scholarly journals PERMANENT HOUSING PRODUCTION PROCESS AFTER 17 AUGUST 1999 MARMARA EARTHQUAKE IN TURKEY / NUOLATINIO BŪSTO STATYBOS PROCESAS PO 1999 M. RUGPJŪČIO 17 D. ŽEMĖS DREBĖJIMO MARMURO REGIONE (TURKIJA)

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 312-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilufer Tas ◽  
Nilay Cosgun
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Housing Production ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Emergency Case ◽  
Permanent Housing ◽  
Marmara Earthquake

In recent years, one of the biggest investments and projects that developed in Turkey is in permanent housing. The emergency case experienced after the 17 August 1999 Marmara Earthquake featured the permanent housing need; thus, within the meaning of Disaster Law, a large number of housings were to be built in designated residential areas in various provinces. Once a building has been designed, impediments that arise either cannot be fixed any longer or require an extra cost to be fixed. In order to create a high quality built environment, production process of constructions as a long lasting effect becomes important. This study examines how the production process of the permanent housings to be built in Turkey after 1999 Marmara Earthquake was managed considering the current legal framework. In this context, the aim is to state how permanent housings are produced and determination of the points seen as problems by the builders (contractors) and occupants through this process. The main concern is to determine the outcomes that could act as answer to problems that might arise in permanent housing production after a probable earthquake. The obtained information is thought to act as reference in the practices of meeting permanent housing need that will arise after disasters. Santrauka Nuolatinis būstas – tai viena sričių, į kurią Turkijoje pastaraisiais metais investuojama daugiausia, o projektai stambiausi. Po 1999 m. rugpjūčio 17 d. Marmuro regione įvykusiožemės drebėjimo susidariusi kritinė situacija buvo susijusi su nuolatinio būsto poreikiu. Tad tam skirtose įvairių provincijų gyvenamosiose zonose pagal stichinių nelaimių istatyme apibrėžtą prasmę reikėjo pastatyti daug būstų. Pastatą suprojektavus, atsiradusių defektų arba nebeįmanoma pataisyti, arba jiems taisyti reikia papildomų išlaidų. Norint suformuoti kokybišką užstatytą aplinką, dėl ilgalaikio poveikio svarbus tampa statybų procesas. Šiame tyrime nagrinėjama, kaip, atsižvelgiant į esamą teisinę bazę, buvo valdomas nuolatinių būstų, kuriuos Turkijoje reikėjo pastatyti po 1999 m. žemės drebėjimo Marmuro regione, statybos procesas. Siekiama nurodyti, kaip statomas nuolatinis būstas, ir nustatyti, kuriuos aspektus statytojai (rangovai) ir gyventojai šiame procese laiko problematiškais. Svarbiausia nustatyti pasekmes, kurios gali būti atsakas į problemas, galinčias kilti statant nuolatinius būstus po galimo žemės drebėjimo. Manoma, kad gauta informacija bus galima remtis siekiant patenkinti nuolatinio būsto poreikius, atsirasiančius po stichinės nelaimės.

scholarly journals An Investigation on Post-Disaster Housing Resident Satisfaction in Subaşı After the Marmara Earthquake

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
ALPER BODUR
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Living Situation ◽  
Permanent Housing ◽  
Public Areas ◽  
Administrative Units ◽  
Marmara Earthquake ◽  
Post Disaster

Turkey is a nation experiencing disasters, particularly earthquakes, owing to its location. Accidents cause environmental destruction as much as economically. One of the significant bodily damages is that the residences become damaged. Accordingly, the need for housing is indispensable after a collision. To deal with the problem, permanent houses, post-disaster housing, in other words, are produced in numerous regions to afford service for households. Post-disaster housing is essential to helpless families so that all will be capable of returning a fitter living situation ere the disaster. Nevertheless, as permanent housing is made by building it very fast, it is imperative that the living standard of permanent residence is agreeable with the earlier practice of the users. In that way, post-use evaluations of permanent housing, uniquely constructed after the devastating result of a disaster, are becoming critical to following applications to be more prosperous. In this sense, permanent residences in Subaşı Village, Yalova Province in Turkey have been studied within the context of post-earthquake transformation applications on 17 August 1999. In the research, the planning of the houses built in Subaşı Village, the overall evaluations about the design, the principles of entitlement, the planning method of the permanent houses, the demographic features of the shareholders were evaluated. As an outcome of the research, it was observed that the permanent residential areas in Subaşı village could not unite with the existing city. Among the socialization processes of families with various features, it was regarded that distinct qualities of contribution were made to living spaces. Neighborhood relationships and concern for free spaces and ownership organizations influence social relations together. Personal solutions to designs and absence of ownership regulation in public areas further block the formation of administrative units in permanent residential zones. Hence, interspersed life in the areas of current housing does not emerge. The situation has led to the result that in the process of combination of permanent residential spaces with existing urban areas, social facilities and non-residential uses, business and shopping centers, mosque and sports halls should be raised within a wider frame.

