Study on Technology Development and Solvent Suitability for Separation of Essential Lipid from Various Bioresources: A Review

The main objective of present study is the solvent suitability as an effective method for the separation of essential lipid from various bio resources. It is very clear from the literature survey that the solvent suitability can be achieved through different solvents such as hexane, methanol, ethyl acetate, liquid Co2. However there is a need to study more on the technology development for separation of essential lipid from bio resources. Hence, this review paper highlights the summary of Separation techniques and lipid extraction methods for removal of lipid from their bioresources.

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Physical Methods of Microalgal Biomass Pretreatment

International Agrophysics ◽

10.2478/intag-2014-0024 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 341-348 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Agata Piasecka ◽

Izabela Krzemińska ◽

Jerzy Tys

Keyword(s):

Alternative Energy ◽

Lipid Extraction ◽

Physical Method ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Biomass Pretreatment ◽

Microalgal Biomass ◽

Alternative Energy Sources ◽

Wet Biomass ◽

Microwave Techniques

Abstract The prospect of depletion of natural energy resources on the Earth forces researchers to seek and explore new and alternative energy sources. Biomass is a composite resource that can be used in many ways leading to diversity of products. Therefore, microalgal biomass offers great potential. The main aim of this study is to find the best physical method of microalgal biomass pretreatment that guarantees efficient lipid extraction. These studies identifies biochemical composition of microalgal biomass as source for biodisel production. The influence of drying at different temperatures and lyophilization was investigated. In addition, wet and untreated biomass was examined. Cell disruption (sonication and microwave) techniques were used to improve lipid extraction from wet biomass. Additionally, two different extraction methods were carried out to select the best method of crude oil extraction. The results of this study show that wet biomass after sonication is the most suitable for extraction. The fatty acid composition of microalgal biomass includes linoleic acid (C18:2), palmitic acid (C16:0), oleic acid (C18:1), linolenic acid (C18:3), and stearic acid (C18:0), which play a key role in biodiesel production.

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PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF DYPSIS LEPTOCHEILOS LEAVES EXTRACT AND MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDY OF THE ISOLATED COMPOUNDS

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2020v12i11.39481 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 106-113

Author(s):

HAITHAM ALI IBRAHIM ◽

FATEHIA SAYED ELSHARAWY ◽

MAHMMOUD ELHASSAB ◽

SAMAH SHABANA ◽

EMAN GABER HAGGAG

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Chromatographic Separation ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Docking Study ◽

Separation Techniques ◽

Reference Drug ◽

First Time ◽

Mcf 7

Objective: phytochemical investigation of the ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) of 80% aqueous methanol extract (AME) of Dypsis leptocheilos leaves, in addition to evaluation of the antioxidant, cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities of the AME and EAF. Docking was used to predict and understand cytotoxicity of the isolated compounds. Methods: The ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) of Dypsis leptocheilos leaves was subjected to different chromatographic separation techniques. Structures of the isolated compounds were established by different spectroscopic techniques (1H/13C NMR). Antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH assay, while cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT cell viability assay. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated by agar diffusion method. The docking study was conducted using Auto Dock Vina; the estrogen receptor (PDB 5t92) was used as a receptor for the docking. Results: Chromatographic separation techniques were led to the isolation of five phenolic compounds; these compounds were identified to be apigenin 8-C-β-D-glucopyranoside (Vitexin) (1), apigenin 6-C-β-D-glucopyranoside (Isovitexin) (2), luteolin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), luteolin 8-C-β-D-glucopyranoside (Orientin) (4), luteolin 6-C-β-D-glucopyranoside (Isoorientin) (5). They were isolated and identified for the first time from this plant species. The AME and EAF showed moderate activity against Gram positive and Gram negatvie bacteria, while both of them showed similar and powerful antioxidant activity with SC50 = 12.8±0.56 µg/ml and SC50 = 17±0.77 µg/ml respectively, compared to ascorbic (reference drug) SC50 = 14.2±0.35 µg/ml. The EAF showed higher cytotoxic activity on the MCF-7 cells (human breast cancer cell line), with IC50 = 12.3 ± 1.82 µg/ml, compared to Vinblastine Sulfate (reference drug). All isolated compounds showed good binding affinity to the estrogen receptors existed in the MCF-7 cell. Conclusion: Five phenolic compounds were isolated for the first time from the EAF of Dypsis leptocheilos leaves. The AME and EAF extracts showed variable antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities.

