ŞİZOFRENİ TANILI BİREYLERDE MOTİVASYONEL GÖRÜŞME YÖNTEMİNİN İLAÇ UYUMUNA ETKİSİ: BİR META-ANALİZ ÇALIŞMASI

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (17) ◽  
pp. 30-43
Author(s):  
Sevda UZUN ◽  
Nermin GÜRHAN
Keyword(s):  
Motivational Interview ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Drug Compliance ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Interview Method ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Turkish Society

This main purpose is to reveal the drug compliance of motivational interview method in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia as an information to previous studies. The research was carried out by scanning the articles in PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCOhost, Pscyh-Info, Turkish Psychiatry Directory, Ulakbim, YÖK National Thesis Center, Dergipark, Turkish Medline and Turkiye Klinikleri databases between January-February 2021. 1713 records were reached in the screening. The full text of 825 articles were examined according to the access and exclusion criteria, and 4 studies reporting results about the effect of motivational interviewing on drug compliance in individuals with schizophrenia were included in the analysis. The studies included a total of 384 individuals, including 190 (49.47%) and 194 (51.53%) individuals in the control group. Three of the studies were randomized controlled experimental studies and one was pretest-posttest controlled experimental study. Our study concluded that the motivational interview method is effective in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia. Perhaps this research is recommended to be conducted for researches on research articles in Turkish society on the basis of written research.

scholarly journals Cross-transfer of motor control in visuomotor tasks. Systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 358-366
Author(s):  
Javier Ruiz-Seijoso ◽  
Yaiza Taboada-Iglesias
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Randomized Trials ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Motor Ability ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Education ◽  
Visuomotor Tasks ◽  
Visuomotor Skills

Introduction: The term “cross-education” describes the perfomance improvement, both in motor control and strength, of a limb after training the opposite. Despite its current interest, there is no consensus on many concepts of the transfer of a visuomotor skill. The aim of the present research was to review the current literature on the phenomenon of cross-education in visuomotor skills in order to determine the magnitude of transference and its relationships with the context of the intervention. Results: A literature search was conducted during December 2019 in the databases Pubmed, CINAHL, MEDLINE, Web of Science, SPORTdiscus and Scopus. The descriptors “Motor ability” and “Motor skill” were used, in addition to the keywords “Motor control”, “skill”, “Task”, “cross over effect”, “cross exercise”, “contralateral learning”, “inter limb transfer “,” cross transfer “,” cross education “. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 19 articles were obtained for analysis. Of these articles, 12 are RCTs, 4 crossover clinical trial, 2 are non-randomized trials and only 1 lacks a control group. Most of the articles consist of a short-term intervention. Only 5 studies are of a duration of between 4 and 6 weeks. Conclusion: the cross-education phenomenon occurs in visuomotor skills. However, the magnitude of transference and its relation to the amount of learning of the trained member seems to be very variable depending on the context of the intervention. Likewise, the scarce consensus and the methodological differences in the studies make it difficult to draw firm conclusions about the effects of the context on the transference.

scholarly journals A systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy of medical masks and N95 respirators for protection against respiratory infectious diseases, including COVID-19 in medical staff

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Gao-hong Wu ◽  
MB Ping Jiang ◽  
MB Huan Yuan ◽  
Shi ◽  
Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Protection ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Respiratory Infectious Diseases ◽  
N95 Respirators

Abstract To evaluate the efficacy of N95 respirators and medical masks for protection against respiratory infectious diseases, including COVID-19. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies evaluating the use of N95 respirators and medical masks for protection against respiratory infectious diseases. We retrieved relevant articles published from January 1994 to January 2020 by searching the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Web of Science databases. The study quality was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool with RevMan 5.3 software. Eleven RCTs adjusted for clustering were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with the control group, N95 respirators or medical masks conferred significant protection against respiratory infectious diseases (odds ratio (OR) = 0.50; 95% CI: 0.29–0.84). Compared to medical masks, N95 respirators conferred significant protection against respiratory infectious diseases (OR = 0.75; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.57–0.99). Meta-analysis of 10 observational studies adjusting for clustering also suggested that N95 respirators and medical masks are effective for protection against respiratory infectious diseases (OR = 0.59; 95% CI: 0.42–0.82). However, only one case report showed the effectiveness of medical masks for preventing COVID-19. Although medical masks and N95 respirators may confer significant protection against respiratory infectious diseases, there is insufficient evidence to conclude that these types of personal protective equipment offer similar protection against COVID-19. Therefore, in the absence of sufficient resources during an epidemic, medical masks and N95 respirators should be reserved for high-risk, aerosol-generating producing procedures.

