Homeric Books and Hellenistic Culture in the World of the Sages

1997 ◽  
pp. 337-352
Author(s):  
Yaacov Shavit
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Cultural System ◽  
Greek Culture ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Culture

This chapter explores three different issues: how familiar the Sages were with Greek culture and through which agents of culture they learned about it, to what extent they were influenced by it or how many different elements they adopted from it, and how tolerant the Sages were regarding the use of Hellenistic elements by the Jewish public. Here, complex cultures are characterized by multifariousness and stratification. The history of culture reveals a wide diversity of needs and tendencies, expressed in the social context, and the power or weakness of the mechanism for screening and supervision to control all aspects and layers of the cultural system. Any attempt to limit the scope of Judaism as a religious way of life thus assumes that the Jews were somehow unlike all other human beings. Or, that they had the same cultural needs as all humanity, but were able to satisfy and answer these needs by themselves, being totally independent of any outside help or influence.

Equestris Ordo: Chivalry as a Vocation in the Twelfth Century

1978 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 87-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Morris
Keyword(s):  
Way Of Life ◽  
First Crusade ◽  
Structure Changes ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
New Thinking ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
High Degree

The motives of individuals are necessarily conditioned by the expectations of society. Some walks of life are recognised as demanding a high degree of self-sacrifice and noble motivation, as being (in modern terms) vocations. Others are careers worthy of esteem, and yet others are condemned, so that it is supposed that no ethically minded person would engage in them. As the social structure changes there is an adaptation in the pattern of esteem, and an interesting example of this process is provided by the new thinking about knighthood which emerged in the late eleventh and early twelfth centuries. So much has been written about chivalry that a broad review of the subject is out of the question in this paper, but it may be of interest to re-examine it in the light of this theme. An appropriate starting-point is provided by a passage from the history of the first crusade written about 1110 by Guibert of Nogent:In our time God has instituted holy warfare so that the knightly order (ordo equestris) and the unsettled populace, who used to be engaged like the pagans of old in slaughtering one another, should find a new way of deserving salvation. No longer are they obliged to leave the world and choose a monastic way of life, as used to be the case, or some religious profession, but in their accustomed liberty and habit, by performing their own office, they may in some measure achieve the grace of God.

Hume on Suicide

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugenio Lecaldano
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Moral Philosophy ◽  
Adam Smith ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Moral Principle ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right

The chapter starts with the history of Hume’s essay on suicide, and the sources and the social context of it in 1755. It also exposes the first reactions to the essay, particularly that of Adam Smith. The central sections present a critical discussion of the interpretation of the essay as a text of the philosophy of religion. The thesis of the chapter is that “On Suicide” is a text of moral philosophy. Hume refutes the Christian position and also the distinction between rational and irrational suicide; he advances—as resolutive—the positive moral principle of the natural liberty of all human beings and “the right to dispose of their own lives.” The essay has an influence in the contemporary bioethical literature just for this conception on the choices for the end of life.

Social psychology of childhood

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Abramenkova
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Social Communities ◽  
Educational Standard ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Culture ◽  
State Educational

The textbook is devoted to the analysis of the phenomenon of childhood in the history of culture and modernity in the context of an interdisciplinary direction-the social psychology of childhood. The author traces the evolution of the most important social communities responsible for the formation of a child's personality — the family and the children's community; analyzes the conditions and mechanisms of manifestation of the ability to compassion and compassion in groups of boys and girls; reveals the uniqueness of the children's subculture and its importance in building a child's picture of the world — an integral system of relations. The special drama of the development of modern childhood, risks and vulnerability, strength and resilience in finding security are shown. Meets the requirements of the Federal state educational standard of higher education of the latest generation.

SOCIAL STRUCTURE OF TAMBOV EPARCHY MONASTERIES IN THE LATE 18th – 19th CENTURIES

2018 ◽  
pp. 155-162
Author(s):  
Maksim Sergeevich VOLKOV
Keyword(s):  
Social Groups ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Demographic Information ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The relevance is determined by the growing interest to the problem of the functioning of Orthodox monasteries of Tambov Eparchy in the Synodal period. In this regard one of the main tasks is to try to understand the particular aspects of the internal structure of monastic life. Such a goal can be achieved only as a result of detailed consideration and analysis of the social and quantitative composition of the monastery population. Monks were the main guardians of the way of life, culture, and history of their monasteries. The principles of the relationship of different social groups within a single community, the level of their literacy and age often determine the direction of development and the main types of both internal and external activities of monasteries. The main documents are considered in the research, the main of which are “Vedomosti about the Abbot and Monastics” for various years. In such reports, various information was provided about monastics, novices and monastic workers. They managed to extract detailed statistical and demographic information, as well as analyze the social composition of the main Orthodox monasteries of the eparchy at certain periods. It was also possible to establish the average age of entering the monastery, the period of testing, the main occupation of the population, which largely depended on their social status in the world and on the level of education.