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The Technology of Development of a Culture of Students Communication (Based on Social Networks)

International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering - Special Issue ◽

10.35940/ijitee.b7667.129219 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 5024-5030

Keyword(s):

Social Networks ◽

Survey Methodology ◽

Technology Development ◽

Literature Survey ◽

Development Communication ◽

Cultural Relations ◽

Theoretical Understanding ◽

Foreign Countries ◽

On Line ◽

Communication Culture

This article is written about the result of research on the improving the technology for the development of a culture of students’ communication based on English in the context of the activation of ethnic-cultural relations. The tasks of the research consist of fromstudy and theoretical understanding of philosophical, pedagogical, psychological and linguistic literature on the development of students' culture of communication in English in the context of intensification of ethno cultural relations;studying the experience of foreign countries (sites), improving the mechanism for developing a culture of student communication based on the creation of the “The art of communication” platform in social networks Facebook and Telegram in English;improving the culture of student communication in English based on an innovative approach to technology development (“Communication Clinic”, “On-line communication environment”, “On-line ambulance”);improving the criteria for assessing the degree of knowledge of students' communication culture in English and the development of scientific and methodological recommendations.. The article consists of from introduction, literature survey, methodology, recommendation, discussions, and conclusion.

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Comparing Extraction Methods for Biomarker Steroid Characterisation from Soil and Slurry

Water Air & Soil Pollution ◽

10.1007/s11270-020-04871-w ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 231 (10) ◽

Author(s):

Amber Manley ◽

Adrian L. Collins ◽

Adrian Joynes ◽

Per-Erik Mellander ◽

Phil Jordan

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Lipid Extraction ◽

Cost Savings ◽

Soxhlet Extraction ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Two Factors ◽

Precious Resource ◽

Research Gap ◽

Block Experiment

Abstract Clean water is a precious resource, and policies/programmes are implemented worldwide to protect and/or improve water quality. Faecal pollution can be a key contributor to water quality decline causing eutrophication through nutrient enrichment and pathogenic contamination. The robust sourcing of faecal pollutants is important to be able to target the appropriate sector and to engage managers. Biomarker technology has the potential for source confirmation, by using, for example the biomarker suite of steroids. Steroids have been used in the differentiation of human and animal faeces; however, there is no unequivocal extraction technique. Some of the methods used include (i) Soxhlet extraction, (ii) Bligh and Dyer (BD) extraction, and (iii) accelerated solvent extraction (ASE). The less costly and time intensive technique of ASE is particularly attractive, but a current research gap concerns further comparisons regarding ASE lipid extraction from soils/slurries compared with the more traditional Soxhlet and BD extractions. Accordingly, a randomised complete block experiment was implemented to assess differences between the three extraction methods, differences between the different sample types, and the interactions between these two factors. Following GC-MS, it was found that there was no significant difference between the results of the steroid extraction methods, regardless of the type of sample used, for the quantity of each steroid extracted. It was concluded that ASE could be used confidently instead of the more established steroid extraction methods, thereby delivering time and cost savings.

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Extraction of proteins from the microalga Scenedesmus obliquus BR003 followed by lipid extraction of the wet deproteinized biomass using hexane and ethyl acetate

Bioresource Technology ◽

10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123190 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 307 ◽

pp. 123190 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Matheus Lopes Amorim ◽

Jimmy Soares ◽

Bruno Bezerra Vieira ◽

Willian Batista-Silva ◽

Marcio Arêdes Martins

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Lipid Extraction ◽

Scenedesmus Obliquus

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Extraction of Lipids from Liquid Biological Samples for High-Throughput Lipidomics

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25143192 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (14) ◽

pp. 3192

Author(s):

Samuel Furse ◽

Adam J. Watkins ◽

Albert Koulman

Keyword(s):

High Throughput ◽

Lipid Fraction ◽

Lipid Extraction ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Mouse Heart ◽

