scholarly journals OWNERSHIP, TECHNOLOGICAL CAPABILITIES AND EXPORTS OF GARMENT FIRMS IN MYANMAR

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S22-S42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajah Rasiah ◽  
Myo Myo Myint
Keyword(s):  
Market Access ◽  
Foreign Firms ◽  
Technological Capabilities ◽  
Process Technology ◽  
Export Intensity ◽  
Technology Infrastructure ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
Adaptive Capabilities ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship

This paper uses the evolutionary framework to examine the relationship between ownership, technological capabilities and export intensities using garment manufacturing in the Least Developed Country of Myanmar as an empirical case. The results show that foreign firms with production connected to global value chains enjoy higher export intensity than national firms even when controlled for age. Also, foreign firms with access to superior support from parent plants enjoy higher technology capability than national firms even after controlling for age. The Levene's two-tail ‘t’ tests show that foreign firms also enjoyed higher human resource, process technology and adaptive capabilities than national firms. Foreign firms are also larger and pay higher wages than national firms. The results show that foreign firms’ superior market access and technological capabilities can offer the potential for knowledge spillover to national firms provided the government stabilizes the political situation and strengthens the basic and high technology infrastructure in Myanmar. Unlike the Maquiladoras of Latin America, not only that a quarter of the inputs are sourced by garment firms from Myanmar, a handful of national firms have already acquired the export and technological capabilities to compete with foreign firms.

Popular votes and Brexit will shape EU-Swiss relations

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Market Access ◽  
Mutual Recognition ◽  
Foreign Minister ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Mutual Recognition Agreement ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Eu

Subject EU-Swiss bilateral relations. Significance The relationship between Switzerland and the EU is functional but difficult. Despite some progress on the Mutual Recognition Agreement (MRA) that secures market access for a range of products, a breakthrough is still needed on the most important issue, the institutional framework for sectoral agreements. Negotiations have slowed and the Swiss government faces difficult decisions on the right timing and strategy. Impacts The Swiss government’s decision to resume discussions on new 'cohesion payments' to the EU is likely to create goodwill in Brussels. In the short term, Switzerland's economy and trade are unlikely to suffer from the stalemate in the Swiss-EU political relationship. With Ignazio Cassis as foreign minister, the government is likely to become more sceptical of the EU.

scholarly journals Services procurement under the WTO's Agreement on Government Procurement: whither market access?

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANIRUDH SHINGAL
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Home Bias ◽  
Government Procurement ◽  
Foreign Firms ◽  
Purchase Decisions ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Government Procurement ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThis paper studies the government procurement of services from foreign suppliers by conducting a statistical analysis of data submitted by Japan and Switzerland to the WTO's Committee on Government Procurement. Using several metrics, the paper examines whether the WTO's Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA) has led to greater market access for foreign suppliers in services procurement. Our results indicate that despite the GPA, the proportions of services contracts awarded to foreigners have declined over time for both countries and that in the absence of this decline, the value of services contracts awarded to foreign firms would have been more than 15 times higher in the case of Japan and nearly 68 times more in the case of Switzerland. We also find that for the same services categories, the Japanese government is not purchasing as much from abroad as its private sector is importing from the rest of the world, a finding that further points to the home-bias in that government's public purchase decisions.

Export Orientation and Technological Intensities in Auto Parts Firms in East and Southeast Asia: Does Ownership Matter?

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajah Rasiah
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Foreign Firms ◽  
Process Technology ◽  
Export Intensity ◽  
Strong Positive Relationship ◽  
East And Southeast Asia ◽  
Auto Parts ◽  
Statistical Relationships ◽  
Technological Intensity

This paper examines the statistical relationships involving export intensity, embedding environment, and three types of technological intensity (human resource intensity, process technology intensity, and research and development intensity). The embedding environment measures the degree of infrastructure support for innovation. The sample consists of auto parts firms in China, Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia, The Philippines, Taiwan, and Thailand. For the local sample, export intensity and the embedding environment are positively significant for the three technological intensities. For the foreign sample, export intensity and embedding environment are positively significant only for the research and development intensity. The strong positive relationship between foreign ownership and export intensity shows that foreign firms enjoy greater access in export markets.

