scholarly journals A multiregional sources of growth model for school enrolment projections

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-40
Author(s):  
James Raymer ◽  
Nicholas Biddle ◽  
Qing Guan
Keyword(s):  
Student Mobility ◽  
Transition Model ◽  
Cohort Model ◽  
School Enrolment ◽  
Government Schools ◽  
Projection Model ◽  
Education Planning ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Growth Approach ◽  
Better Than

Background: Education planning requires accurate and efficient projection models. Current projection models either do not make use of all available information and are reliant on idiosyncratic expert judgement, or are too complex to be maintained and explained. Aims: To test whether a multiregional projection model performs better than current methodology in explaining and projecting school enrolments in a school system with student mobility. Data and methods: A multiregional cohort model was developed for projecting enrolments for multiple schools or districts simultaneously. For illustration, data were obtained for all government schools in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) for the years 2008–2016. Multiregional projections were compared with a cohort transition model and the ACT Education Directorate’s own projections. Results: (i) There is great diversity in the sources of school enrolment growth that need to be accommodated in enrolment projections; and (ii) multiregional projections perform slightly better than traditional methods with less effort and more transparency. Conclusion: A sources of growth approach guides the understanding of enrolment change, which is critical for making informed projections.

Comparison of Probabilistic and Possibility Theory-Based Methods for Design Against Catastrophic Failure Under Uncertainty

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Efstratios Nikolaidis ◽  
Harley Cudney ◽  
Sophie Chen ◽  
Raphael T. Haftka ◽  
Raluca Rosca
Keyword(s):  
Probabilistic Models ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Possibility Theory ◽  
Probabilistic Methods ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Catastrophic Failure ◽  
Design Problems ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Theoretical Foundations ◽  
Better Than

Abstract This paper compares probabilistic and possibility-based methods for design against catastrophic failure under uncertainty. It studies the effect of the amount of information on the effectiveness of each method. The study is confined to problems where the boundary between survival and failure is sharp. First, the paper examines the theoretical foundations of probability and possibility. It also compares the two methods when they are used to assess the risk of a system. Finally, it compares the two methods on two design problems. A major difference between probability and possibility is in the axioms about the union of events. Because of this difference, probability and possibility calculi are fundamentally different and one cannot simulate possibility calculus using probabilistic models. It is shown that possibility-based methods can be less conservative than probability-based methods in systems with many failure modes. On the other hand, possibility-based methods tend to be more conservative than probability-based methods in systems that fail only if many unfavorable events occur simultaneously. Probabilistic methods are better than possibility-based methods if sufficient information is available. However, the latter can be better if little information is available. A principal reason is that it is easier to identify the most conservative possibilistic model than the most conservative probabilistic model that is consistent with the available information.

The English-Only Myth

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Giridhar Rao
Keyword(s):  
Private Schools ◽  
Education System ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Government Schools ◽  
English Only ◽  
Multilingual Education ◽  
Medium Education ◽  
Education In India ◽  
Better Than

The first section of this overview starts by briefly sketching the state of the school education system in India. We then note that English-medium private schools are often not much better than government schools (whether English-medium or not). The second section argues that English-medium education in India must be seen in the larger context of a mother-tongue-medium education. English-medium-only education in India gives poor educational results, and it increases social inequalities. The way forward lies in a mother-tongue-based multilingual education that includes English.

scholarly journals Springtime Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) Control with Seven Postemergence Herbicides Applied at Three Anthesis Stages

HortScience ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 1212-1216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zane Raudenbush ◽  
Steven J. Keeley
Keyword(s):  
Effective Control ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Bloom Control ◽  
Irrigation Control ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides ◽  
Better Than

