scholarly journals Effect of chemical structure and linear density charge of sulfonate-containing aromatic polyamides on interaction with polycations in organic and water-organic media

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
Natalya N. Smirnova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Phase State ◽  
Linear Charge ◽  
Linear Charge Density ◽  
Sodium Sulfonate ◽  
Interpolyelectrolyte Complexes ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Organic Solutions ◽  
Acrylonitrile Copolymers

The interaction of sulfonate-containing aromatic poly- and copolyamides with acrylonitrile copolymers with N,N-dimethyl-N,N-diallylammonium chloride (DMDAAC) and N,N-diethylaminoethylmethacrylate (DEAEM) in organic and water-organic solutions was studied. It was shown that as a result of macromolecular reactions interpolyelectrolyte complexes (IPEC) forms. They are stabilized mainly by electrostatic forces. To characterize the interpolyelectrolyte complexes composition the φ parameter was used, that defines as the ratio of corresponding functional groups molar concentrations of interacting polyelectrolytes. The transformation degree in interpolymer reactions θ was calculated as the ratio of the salt bonds number between polyions to their maximum possible number. It was shown that the main factors determining the composition and structure of forming interpolyelectrolyte complexes are linear charge density of polyelectrolytes, the nature and composition of the solvent in which interpolymer reactions occurs. It is possible to obtain IPEC, the composition of which for the same polycation will vary from φ = 2.5 to φ = 1.0, changing these factors. It was found that at the complexation process is not accompanied by a change in the phase state of the interpolymer system, when the concentration of units with sulfonate groups in the macromolecular polyamide chain 5 mol.%. It was found that the introduction of polycation leads to the formation of IPEC structures in the form of particles with an average size of ~217.7 nm for poly-4,4'-(2-sodium sulfonate) – diphenylaminisophthalamide and ~248.1 nm in the case of poly-4,4'-(2-sodium sulfonate) -diphenylaminterephthalamide. It was shown that the decrease in the polymer content of units with sulfonate groups is accompanied by a decrease in the transformation degree from 0.65-0.66 to 0.18. It was found that the studied complexes can be transferred to the solution by increasing its ionic strength. The result obtained during this work can serve as a base for the development of for the manufacturing technology of film and membrane materials based on sulfonate-containing aromatic poly- and copolyamides.

scholarly journals INTERPOLYELECTROLYTE COMPLEXATION OF SULFONATE-CONTAINING AROMATIC POLY- AND COPOLYAMIDES IN ORGANIC AND AQUEOUS-ORGANIC MEDIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Nataliya N. Smirnova
Keyword(s):  
Complex Formation ◽  
Phase State ◽  
Hydrophobic Interactions ◽  
Conversion Degree ◽  
Organic Media ◽  
Water Medium ◽  
Sodium Sulfonate ◽  
Interpolyelectrolyte Complexes ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Polyanion Chain

Complex formation of sulfonate-containing aromatic poly- and copolyamides with copolymers of acrylonitrile with N,N-dimethyl-N,N-diallylammonium chloride and N,N-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate was studied in organic and aqueous-organic media. The values of conversion degree for interpolymer reactions were determined. At optimal conditions in the presence of poly-4,4'-(2-sodium sulfonate)diphenylaminoisophthalamide and  poly-4,4'-(2-sodium sulfonate)diphenylaminoterephthalamide the degree of conversion was equal to ~0.80 and 0.78, respectively. The reduction of number of sulfonate containing units in the polymer chain to 10% leads to its decrease to ~0.18.   It was shown that the nature and composition of the solvent affects the kinetics of interpolymer reactions due to the different ratio of reaggregation during the interacting of function groups in water medium with considerable force of hydrophobic interactions and in organic solvent where these forces dramatically reduce. The phase state and the composition of formed interpolyelectrolyte complexes depends on charge density along macromolecule chain of copolyamide and on the composition of the solvent used. The reduction of the number of sulfonate containing units in the macromolecule leads to polycation component increase in the complex. The formation of stoichiometric interpoly-electrolyte complexes takes place in the solvent with the same composition as that when the most significant unfolding of the polyanion chain was observed. The phase separation during the complex formation by the interpolymer reaction with copolyamide containing 5% of units with sulfonate groups or copolymer of acrylonitrile with N,N-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate is not observed.

Preparation of Poly(Vinylbenzyl Chloride)@Lead Sulfide (PVBC@PbS) Core-Shell Nanospheres and Adsorption of Phenol

2013 ◽  
Vol 704 ◽  
pp. 270-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Ye ◽  
Lan Ping Sun ◽  
Sheng Ping Gao
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Lead Sulfide ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Methyl Chloride ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Subsequent Reaction ◽  
Chloride Lead ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
The Fourier Transform ◽  
Average Size

We have demonstrated the fabrication of novel poly(vinylbenzyl chloride)@lead sulfide (PVBC@PbS) core-shell nanospheres via the atom transfer reversible polymerization (ATRP) of lead dimethacrylate (Pb(MA)2) initiated from methyl chloride groups on surfaces of PVBC nanoparticles and subsequent reaction with ethanethioamide. The chemical structure of the PVBC@PbS nanospheres was confirmed by the fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and the morphology of the nanospheres were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The average size of the nanospheres was determined to be about 100 nm. The PVBC@PbS nanospheres were able to absorb phenol in the solution, and the balanced adsorption capability of phenol to nanospheres could reach to 7.2 μg/mg.