scholarly journals SUCCESS FACTORS FOR POST-DISASTER PERMANENT HOUSING: EXAMPLE OF TURKISH EARTHQUAKES

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-130
Author(s):  
Fatma KÜRÜM VAROLGÜNEŞ
Keyword(s):  
Success Factors ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Permanent Housing ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Research ◽  
Resettlement Programs

Investigating the social, economic and physical characteristics of settlements created after the disaster will raise awareness about reconstruction. In this study, firstly, a literature review was conducted in order to determine long-term satisfaction indicators for permanent housing use in resettlement areas. The data obtained are reduced and grouped with hierarchy and affinity diagrams. Qualitative data obtained from the literature were analyzed on nine settlements previously exposed to earthquakes in Turkey by model pairing and content analysis techniques. With this research, determining the indicators that affect long-term satisfaction (such as 50 years) will contribute to new research. As a result, it has been determined that the identity, lifestyle and employment opportunities of the victims are not taken into account in housing construction in Turkey in post-earthquake reconstruction. It was observed that most of the disaster housings built in the 50 years between 1970 and 2020 in Turkey do not carry the traces of the local texture. When the results of the study are examined, the importance of an approach that integrates environmental functions and socio-economic structure is seen in the creation of new residential areas. This holistic approach will ensure that community-based indicators are also included in the production of permanent housing. This study offers an important contribution in terms of determination of indicators influencing long-term satisfaction in resettlement programs by drawing attention to physical, social, cultural and economic factors in terms of permanent housings built after earthquakes in Turkey.

scholarly journals SUCCESS FACTORS FOR POST-DISASTER PERMANENT HOUSING: EXAMPLE OF TURKISH EARTHQUAKES

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-130
Author(s):  
Fatma KÜRÜM VAROLGÜNEŞ
Keyword(s):  
Success Factors ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Permanent Housing ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Research ◽  
Resettlement Programs

Investigating the social, economic and physical characteristics of settlements created after the disaster will raise awareness about reconstruction. In this study, firstly, a literature review was conducted in order to determine long-term satisfaction indicators for permanent housing use in resettlement areas. The data obtained are reduced and grouped with hierarchy and affinity diagrams. Qualitative data obtained from the literature were analyzed on nine settlements previously exposed to earthquakes in Turkey by model pairing and content analysis techniques. With this research, determining the indicators that affect long-term satisfaction (such as 50 years) will contribute to new research. As a result, it has been determined that the identity, lifestyle and employment opportunities of the victims are not taken into account in housing construction in Turkey in post-earthquake reconstruction. It was observed that most of the disaster housings built in the 50 years between 1970 and 2020 in Turkey do not carry the traces of the local texture. When the results of the study are examined, the importance of an approach that integrates environmental functions and socio-economic structure is seen in the creation of new residential areas. This holistic approach will ensure that community-based indicators are also included in the production of permanent housing. This study offers an important contribution in terms of determination of indicators influencing long-term satisfaction in resettlement programs by drawing attention to physical, social, cultural and economic factors in terms of permanent housings built after earthquakes in Turkey.

Perencanaan Sistem Pengurangan Sampah Permukiman Bantaran Sungai Cidurian Kota Bandung

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raka Maulana ◽  
Yulianti Pratama ◽  
Lina Apriyanti
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
River Basin ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Waste Reduction ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Inorganic Waste ◽  
Waste Bank ◽  
The City

<p>Some areas in the city of Bandung is an area that dilitasi by the flow of the river, to prevent the introduction of garbage into the river basin is necessary to note the waste management systems in residential areas along the river. Cidurian river has a length of 24.86 Km along the river flow. Consists of the city of Bandung and Bandung regency. Administrative regions Cidurian River past eight (8) districts, from the region in the District Kiaracondong precisely Village Babakan Babakan Sari and Surabaya populous and the most densely populated. Thus, there should be community-based waste management in the form of a reduction in resources to prevent potential entry of waste into the river basin. Planning waste reduction will be divided into two, namely the reduction of inorganic waste with waste bank then the reduction of organic waste with absorption holes biopori, and bio reactor mini determination of the reduction is determined by the results of the analysis of the sampling covers the composition and garbage, then the result of the measurement characteristics test and analysis results questionnaire.</p>

Technical fitting-out of agriculture in terms of digitalization: A theoretical background

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 2391-2405
Author(s):  
A.K. Subaeva ◽  
G.S. Klychova ◽  
L.M. Mavlieva
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Study Methods ◽  
Technological Infrastructure ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Technological Processes

Subject. This article discusses the issues related to the technological infrastructure of agriculture, improving the efficiency of energy resources, minimizing labor and material costs, and ensuring the continuity of the production process. Objectives. The article aims to study methods to improve the technological infrastructure of agricultural enterprises in the digital economy terms. Methods. For the study, we used the methods of comparison and classification. Results. The article describes patterns of development of technological processes in agriculture in the digital economy. Conclusions. The technical fitting-out of agriculture in the digital economy should be considered as a set of measures to prepare the industry for the production of high-quality products, which implies the use of digital technologies that minimize human participation in the production process.

