A Divorce Transition Model

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina M. Steefel
Keyword(s):  
Transition Theory ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Transition Model ◽  
Comprehensive Model ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Available Information

A comprehensive model of divorce experience can provide a useful framework for organizing available information, for incorporating research results, and for planning therapeutic interventions with divorcing clients. The concept that the experience of divorce can be thought of as a cluster of specific small divorces is combined with transition theory to form such a model. Examples of application for practice are provided.

Food in transition: The place of food in the theories of transition

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 702-724
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Poulain
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Structural Transformation ◽  
Stable State ◽  
Transition Theory ◽  
Transition Model ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Progressive Movement ◽  
Biological Variables ◽  
Multidisciplinary Perspective ◽  
Theories Of Transition

Among the different theories used to explain social change, the transition theory holds a special place. It has been applied to subjects such as demography, epidemiology, nutrition, etc. and most often from a multidisciplinary perspective. However, beyond the apparent uniqueness of the transition label there are quite different theoretical frameworks and presuppositions, which can be a source of misunderstanding. A first perspective considers change as the transition from one stable state to another and concentrates on the processes at work in the transition phase. It focuses attention on the interactions between cultural and biological variables and tries to take into account the consequences of the fact that they move at different rates. A second perspective conceives change as a series of stages (more or less stable situations) and proceeds to analyse the structural transformation of the organisation at each stage. The emphasis is placed on the transformations that take place during these stages. This brings us closer to the theory of stages. Finally, a third perspective combines stages and transitions. Change is seen as part of an evolutionary and progressive movement and as being reversible or not. This article studies the cognitive organisation of the different theoretical variants of the transition model in which food plays a more or less important role.

scholarly journals New Perspectives on Innovative Drug Discovery: An Overview

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Si Yuan Pan ◽  
Shan Pan ◽  
Zhi-Ling Yu ◽  
Dik-Lung Ma ◽  
Si-Bao Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Biomedical Science ◽  
Innovative Drug ◽  
Alternative Medicines ◽  
Traditional Remedies ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Rate Of Success ◽  
Total Sales

Despite advances in technology, drug discovery is still a lengthy, expensive, difficult, and inefficient process, with a low rate of success. Today, advances in biomedical science have brought about great strides in therapeutic interventions for a wide spectrum of diseases. The advent of biochemical techniques and cutting-edge bio/chemical technologies has made available a plethora of practical approaches to drug screening and design. In 2010, the total sales of the global pharmaceutical market will reach 600 billion US dollars and expand to over 975 billion dollars by 2013. The aim of this review is to summarize available information on contemporary approaches and strategies in the discovery of novel therapeutic agents, especially from the complementary and alternative medicines, including natural products and traditional remedies such as Chinese herbal medicine.

scholarly journals Epigenetic Alterations in Muscular Disorders

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Lanzuolo
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Neuromuscular Disorders ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Muscular Disorders ◽  
Quality Stability ◽  
Available Information

Epigenetic mechanisms, acting via chromatin organization, fix in time and space different transcriptional programs and contribute to the quality, stability, and heritability of cell-specific transcription programs. In the last years, great advances have been made in our understanding of mechanisms by which this occurs in normal subjects. However, only a small part of the complete picture has been revealed. Abnormal gene expression patterns are often implicated in the development of different diseases, and thus epigenetic studies from patients promise to fill an important lack of knowledge, deciphering aberrant molecular mechanisms at the basis of pathogenesis and diseases progression. The identification of epigenetic modifications that could be used as targets for therapeutic interventions could be particularly timely in the light of pharmacologically reversion of pathological perturbations, avoiding changes in DNA sequences. Here I discuss the available information on epigenetic mechanisms that, altered in neuromuscular disorders, could contribute to the progression of the disease.

scholarly journals COELENTERATE TOXINS, ITS PHARMACEUTICAL AND THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-19
Author(s):  
SIMRAN SHARMA ◽  
RAVI KANT UPADHYAY
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Venom Toxin ◽  
Immunological Reactions ◽  
Parasitic Activity ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Diverse Biological Activity

Present review article emphasizes species specific coelenterate toxins, its pharmaceutical and therapeutic effects. Most of the coelenterates inflict venom accidently by using nematocysts found on arms. These animals very quickly do massive and multiple inflictions of venom which causes cardiotoxicity that leads to the death of human beings. Coelenterate venom toxin groups differ in their composition and show diverse biological activity i.e. cytolytic or neurotoxic, hemolytic, anti-parasitic activity, α-amylase inhibitor activity, and analgesic activity anti-cancerous and antitumor activity, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity. Coelenterate venom initiates toxic and immunological reactions exert their effects by modifying the properties of the ion channels involved in action potential generation in nerve, heart, and skeletal muscles. This article suggests available information, on coelenterate toxins could be used to develop potential therapeutic interventions for various human diseases and disorders.