scholarly journals Effect of Exercise on Fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis Patients: A Network Meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuting Chen ◽  
Shanshan Xu ◽  
Jiran Shen ◽  
Hui Yang ◽  
Wei Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients ◽  
Better Than

AbstractFew studies have directly compared the effects of different exercise therapies on reducing fatigue in patients with multiple sclerosis. Thus, we conducted a Frequentist network meta-analysis to analyze and compare the effectiveness of different types of exercise on reducing multiple sclerosis-related fatigue. Relevant randomized controlled trials were searched in PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases from the date of their inception up to April 1, 2021. In total, 27 articles involving 1470 participants and 10 types of interventions met the inclusion criteria. The results indicated that aquatic exercise ranked as the most effective among these interventions, and aerobic exercise had small-to-moderate effect sizes. Most of the interventions were shown to be better than the control group, except for climbing. Climbing was the only intervention that ranked worse than the controls. All of these findings merit further investigation in future clinical trials.

scholarly journals Impact of Septic Bundle on Critically Ill Patients Outcomes: Scoping Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-42
Author(s):  
Dalia Zaki Rehbeini
Keyword(s):  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Cochrane Collaboration ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Mortality Probability

Objective: This review is aimed to evaluate the effect of implementing the septic bundle on critically ill patients’ outcomes. Methodology: Cochrane Collaboration, MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, Science Direct, Web of Science, Scopus and PubMed were searched, covering the period 2008 to 2019. Only cohort, case-control and randomized controlled trial studies with full text in English were eligible. Studies that discussed the effect of implementing the septic bundle on critically ill patients' outcomes were only included. Results: Out of 1,551 articles searched, and after screening inclusion and exclusion criteria; ten articles only were met the inclusion criteria which have considered the effect of implementing a septic bundle on critically ill patients’ outcomes. All of these ten studies revealed a significant effect of the septic bundle on the clinical outcomes of critically ill patients especially mortality. Conclusion: This review confirmed that implementing septic bundle for critically ill patients has been significantly reduced outcomes which are length of hospital stay, length of stay at emergency department, mortality probability, admission to the intensive care unit and mechanical ventilation.

scholarly journals Did awarding badges increase data sharing in BMJ Open ? A randomized controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 191818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anisa Rowhani-Farid ◽  
Adrian Aldcroft ◽  
Adrian G. Barnett
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Data Sharing ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
And Control

Sharing data and code are important components of reproducible research. Data sharing in research is widely discussed in the literature; however, there are no well-established evidence-based incentives that reward data sharing, nor randomized studies that demonstrate the effectiveness of data sharing policies at increasing data sharing. A simple incentive, such as an Open Data Badge, might provide the change needed to increase data sharing in health and medical research. This study was a parallel group randomized controlled trial (protocol registration: doi:10.17605/OSF.IO/PXWZQ ) with two groups, control and intervention, with 80 research articles published in BMJ Open per group, with a total of 160 research articles. The intervention group received an email offer for an Open Data Badge if they shared their data along with their final publication and the control group received an email with no offer of a badge if they shared their data with their final publication. The primary outcome was the data sharing rate. Badges did not noticeably motivate researchers who published in BMJ Open to share their data; the odds of awarding badges were nearly equal in the intervention and control groups (odds ratio = 0.9, 95% CI [0.1, 9.0]). Data sharing rates were low in both groups, with just two datasets shared in each of the intervention and control groups. The global movement towards open science has made significant gains with the development of numerous data sharing policies and tools. What remains to be established is an effective incentive that motivates researchers to take up such tools to share their data.

Effect of a Chlorhexidine Mouthwash on the Risk of Postextraction Bacteremia

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (05) ◽  
pp. 577-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Tomás ◽  
M. Álvarez ◽  
J. Limeres ◽  
M. Tomás ◽  
J. Medina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Single Administration ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Microbiological Techniques ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Viridans Group Streptococci