TEMPO-Mediated Oxidation of Pullulan and Influence of Ionic Strength and Linear Charge Density on the Dimensions of the Obtained Polyelectrolyte Chains

1996 ◽  
Vol 29 (20) ◽  
pp. 6541-6547 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. J. de Nooy ◽  
A. C. Besemer ◽  
H. van Bekkum ◽  
J. A. P. P. van Dijk ◽  
J. A. M. Smit
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Charge Density ◽  
Linear Charge ◽  
Linear Charge Density ◽  
Mediated Oxidation

Study on Optimization of Blasting Parameters and its Effect on Anchoring Rock Beam of a Underground Workshop

2011 ◽  
Vol 90-93 ◽  
pp. 2045-2052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Liang Zhang ◽  
Xin Ping Li
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Protective Layer ◽  
Surrounding Rock ◽  
Linear Charge ◽  
Linear Charge Density ◽  
Joint Development ◽  
The Neural Networks ◽  
Optimum Model ◽  
Smooth Blasting ◽  
Rock Beam

The optimum model for blasting parameters of anchoring rock beam is established and its blasting parameters are optimized by making use of a strong mapped function of the neural networks technology with the typical samples of other practical smooth blasting parameters. The explosive types, the extent of joint development of rock mass, the diameter of bore-hole, the depth of bore-hole, the linear charge density, the burden line of least resistance and the spacing of bore-hole are considered as the primary effective factors in the excavation of anchoring rock beam. In the meantime, the experimental blasting parameters for anchoring rock beam are determined by the in-site blasting experiments of the protective layer and platform of rock mass in similar conditions. The results show that the in-site experimental blasting parameters are preferably identical to those of the optimum design. The acoustic wave examination for the blasting of the protective layer and platform of rock mass indicates that the blasting effect is satisfied and its smaller loose ring of surrounding rock mass is obtained.

scholarly journals Manufacturing of amber particles suitable for composite fibre melt spinning

2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-57
Author(s):  
Inga Ļ Ļašenko ◽  
Sergejs Gaidukovs ◽  
Jūlija Rombovska
Keyword(s):  
Melt Spinning ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Polyamide 6 ◽  
Polyamide Fibre ◽  
Ball Mills ◽  
Composite Fibre ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Experimental Findings

Abstract Polyamide fibre containing amber particles was fabricated. The amber particles were obtained by grinding technology using planetary ball-mills. Scanning electron microscopy and granulometry testing were used to characterise the structure and the size of prepared amber particles. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to analyse the chemical structure of the amber particles. The amber particles were characterised with average size up to 3 μm. The chemical composition of amber before and after the grinding remained unchanged. The amber particles were melt-extruded using polyamide 6 as the matrix. Melt spinning processing was used to fabricate polyamide-amber filaments. Pre-oriented yarns and fully drawn yarns were obtained after hotdrawing experiments. Reported experimental findings of amber composite fibre could be important for textile applications.

scholarly journals Composition and Structure of Coal Organic Mass. Analytical Review

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-319
Author(s):  
Vadim Barsky ◽  
◽  
Vitaly Gulyaev ◽  
Andriy Rudnitsky ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Chemical Potential ◽  
Solid Fuels ◽  
Organic Mass ◽  
Coal Structure ◽  
Critical Comparison ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Analytical Review

The research works dedicated to the formation regularities of solid fuels chemical structure were analyzed. Modern conceptions of coals chemical structure, which are becoming deeper owing to tooling growth and facts accumulation, were examined by means of critical comparison of different hypothetical models of solid fuels “molecular” structure. The most general points of the respective theories were formulated, according to which “soft” influence on coal structure primary elements bonds system allows bringing its chemical potential to the maximum.

scholarly journals Preparation and pH Controlled Release of Fe3O4/Anthocyanin Magnetic Biocomposites

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2077
Author(s):  
Xizhi Jiang ◽  
Qingbao Guan ◽  
Min Feng ◽  
Mengyang Wang ◽  
Nina Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Surface ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Magnetic Nanoparticle ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Drug Storage ◽  
Acidic Conditions ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Fe3o4 Magnetic Nanoparticle

Anthocyanins are a class of antioxidants extracted from plants, with a variety of biochemical and pharmacological properties. However, the wide and effective applications of anthocyanins have been limited by their relatively low stability and bioavailability. In order to expand the application of anthocyanins, Fe3O4/anthocyanin magnetic biocomposite was fabricated for the storage and release of anthocyanin in this work. The magnetic biocomposite of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticle-loaded anthocyanin was prepared through physical intermolecular adsorption or covalent cross-linking. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and thermal analysis were used to characterize the biocomposite. In addition, the anthocyanin releasing experiments were performed. The optimized condition for the Fe3O4/anthocyanin magnetic biocomposite preparation was determined to be at 60 °C for 20 h in weak alkaline solution. The smooth surface of biocomposite from SEM suggested that anthocyanin was coated on the surface of the Fe3O4 particles successfully. The average size of the Fe3O4/anthocyanin magnetic biocomposite was about 222 nm. Under acidic conditions, the magnetic biocomposite solids could be repeatable released anthocyanin, with the same chemical structure as the anthocyanin before compounding. Therefore, anthocyanin can be effectively adsorbed and released by this magnetic biocomposite. Overall, this work shows that Fe3O4/anthocyanin magnetic biocomposite has great potential for future applications as a drug storage and delivery nanoplatform that is adaptable to medical, food and sensing.

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