Biomarkers and laryngopharyngeal reflux

2011 ◽  
Vol 125 (12) ◽  
pp. 1218-1224 ◽  
Author(s):  
J M Wood ◽  
D J Hussey ◽  
C M Woods ◽  
D I Watson ◽  
A S Carney
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Laryngopharyngeal Reflux ◽  
Mucosal Injury ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Comprehensive Model ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrases ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrase Iii ◽  
Mucin Expression ◽  
E Cadherin

AbstractLaryngopharyngeal reflux is a controversial but increasingly made diagnosis used in patients with a collection of often non-specific laryngeal symptoms. It is a clinical diagnosis, and its pathophysiology is currently poorly understood.Previous reflux research has focused on injurious agents, acid, pepsin and biomarker expression. Failure of intrinsic defences in the larynx may cause changes in laryngeal epithelia, particularly alterations in carbonic anhydrases and E-cadherin. Carbonic anhydrase III levels vary in the larynx in response to laryngopharyngeal reflux, depending on location. Expression of E-cadherin, a known tumour suppressor, is reduced in the presence of reflux. Mucin expression also varies according to the severity of reflux.Further research is required to define the clinical entity of laryngopharyngeal reflux, and to identify a definitive mechanism for mucosal injury. Understanding this mechanism should allow the development of a comprehensive model, which would enable future diagnostic and therapeutic interventions to be developed.

scholarly journals Gradient-Aware Model-Based Policy Search

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (04) ◽  
pp. 3801-3808
Author(s):  
Pierluca D'Oro ◽  
Alberto Maria Metelli ◽  
Andrea Tirinzoni ◽  
Matteo Papini ◽  
Marcello Restelli
Keyword(s):  
Transition Model ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Policy Improvement ◽  
Policy Search ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Misspecified Model ◽  
Policy Gradient ◽  
Search Approach ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Novel Model

Traditional model-based reinforcement learning approaches learn a model of the environment dynamics without explicitly considering how it will be used by the agent. In the presence of misspecified model classes, this can lead to poor estimates, as some relevant available information is ignored. In this paper, we introduce a novel model-based policy search approach that exploits the knowledge of the current agent policy to learn an approximate transition model, focusing on the portions of the environment that are most relevant for policy improvement. We leverage a weighting scheme, derived from the minimization of the error on the model-based policy gradient estimator, in order to define a suitable objective function that is optimized for learning the approximate transition model. Then, we integrate this procedure into a batch policy improvement algorithm, named Gradient-Aware Model-based Policy Search (GAMPS), which iteratively learns a transition model and uses it, together with the collected trajectories, to compute the new policy parameters. Finally, we empirically validate GAMPS on benchmark domains analyzing and discussing its properties.

scholarly journals THE IMPORTANCE OF SCIENCE FOR IMPROVING COMPETITIVENESS OF NATIONAL ECONOMY

2019 ◽  
pp. 013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miloš S Krstić ◽  
Bojan Krstić ◽  
Ratomir Antonović
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
The Future ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Global Competitiveness Report

TThe aim of the paper is to examine the interdependence of the selected indicators from the Global Competitiveness Report and the Innovation pillar, which is used as a proxy indicator of the science competitiveness. This relationship is analyzed within the sample of 9 countries. The analysis uses available information sources in WEFs annual reports. The key contribution of this paper consists in providing clearer into factors competitiveness in the analyzed countries and pointing out the priority actions for the authorities to improve and increase the competitiveness level of science, and its contribution to the national economy competitiveness level. The research results can serve policy makers in shaping strategies and policies for the competitiveness improvement and the future of economic development in the analyzed countries.

