general, los requisitos que se le exigen a la didáctica para su consideración como ciencia y el problema de la proliferación de marcos teóricos. Seguidamente, se describen algunos rasgos característicos desde el punto de vista ontológico y semiótico como una base constitutiva de la Didáctica de la Matemática. Finalmente se hace referencia a otros marcos teóricos y sus conexiones con el enfoque ontosemiótico. Palabras clave: bases de la didáctica de la matemática, bases del EOS, relaciones entre teorías, didáctica de la matemática como ciencia. HISTORY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MATHEMATICS EDUCATION  A STUDY CONDUCTED BY THEORETICAL MEANS OF EOS (ENFOQUE ONTO-SEMIOTICO)Abstract. In this paper we summary and extend various reflections on the theoretical bases of the onto-semiotic approach to mathematical knowledge and instruction, in the general framework of the progressive consolidation of Didactic of Mathematics as a scientific discipline. We first present some characteristics of scientific knowledge, the requirements for didactics to be considered as a science, and the problem of proliferation of theoretical bases. Then, we describe some characteristic features of the ontological and semiotic point of view, as a constitutive basis for Didactic of Mathematics. Finally, some reference to other theoretical frameworks and their connections with the onto-semiotic approach is made. Keywords: bases of didactic of mathematics, bases of OSA, relations between theories, didactic of mathematics as science.

scholarly journals ADMINISTRATIVE PREJUDICE IN FOREIGN CRIMINAL LEGISLATION: HISTORY AND MODERNITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 630-637
Author(s):  
E.V. Antonov ◽  
V.I. Antonov
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Correct Application ◽  
Criminal Legislation ◽  
Further Development

The article investigates criminal law with administrative prejudice, as well as the history of the emergence and development of norms with administrative prejudice in the modern criminal legislation of Russia and foreign countries on various grounds. The problems of the application of norms with administrative prejudice in practice are considered. The criminal legislation of the states of the former Soviet Union, in particular the Republic of Belarus and the Republic of Kazakhstan, is analyzed from the point of view of further development of the criminal legislation of these countries towards improving the institution of administrative prejudice and increasing the number of norms with administrative prejudice. It is noted that some post-Soviet states (Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia) in their criminal legislation abandoned the institution of administrative prejudice and tried to replace the norms with administrative prejudice with others. Attention is drawn to the problems with the registration of administrative offenses and the application of data on registered administrative offenses for the correct application of the rules with administrative prejudice in practice by the law enforcement bodies of the Russian Federation.

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