Objective. To investigate the prevalence, duration, and etiology of bacteremia following dental extractions performed after a single administration of Chlorhexidine mouthwash. Design and Setting. A randomized, controlled trial performed in a university hospital. Methods. A series of 106 patients with mental and behavioral disabilities who underwent dental extractions under general anesthesia were randomly assigned to a control group or Chlorhexidine group. The exclusion criteria applied were use of antibiotics in the previous 3 months, use of oral antiseptics, any type of congenital or acquired immunodeficiency, and disease that predisposes the patient to infections or bleeding. The Chlorhexidine group had 0.2% Chlorhexidine mouthwash administered for 30 seconds before any dental manipulation. Blood samples were collected at baseline, 30 seconds, 15 minutes, and 1 hour after the dental extractions. Subculture and further identification of the isolated bacteria were performed by conventional microbiological techniques. Results. The prevalence of bacteremia after dental extraction in the control and Chlorhexidine groups were 96% and 79%, respectively, at 30 seconds (P = .008), 64% and 30% at 15 minutes (P <.001), and 20% and 2% at 1 hour (P = .005). The most frequently identified bacteria were Streptococcus species in both the control and Chlorhexidine groups (64% and 68%, respectively), particularly viridans group streptococci. Conclusion. We recommend the routine use of a 0.2% Chlorhexidine mouthwash before dental extractions to reduce the risk of postextraction bacteremia.

scholarly journals Systematic Review of Changes and Recovery in Physical Function and Fitness After Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome–Related Coronavirus Infection: Implications for COVID-19 Rehabilitation

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (10) ◽  
pp. 1717-1729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Rooney ◽  
Amy Webster ◽  
Lorna Paul
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Functional Impairments ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Rehabilitation Needs

Abstract Objective This review sought to (1) compare physical function and fitness outcomes in people infected with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) with healthy controls, (2) quantify the recovery of physical function and fitness following SARS-CoV infection, and (3) determine the effects of exercise following SARS-CoV infection. Methods Four databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, ProQuest, and Web of Science Core Collections) were searched in April 2020 using keywords relating to SARS-CoV, physical function, fitness, and exercise. Observational studies or randomized controlled trials were included if they involved people following SARS-CoV infection and either assessed the change or recovery in physical function/fitness or evaluated the effects exercise postinfection. Results A total 10 articles were included in this review. Evidence from 9 articles demonstrated that SARS-CoV patients had reduced levels of physical function and fitness postinfection compared with healthy controls. Furthermore, patients demonstrated incomplete recovery of physical function, with some experiencing residual impairments 1 to 2 years postinfection. Evidence from 1 randomized controlled trial found that a combined aerobic and resistance training intervention significantly improved physical function and fitness postinfection compared with a control group. Conclusions Physical function and fitness are impaired following SARS-CoV infection, and impairments may persist up to 1 to 2 years postinfection. Researchers and clinicians can use these findings to understand the potential impairments and rehabilitation needs of people recovering from the current coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. While 1 study demonstrated that exercise can improve physical function and fitness postinfection, further research is required to determine the effectiveness of exercise in people recovering from similar infections (eg, COVID-19). Impact Considering the similarities in pathology and clinical presentation of SARS-CoV and COVID-19, it is likely that COVID-19 patients will present with similar impairments to physical function. Accordingly, research is required to measure the extent of functional impairments in COVID-19 cohorts. In addition, research should evaluate whether rehabilitation interventions such as exercise can promote postinfection recovery.

The influence of probiotic drug Biolax-U on morphological and biochemical parameters of blood in cows

2020 ◽  
pp. 70-76
Author(s):  
A. Farkhutdinova
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Animal Blood ◽  
Black And White ◽  
White Breed

The expediency of using the probiotic drug Biolax-U in the rations of lactating and dry cows of Black-and-White breed has been studied and scientifically proved. The influence of this drug on the morphological and biochemical parameters of animal blood has been determined. The composition of the probiotic drug Biolax-U consists of eight strains of a balanced complex of living lactic acid bacteria, yeast and actinomycetes, as well as biologically active substances. For experimental studies conducted on 2 groups of cows have been selected by the method of pairs-analogs, the influence of feeding of feed have been prepared with the use of the microbiological drug with probiotic action Biolax-U on feed consumption, morphological and biochemical changes in blood has been studied. Analysis of the rations of cows indicates that the content of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sulfur and trace elements such as manganese, copper, zinc and cobalt in the feed has been reduced. It has been found by studies that the use of probiotic drug Biolax-U had the positive influence on the feed intake, digestibility and better assimilation of feed nutrients and contributed to the improvement of blood morphological and biochemical parameters. For example, in animals of the experimental group hemoglobin has increased by 3,6 % (Р < 0,05), red blood cells by 10,1 (P ≤ 0,05), the content of leukocytes by 4,43, carotene by 9,6, glucose by 3,4; reserve alkalinity by 15,6, calcium by 19,4 (P ≤ 0,01), and phosphorus by 18,4 % compared with the control group of animals. During the lactation significantly improved hematological parameters including alkalinity reserve by 5,11 %, calcium level by 11,1, phosphorus by 8,6, hemoglobin by 14,2 %, the content of erythrocytes by 12,3, leukocyte by 3,86, and carotene 11,1 % against the parameters of animals of control group. The improvement of morphological and biochemical parameters of blood of cows indicates about stimulating effect on hematopoiesis and the general clinical condition of animals that contributes to the improvement of metabolic processes when using feed prepared with the use of microbiological drug with probiotic action Biolax-U.