scholarly journals Epigenetics of Myotonic Dystrophies: A Minireview

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (22) ◽  
pp. 12594
Author(s):  
Virginia Veronica Visconti ◽  
Federica Centofanti ◽  
Simona Fittipaldi ◽  
Elisa Macrì ◽  
Giuseppe Novelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Cytosine Methylation ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Prevailing Paradigm ◽  
Epigenetic Biomarkers ◽  
Repeat Expansions ◽  
Cctg Repeat ◽  
In Trans ◽  
Toxic Rna ◽  
Available Information

Myotonic dystrophy type 1 and 2 (DM1 and DM2) are two multisystemic autosomal dominant disorders with clinical and genetic similarities. The prevailing paradigm for DMs is that they are mediated by an in trans toxic RNA mechanism, triggered by untranslated CTG and CCTG repeat expansions in the DMPK and CNBP genes for DM1 and DM2, respectively. Nevertheless, increasing evidences suggest that epigenetics can also play a role in the pathogenesis of both diseases. In this review, we discuss the available information on epigenetic mechanisms that could contribute to the DMs outcome and progression. Changes in DNA cytosine methylation, chromatin remodeling and expression of regulatory noncoding RNAs are described, with the intent of depicting an epigenetic signature of DMs. Epigenetic biomarkers have a strong potential for clinical application since they could be used as targets for therapeutic interventions avoiding changes in DNA sequences. Moreover, understanding their clinical significance may serve as a diagnostic indicator in genetic counselling in order to improve genotype–phenotype correlations in DM patients.

scholarly journals A multiregional sources of growth model for school enrolment projections

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-40
Author(s):  
James Raymer ◽  
Nicholas Biddle ◽  
Qing Guan
Keyword(s):  
Student Mobility ◽  
Transition Model ◽  
Cohort Model ◽  
School Enrolment ◽  
Government Schools ◽  
Projection Model ◽  
Education Planning ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Growth Approach ◽  
Better Than

Background: Education planning requires accurate and efficient projection models. Current projection models either do not make use of all available information and are reliant on idiosyncratic expert judgement, or are too complex to be maintained and explained. Aims: To test whether a multiregional projection model performs better than current methodology in explaining and projecting school enrolments in a school system with student mobility. Data and methods: A multiregional cohort model was developed for projecting enrolments for multiple schools or districts simultaneously. For illustration, data were obtained for all government schools in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) for the years 2008–2016. Multiregional projections were compared with a cohort transition model and the ACT Education Directorate’s own projections. Results: (i) There is great diversity in the sources of school enrolment growth that need to be accommodated in enrolment projections; and (ii) multiregional projections perform slightly better than traditional methods with less effort and more transparency. Conclusion: A sources of growth approach guides the understanding of enrolment change, which is critical for making informed projections.

scholarly journals Inflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Equilibrium, Proliferative and Antiproliferative Balance: The Role of Cytokines in Multiple Myeloma

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caterina Musolino ◽  
Alessandro Allegra ◽  
Vanessa Innao ◽  
Andrea Gaetano Allegra ◽  
Giovanni Pioggia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Antiproliferative Effects ◽  
Inflammatory Immune Response ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Available Information ◽  
The Relationship

Multiple myeloma (MM) is typically exemplified by a desynchronized cytokine system with increased levels of inflammatory cytokines. We focused on the contrast between inflammatory and anti-inflammatory systems by assessing the role of cytokines and their influence on MM. The aim of this review is to summarize the available information to date concerning this equilibrium to provide an overview of the research exploring the roles of serum cytokines in MM. However, the association between MM and inflammatory cytokines appears to be inadequate, and other functions, such as pro-proliferative or antiproliferative effects, can assume the role of cytokines in the genesis and progression of MM. It is possible that inflammation, when guided by cancer-specific Th1 cells, may inhibit tumour onset and progression. In a Th1 microenvironment, proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-6 and IL-1) may contribute to tumour eradication by attracting leucocytes from the circulation and by increasing CD4+T cell activity. Hence, caution should be used when considering therapies that target factors with pro- or anti-inflammatory activity. Drugs that may reduce the tumour-suppressive Th1-driven inflammatory immune response should be avoided. A better understanding of the relationship between inflammation and myeloma will ensure more effective therapeutic interventions.

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