Although spring is not considered the optimal time for herbicidal control of most cool-season broadleaf weeds in turfgrass, spring applications are often required. Most new postemergence broadleaf herbicides combine several active ingredients, possibly resulting in synergistic, antagonistic, or additive effects. Therefore, as new herbicides become available, information is needed about their performance when applied in the spring. The objective of our study was to determine the effect of spring application timing on dandelion control with seven commercially available postemergence herbicides. Products were applied at their lowest labeled rate for dandelion control at three spring application timings, which coincided with dandelion anthesis stages (pre-, peak-, or post-bloom). A grid was used to determine percent dandelion control at several rating dates. The 2010 site had a denser turfgrass stand with smaller dandelions and was irrigated more frequently compared with the 2011 site. In 2010, all herbicides gave 98% or greater control at 30 days after treatment (DAT) when applied post-bloom; when applied pre- or peak-bloom, control was 80% or greater for all herbicides except for two products applied peak-bloom. At pre- and peak-bloom, products combining a protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitor with a 2,4-D ester formulation were superior to most other herbicides. When evaluated at the end of the growing season in 2010, all herbicides provided 89% or greater control at all three timings. In 2011, with a less dense turfgrass stand, larger dandelions, and less frequent irrigation, control was more variable and shorter-lived among herbicides. When applied pre-bloom, all products containing 2,4-D provided 87% or greater control 60 DAT. Post-bloom application generally gave similar control to the pre-bloom timing. Peak-bloom application resulted in the poorest overall control at 60 DAT, but products combining a PPO inhibitor with a 2,4-D ester formulation performed better than most other herbicides. By the end of the season, dandelion regrowth caused reduced overall control at all timings, but overall control was poorest when applied at peak-bloom. In summary, peak-bloom applications should be avoided, especially if dandelion pressure is high. Products combining PPO inhibitors with ester forms of 2,4-D were most effective across all spring application timings. Products containing amine forms of 2,4-D may provide effective control if applied pre- or post-bloom.

scholarly journals Nanoemulsions as Edible Coatings: A Potential Strategy for Fresh Fruits and Vegetables Preservation

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2438
Author(s):  
Josemar Gonçalves de Oliveira de Oliveira Filho ◽  
Marcela Miranda ◽  
Marcos David Ferreira ◽  
Anne Plotto
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Food Storage ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Edible Coatings ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Potential Strategy ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Better Than

Fresh fruits and vegetables are perishable commodities requiring technologies to extend their postharvest shelf life. Edible coatings have been used as a strategy to preserve fresh fruits and vegetables in addition to cold storage and/or controlled atmosphere. In recent years, nanotechnology has emerged as a new strategy for improving coating properties. Coatings based on plant-source nanoemulsions in general have a better water barrier, and better mechanical, optical, and microstructural properties in comparison with coatings based on conventional emulsions. When antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds are incorporated into the coatings, nanocoatings enable the gradual and controlled release of those compounds over the food storage period better than conventional emulsions, hence increasing their bioactivity, extending shelf life, and improving nutritional produce quality. The main goal of this review is to update the available information on the use of nanoemulsions as coatings for preserving fresh fruits and vegetables, pointing to a prospective view and future applications.

Assessing floristic representativeness in the protected areas national system of Chile: are vegetation types a good surrogate for plant species?

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-207
Author(s):  
RAFAEL URBINA-CASANOVA ◽  
FEDERICO LUEBERT ◽  
PATRICIO PLISCOFF ◽  
ROSA A. SCHERSON
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Conservation Planning ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Vascular Flora ◽  
National System ◽  
Flora Of Chile ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Better Than

SUMMARYConservation planning relies heavily on representativeness patterns. In Chile, this has not been assessed at the species level. This study evaluates floristic representativeness in the National System of Protected Areas (SNASPE). Species rarefaction and non-parametric estimators were used to extrapolate total representativeness. Given that conservation planning in Chile is mainly based on protecting vegetation types, the effectiveness of using vegetation types as a surrogate of plant species was evaluated based on richness and complementarity. The study found available information for 42% of the 96 protected areas of continental Chile. According to this information the SNASPE protects at least 48% of the native vascular flora. The southern area protects the largest number of species, most of which are non-endemic natives. The largest number of endemic protected species was found in the central-northern area. The SNASPE in its full range is projected to protect 64% of the vascular flora of Chile. Richness and complementarity surrogacy analyses showed weak effectiveness of vegetation types as a surrogate of plant species, although complementarity performed slightly better than richness. Surrogacy effectiveness was lower for endemic species, probably due to their narrow distributions that are more easily missed when vegetation types are considered instead.

A Divorce Transition Model

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina M. Steefel
Keyword(s):  
Transition Theory ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Transition Model ◽  
Comprehensive Model ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Available Information

A comprehensive model of divorce experience can provide a useful framework for organizing available information, for incorporating research results, and for planning therapeutic interventions with divorcing clients. The concept that the experience of divorce can be thought of as a cluster of specific small divorces is combined with transition theory to form such a model. Examples of application for practice are provided.

scholarly journals Gradient-Aware Model-Based Policy Search

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (04) ◽  
pp. 3801-3808
Author(s):  
Pierluca D'Oro ◽  
Alberto Maria Metelli ◽  
Andrea Tirinzoni ◽  
Matteo Papini ◽  
Marcello Restelli
Keyword(s):  
Transition Model ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Policy Improvement ◽  
Policy Search ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Misspecified Model ◽  
Policy Gradient ◽  
Search Approach ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Novel Model