Comparison of Sleeve Gastrectomy and Conservatory Treatment Effect on Biochemical and Hormonal Profile of Obese Type 2 Diabetes Subjects: CREDOR Randomized Controlled Study Results

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 1622-1627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Simona Stefan ◽  
Andrada Mihai ◽  
Daiana Bajko ◽  
Daniela Lixandru ◽  
Laura Petcu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽  
Beta Cell ◽  
Beta Cell Dysfunction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cell Dysfunction ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Metabolic surgery is the most efficacious method for the treatment of morbid obesity and was recently included among the antidiabetes treatments recommended in obese type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients. The aim of this study was to compare in a randomized controlled trial the effect of sleeve gastrectomy (SG) to that of intensive lifestyle intervention plus pharmacologic treatment on some markers of insulin resistance and beta cell function as well as some appetite controlling hormones in a group of male obese T2D subjects. The study groups comprised 20 subjects for SG and 21 control subjects. Fasting blood glucose, insulin, proinsulin, adiponectin, leptin, ghrelin, HOMA-IR, HOMA-%B, proinsulin-to-insulin ratio and proinsulin-to-adiponectin ratio were evaluated at baseline and after one year follow-up. Overall, patients in the SG group lost 78.98% of excess weight loss (%EWL) in comparison with 9.45% in the control group. This was accompanied by a significant improvement of insulin resistance markers, including increase of adiponectin and decrease of HOMA-IR, while no changes were recorded in the control group. Weight loss was also associated with a significant improvement of proinsulin-to-insulin and proinsulin-to-adiponectin ratio, both surrogate markers of beta cell dysfunction. These also improved in the control group, but were only marginally significant. Our findings suggest that improved insulin resistance and decreased beta cell dysfunction after sleeve gastrectomy might explain diabetes remission associated with metabolic surgery.

Arthrophytum scoparium Extract Improves Memory Impairment and Affects Acetylcholinesterase Activity In Mice Brain

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 480-487
Author(s):  
Med A. Smach ◽  
Jawhar Hafsa ◽  
Bassem Charfeddine ◽  
Hedi Dridi ◽  
Khalifa Limem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Oxidative Damages ◽  
Y Maze ◽  
Mice Brain

Background: Arthrophytum scoparium (Pomel) Iljin (Amaranthaceae family) has been widely used in traditional Tunisian medicine to treat many disorders such as migraine, headache, and neurological disorders. This study investigates the effect of Arthrophytum scoparium Aqueous Extract (ASAE) on cognitive impairments and oxidative injury induced by galactose (10%) in a mouse model. Materials and Methods: The mice were divided randomly into 4 experimental groups, including the control group (saline water 9 ‰), Galactose group, Scop group (300 mg/kg/d), and Scop+Gal group (300 mg/kg/d). Mice received the corresponding solutions by intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) for 7 days before the Y-maze active tests. Galactose 10% was given to all groups except control and Scop groups, 30 min before the trial. Levels of Acetylcholinesterase Activity (AChE), Ascorbic Acid (AA), Gluthatione (GSH) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) in mice brains were examined. Results: Chronic administration of galactose significantly impaired cognitive performance in Y maze, caused marked oxidative damages and a significant increase in the acetylcholinesterase activity as compared to other groups. On the contrary, ASAE (300 mg/kg) treatment suppressed galactoseinduced oxidative damage by ameliorating the increased levels of GSH and AA. Moreover, ASAE treatment reduced brain AChE activities in the galactose-induced model. Conclusion: These findings suggest that ASAE exerts potent anti-amnesic effects via the modulation of cholinergic and antioxidant activities. The observed pharmacological activities should be further evaluated by detailed experimental studies and validated by clinical trials.

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