Aqueous Fraction ◽

Chlorinated Solvent ◽

Aqueous Component ◽

The Difference ◽

Better Than

Extraction of the lipid fraction is a key part of acquiring lipidomics data. High-throughput lipidomics, the extraction of samples in 96w plates that are then run on 96 or 384w plates, has particular requirements that mean special development work is needed to fully optimise an extraction method. Several methods have been published as suitable for it. Here, we test those methods using four liquid matrices: milk, human serum, homogenised mouse liver and homogenised mouse heart. In order to determine the difference in performance of the methods as objectively as possible, we used the number of lipid variables identified, the total signal strength and the coefficient of variance to quantify the performance of the methods. This showed that extraction methods with an aqueous component were generally better than those without for these matrices. However, methods without an aqueous fraction in the extraction were efficient for milk samples. Furthermore, a mixture containing a chlorinated solvent (dichloromethane) appears to be better than an ethereal solvent (tert-butyl methyl ether) for extracting lipids. This study suggests that a 3:1:0.005 mixture of dichloromethane, methanol and triethylammonium chloride, with an aqueous wash, is the most efficient of the currently reported methods for high-throughput lipid extraction and analysis. Further work is required to develop non-aqueous extraction methods that are both convenient and applicable to a broad range of sample types.

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Effect of Extraction Methods on Antioxidant Activity of Papery Skin Extracts and Fractions of Maja Cipanas Onion (Allium cepa L. var. ascalonicum)

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2020/3280534 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Nyi M. Saptarini ◽

Yulia Wardati

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Allium Cepa ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Water Fraction ◽

Percolation Method ◽

Soxhlet Method

Extraction can be carried out at ambient temperature or high temperature to accelerate the extraction process of secondary metabolites from simplicia. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of extraction methods on antioxidant activity of secondary metabolites of papery skin extracts and fractions of Maja Cipanas onion (Allium cepa L. var. ascalonicum). Extraction methods were maceration, percolation, reflux, and Soxhlet method, and then, concentrated extracts were fractionated by liquid-liquid extraction based on the polarity of secondary metabolites. Antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method. The phytochemical screening showed that onion papery skin contained alkaloids, polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins. The IC50 value of the extract, ethyl acetate fraction, and water fraction of the four extraction methods in the concentration range 25–400 μg/mL were in the range of 55.62–107.08, 31.31–84.06, and 126.05–139.82 μg/mL, respectively, while the IAA value was in the ranges of 0.25–0.49, 0.32–0.86, and 0.19–0.21, respectively. Variation in IC50 and IAA values indicate that the extraction method affects antioxidant activity, due to extracted secondary metabolites from simplicia. The highest antioxidant activity was an ethyl acetate fraction by the reflux method, while the lowest was water fraction by the percolation method.

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Comparison of Conventional and Sustainable Lipid Extraction Methods for the Production of Oil and Protein Isolate from Edible Insect Meal

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods8110572 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 572 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Laroche ◽

Perreault ◽

Marciniak ◽

Gravel ◽

Chamberland ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Supercritical Co2 ◽

Protein Extraction ◽

Lipid Extraction ◽

Tenebrio Molitor ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Extraction Yield ◽

Acheta Domesticus ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Alternative Source ◽

Edible Insect

Edible insects represent an interesting alternative source of protein for human consumption but the main hurdle facing the edible insect sector is low consumer acceptance. However, increased acceptance is anticipated when insects are incorporated as a processed ingredient, such as protein-rich powder, rather than presented whole. To produce edible insect fractions with high protein content, a defatting step is necessary. This study investigated the effects of six defatting methods (conventional solvents, three-phase partitioning, and supercritical CO2) on lipid extraction yield, fatty profiles, and protein extraction and purification of house cricket (Acheta domesticus) and mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) meals. Ethanol increased the lipid extraction yield (22.7%–28.8%), irrespective of the insect meal used or the extraction method applied. Supercritical CO2 gave similar lipid extraction yields as conventional methods for Tenebrio molitor (T. molitor) (22.1%) but was less efficient for Acheta domesticus (A. domesticus) (11.9%). The protein extraction yield ranged from 12.4% to 38.9% for A. domesticus, and from 11.9% to 39.3% for T. molitor, whereas purification rates ranged from 58.3% to 78.5% for A. domesticus and from 48.7% to 75.4% for T. molitor.

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