Traditional model-based reinforcement learning approaches learn a model of the environment dynamics without explicitly considering how it will be used by the agent. In the presence of misspecified model classes, this can lead to poor estimates, as some relevant available information is ignored. In this paper, we introduce a novel model-based policy search approach that exploits the knowledge of the current agent policy to learn an approximate transition model, focusing on the portions of the environment that are most relevant for policy improvement. We leverage a weighting scheme, derived from the minimization of the error on the model-based policy gradient estimator, in order to define a suitable objective function that is optimized for learning the approximate transition model. Then, we integrate this procedure into a batch policy improvement algorithm, named Gradient-Aware Model-based Policy Search (GAMPS), which iteratively learns a transition model and uses it, together with the collected trajectories, to compute the new policy parameters. Finally, we empirically validate GAMPS on benchmark domains analyzing and discussing its properties.

Automation Bias and Errors: Are Teams Better than Individuals?

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen L. Mosier ◽  
Melisa Dunbar ◽  
Lori McDonnell ◽  
Linda J. Skitka ◽  
Mark Burdick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Seeking ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Pilot Performance ◽  
Fire Event ◽  
Commission Errors ◽  
Explicit Training ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Decision Environments ◽  
Omission Errors ◽  
Better Than

A series of recent studies has identified two classes of errors that commonly emerge in highly automated decision environments: (1) omission errors, defined as failures to respond to system irregularities or events because automated devices fail to detect or indicate them; and (2) commission errors, which occur when people incorrectly follow an automated directive or recommendation, without verifying it against other available information, or in spite of contra-indications from other sources of information. These errors are hypothesized to be the result of “automation bias,” the use of automation as a heuristic replacement for vigilant information seeking and processing. Two concurrent studies, using students and professional pilots as participants, demonstrated the persistence of automation bias in crews compared with solo performers, despite display enhancements and explicit training to verify automated functioning. Training that focused on automation bias and associated errors successfully reduced omission errors in students. Pilot performance during the experimental legs was most highly predicted by performance on the control leg and by event importance. The previously found “phantom memory” phenomenon associated with a false engine fire event persisted in crews.

scholarly journals Emotional Maturity of Tribal and Non-Tribal Pre – Adolescents: A Study of Gandhari Region in Nizamabad District

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deva Anjali
Keyword(s):  
Private Schools ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Government Schools ◽  
Community Culture ◽  
Emotional Maturity ◽  
Telangana State ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Type Of School ◽  
Better Than

Scheduled Tribes in the Gandhari area of Nizamabad District in Telangana State is interior area in the state. It is the most primitive area where tribal are living. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of gender, community culture and type of school on emotional maturity of tribal and non-tribal pre-adolescents in Gandhari area. Present study sample comprised of 150 students. Their age range was 13 to 16 years. To assess emotional maturity, Emotional maturity scale. After careful examination of data results indicate that gender played a significant role in emotional maturity, females performed significantly better than the males, non-tribal children were better than their tribal counterparts and type of school also played significant role, where students of private schools had better emotional maturity than students of government schools.

scholarly journals SEPIA: Simulation-based Evaluation of Prioritization Algorithms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly Almaraz ◽  
Tyler Jang ◽  
McKenna Lewis ◽  
Titan Ngo ◽  
Miranda Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cluster Growth ◽  
Contact Networks ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Public Health Officials ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Growth Approach ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Background: The ability to prioritize people living with HIV by risk of future transmissions could aid public health officials in optimizing epidemiological intervention. While methods exist to perform such prioritization based on molecular data, their effectiveness and accuracy are poorly understood, and it is unclear how one can directly compare the accuracy of different methods. We introduce SEPIA (Simulation-based Evaluation of PrIoritization Algorithms), a novel simulation-based framework for determining the effectiveness of prioritization algorithms. Under several metrics of effectiveness that we propose, we utilize various properties of the simulated contact networks and transmission histories to compare existing prioritization approaches: one phylogenetic (ProACT) and one distance-based (growth of HIV-TRACE transmission clusters). Results: Using all metrics of effectiveness that we propose, ProACT consistently slightly outperformed the transmission cluster growth approach. However, both methods consistently performed just marginally better than random, suggesting that there is significant room for improvement in prioritization tools. Conclusion: We hope that, by providing ways to quantify the effectiveness of prioritization methods in simulation, SEPIA will aid researchers in developing novel tools for prioritizing people living with HIV by risk offuture transmissions.

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