Disability as a social phenomenon

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-38
Author(s):  
Natalia Guseva ◽  
Vitaliy Berdutin
Keyword(s):  
Social Protection ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Stage Model ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Social ◽  
Consistent Solution ◽  
First Time

At present, the problem of establishing disability is a point at issue in Russia. Despite the fact that medical criteria for disability are being developed very actively, high-quality methods for assessing social hallmarks are still lacking. Since disability is a phenomenon inherent in any society, each state forms a social and economic policy for people with disabilities in accordance with its level of development, priorities and opportunities. We have proposed a three-stage model, which includes a system for the consistent solution of the main tasks aimed at studying the causes and consequences of the problems encountered today in the social protection of citizens with health problems. The article shows why the existing approaches to the determination of disability and rehabilitation programs do not correspond to the current state of Russian society and why a decrease in the rate of persons recognized as disabled for the first time does not indicate an improvement in the health of the population. The authors proposed a number of measures with a view to correcting the situation according to the results of the study.

scholarly journals Development of new total RNA isolation method for tissues with rich phenolic compounds

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-350
Author(s):  
Zafer Seçgin ◽  
Gökhan Gökdemir ◽  
Elif Seda Atabay ◽  
Aslıhan Kurt Kızıldoğan ◽  
Musa Kavas
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Rna Sequencing ◽  
Rna Isolation ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Isolation Method ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Ctab Method ◽  
Total Rna Isolation

AbstractBackgroundRNAs to be used in transcriptome analysis must be of high quality and pure in order to ensure maximum representation of the expressed genes. RNA isolation is difficult in hazelnut tissues containing large amounts of secondary metabolite, phenolic compounds and the cell wall structure. Commonly used protocols for RNA isolation are those that require a lot of labor and time and also do not allow sufficient RNA isolation when applied to tissues rich in phenolic compounds. This study was aimed to develop an efficient method for isolation of total RNAs from bud of hazelnut to be used in RNA sequencing.Materials and methodsAn optimized new method was successfully applied on three different hazelnuts genotypes (Çakıldak, Palaz, Tombul) and about 25 times higher amount of total RNAs per mg fresh tissues were obtained compared to classical CTAB method. Different methods have been tried for the isolation of RNA from hazelnut tissues and the determination of the quality of the obtained RNAs.ResultsThe quality and quantity of isolalated total RNAs were determined by spectrophotometer, electrophoresis and PCR. This success has been caught without any compromise of purity since A260/A280 ratios ranged from 1.90 to 2.04 and A260/A230 ratios were >2.0 in all purified RNAs.ConclusionThe total RNAs isolated with new protocol was found to be suitable for RNA sequencing and other molecular applications.

Pick Your President: Why and How Parties Should Seek to Agree on a Presiding Arbitrator

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Leikin ◽  
Clemens Treichl
Keyword(s):  
Legal Framework ◽  
General Analysis ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Party Autonomy ◽  
Quality Award ◽  
Standard List

Abstract It is common wisdom that selecting a suitable presiding arbitrator is vital to securing efficient proceedings and a high-quality award. As a corollary of party autonomy, the parties’ right to choose their arbitrators is subject only to few limitations, yet relatively little guidance exists for parties attempting to jointly choose the arbitral president in a structured and efficient way. This article seeks to expand on the limited guidance available. It begins by briefly examining the underlying legal framework and setting out various objectives that can serve as a yardstick in fashioning a procedure for selecting presiding arbitrators. This general analysis is followed by a proposal of a concrete, standard ‘list’ procedure which is easily adaptable to different arbitration settings and case configurations.

scholarly journals Unraveling the long-pursued Au144 structure by x-ray crystallography

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. eaat7259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Yan ◽  
Nan Xia ◽  
Lingwen Liao ◽  
Min Zhu ◽  
Fengming Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Nanoparticles ◽  
Weak Interactions ◽  
Gold Nanoclusters ◽  
Atomic Level ◽  
High Quality ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
Quantum Size ◽  
First Time

The transition from nanocluster to nanocrystal is a central issue in nanoscience. The atomic structure determination of metal nanoparticles in the transition size range is challenging and particularly important in understanding the quantum size effect at the atomic level. On the basis of the rationale that the intra- and interparticle weak interactions play critical roles in growing high-quality single crystals of metal nanoparticles, we have reproducibly obtained ideal crystals of Au144(SR)60 and successfully solved its structure by x-ray crystallography (XRC); this structure was theoretically predicted a decade ago and has long been pursued experimentally but without success until now. Here, XRC reveals an interesting Au12 hollow icosahedron in thiolated gold nanoclusters for the first time. The Au–Au bond length, close to that of bulk gold, shows better thermal extensibility than the other Au–Au bond lengths in Au144(SR)60, providing an atomic-level perspective because metal generally shows better thermal extensibility than nonmetal materials. Thus, our work not only reveals the mysterious, long experimentally pursued structure of a transition-sized nanoparticle but also has important implications for the growth of high-quality, single-crystal nanoparticles, as well as for the understanding of the thermal extensibility of metals from the perspective of chemical bonding.

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