Diogenes of Oenoanda

2020 ◽  
pp. 530-548
Author(s):  
Pamela Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Second Century ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Asia Minor ◽  
Public Display ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
The Public ◽  
Greek Culture ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

The otherwise unknown Diogenes of Oenoanda authored a monumental Greek inscription that offered Epicurean salvation (σωτηρία) to his compatriots and to foreign visitors to his small but thriving town in Lycia (now in Turkey). Parts of the dismantled circa second-century ce inscription were first discovered in 1884, and fragments continue to emerge. The contents include several letters, original epitomes on Physics and Ethics, a discourse on Old Age, a collection of the Epicurean Key Doctrines, a set of original Maxims, and a lengthy but now fragmentary explanation of Diogenes’s philanthropic purpose. Scholars estimate that Diogenes’s text—the largest known inscription from the ancient world—originally consisted of over 25,000 words spread across 260 square meters. Located evidently in a prominent urban setting, the inscription had the properties of a billboard, an archive, a philosophical handbook, an imposing commemorative monument, and something akin to a shrine. While the epigraphical content is unique and even subversive, the inscription reflects trends in imperial Asia Minor: extravagant urban benefactions, the enthusiasm for epigraphy, and the public display of Greek culture. Diogenes’s inscription is significant to the history of Epicureanism, as it provides glimpses of a lost Epicurean community, sheds light on the formation of Epicurean texts, and attests to the diversity of the social and cultural contexts of Epicureanism. Among its most unexpected aspects are an emphasis on altruism and a description of an imagined Epicurean future when there would be no slaves, fortifications, or laws, and the world would be “full of justice and mutual love.”

The Last Invariant Theorists A sociological study of the collećtive biographies of mathematical specialiśts

1967 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles S. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Sociology Of Knowledge ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Intellectual Content ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Scientific Ideas ◽  
Do So

When scientists account for changes in a theory or the theory's position within the world of the science, they usually do so in terms of the intellectual content of the theory. For example, the rise of quantum mechanics is attributed to the fact that quantum mechanics was able to solve problems which the preceding theories could not handle. This represents one way of describing occurrences within science and is a major component of the attitudes which scientists possess about their world. Another manner of viewing the changes which take place in science is that of the sociology of knowledge. From this perspective science is viewed as an activity carried on by the men who create the scientific ideas. The history of science is analyzed in terms of the-scientist-who-does-something-within-aparticular-social-context; that is the ideas are viewed as inseparable from the men who put them forward and the social environment in which they occur (1).

The problem of periodization of the history of religion

1997 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Borys Lobovyk
Keyword(s):  
Religious Studies ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Religious Development ◽  
History Of Religion ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Role Of Religion

An important problem of religious studies, the history of religion as a branch of knowledge is the periodization process of the development of religious phenomenon. It is precisely here, as in focus, that the question of the essence and meaning of the religious development of the human being of the world, the origin of beliefs and cult, the reasons for the changes in them, the place and role of religion in the social and spiritual process, etc., are converging.

Myriad Aspects of Secular Thinking on Malayali Cuisine

GIS Business ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-206
Author(s):  
SAJITHA M
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Civilized Society

Food is one of the main requirements of human being. It is flattering for the preservation of wellbeing and nourishment of the body.  The food of a society exposes its custom, prosperity, status, habits as well as it help to develop a culture. Food is one of the most important social indicators of a society. History of food carries a dynamic character in the socio- economic, political, and cultural realm of a society. The food is one of the obligatory components in our daily life. It occupied an obvious atmosphere for the augmentation of healthy life and anticipation against the diseases.  The food also shows a significant character in establishing cultural distinctiveness, and it reflects who we are. Food also reflected as the symbol of individuality, generosity, social status and religious believes etc in a civilized society. Food is not a discriminating aspect. It is the part of a culture, habits, addiction, and identity of a civilization.Food plays a symbolic role in the social activities the world over. It’s a universal sign of hospitality.[1]

Female Christian prose today: A failed search for new women’s subjectivity?

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-149
Author(s):  
E. Chelpanova
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Social System ◽  
Family Values ◽  
The State ◽  
Current Work ◽  
Conservative Approach ◽  
Female Subjectivity ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

In her analysis of books by Maya Kucherskaya, Olesya Nikolaeva, and Yulia Voznesenskaya, the author investigates the history of female Christian prose from the 1990s until the present day. According to the author, it was in the 1990s, the period of crisis and transformation of the social system, that female Christian writers were more vocal, than today, on the issues of the new post-Soviet female subjectivity, drawing on folklore imagery and contrasting the folk, pagan philosophy with the Christian one, defined by an established set of rules and limitations for the principal female roles. Thus, the folklore elements in Kucherskaya’s early works are considered as an attempt to represent female subjectivity. However, the author argues that, in their current work, Kucherskaya and other representatives of the so-called female Christian prose tend to choose different, objectivizing methods to represent female characters. This new and conservative approach may have come from a wider social context, including the state-imposed ‘family values’ program.

New Wars and Their Visual Representation: Dead Bodies without Graves/Mourne

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Tuncay Şur ◽  
Betül Yarar
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Visual Representation ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Public ◽  
Photographic Images ◽  
War Photography ◽  
New Wars ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

This paper seeks to understand why there has been an increase in photographic images exposing military violence or displaying bodies killed by military forces and how they can freely circulate in the public without being censored or kept hidden. In other words, it aims to analyze this particular issue as a symptom of the emergence of new wars and a new regime of their visual representation. Within this framework, it attempts to relate two kinds of literature that are namely the history of war and war photography with the bridge of theoretical discussions on the real, its photographic representation, power, and violence.  Rather than systematic empirical analysis, the paper is based on a theoretical attempt which is reflected on some socio-political observations in the Middle East where there has been ongoing wars or new wars. The core discussion of the paper is supported by a brief analysis of some illustrative photographic images that are served through the social media under the circumstances of war for instance in Turkey between Turkish military troops and the Kurdish militants. The paper concludes that in line with the process of dissolution/transformation of the old nation-state formations and globalization, the mechanism and mode of power have also transformed to the extent that it resulted in the emergence of new wars. This is one dynamic that we need to recognize in relation to the above-mentioned question, the other is the impact of social media in not only delivering but also receiving war photographies. Today these changes have led the emergence of new machinery of power in which the old modern visual/photographic techniques of representing wars without human beings, torture, and violence through censorship began to be employed alongside medieval power techniques of a visual exhibition of tortures and violence.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document