China's 'Internet Plus' pioneers new national IT model

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Market Access ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Government Procurement ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Foreign Firms ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Government

Subject China's new national IT development plan. Significance The government last month revealed an action plan called 'Internet Plus' -- an ambitious agenda of technological innovation that aims to weave information technology into all aspects of social and economic life, from smart cities and e-government to long-distance learning and healthcare. Impacts Private companies, which dominate IT, will join their state-owned counterparts as state-backed national champions. Foreign firms will face greater scrutiny and stricter security reviews; market access will be harder, especially in government procurement. There will be some new opportunities for foreign firms, but their Chinese counterparts will become more competitive internationally too. Disregard for protection of personal data will enable China to become a leader in sophisticated data analysis. Internationally, China will pursue recognition of national sovereignty as the fundamental principle for global internet governance.

scholarly journals Tinjauan Atas Kesiapan Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum Dan Perumahan Rakyat Terkait Keikutsertaan Indonesia Dalam Government Procurement Agreement (GPA)

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 441465
Author(s):  
Aryo Hestuleksono
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Government Procurement ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Government ◽  
Construction Services ◽  
The Relationship

<p><strong><em>Abstarct</em></strong></p><em>Basically ratification of the GPA for Indonesia is the opening of the Indonesian market (market access) to the entrepreneur/companies from other countries, which means allowing entrepreneur/foreign companies to participate in the process of procurement of goods and services (PBJ) government in Indonesia. Similarly, the reverse with Indonesian companies. The existence of market acess makes the relation between national with international law. This is a reason of  authors are interested to know further the relationship conformity with international law related to the readiness of the national Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing (PUPR) when Indonesia ratified the GPA views of the setting methods for selecting/ auction in the construction sector in national legislation. The method used is a normative juridical research and the purpose of research to give recommendation to the Ministry PUPR particularly regarding setting methods for selecting the procurement of construction services when Indonesia ratified the GPA. If viewed from the side PBJ arrangements in the Government in the field of construction, especially regarding the purpose, principles and method of election of, the results showed that Ministry PUPR not ready when Indonesia ratified the GPA, because there is a difference between setting purpose PBJ contained in Perpres No. 54/2010 and its amendments as well as Permen PU No 07/2010 and amendments that more give protection to national companies, while GPA has the open principle. In addition there are differences about the method of selecting good views of the types/forms (nomenclature) and its meaning. So that when Indonesia will ratify the GPA, the Government and the Ministry PUPR in particular need to make adjustments to the "purpose" of regulation PBJ as contained in the Perpres/Permen PU with "purpose" contained in the GPA. Similarly, adjustments to the forms (nomenclature) and the meaning of the audition method.</em>

scholarly journals The relationship between foreign direct investment and GDP in Cameroon (2000–2020)

R-Economy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-209
Author(s):  
Levis Petiho Numbu ◽  
◽  
Zhanna S. Belyaeva ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Foreign Firms ◽  
Foreign Subsidiaries ◽  
Correlation And Regression Analysis ◽  
Policy And Strategy ◽  
New Business ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship

Relevance. In the last 20 years Cameroon has faced a series of crises. The 2035 governmental programme of recovery aims to transform the country into an emerging economy nation. The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic have slowed down economic growth in Cameroon and the country is hoping to attract foreign direct investment (FDI) and thus benefit from the new business opportunities to revitalize its economy. This context makes the research on the relationship between FDI and GDP particularly relevant. Research objective. This paper is designed to assess the relationship between GDP and FDI in Cameroon in 2000-2020. In addition, we aim to assess the scope of internationalization through FDI as a possible catalyst for economic recovery. Data and methods. The paper uses correlation and regression analysis to show the relationship between FDI and GDP. Results. The results show that FDI can increase Cameroon’s GDP and may be used as an empirical basis for policy- and strategy-making in Cameroon. Conclusions. We found a strong correlation between FDI and GDP in Cameroon for a 21-year period. This result is supported by the double effect of FDI on the national economy: FDI directly affects the investment component of GDP, but it also influences economic growth indirectly. The activities of foreign firms in Cameroon can support trade and even balance of payment, which indirectly influences the export and import component of GDP. Foreign subsidiaries both solely owned or joint ventures pay indirect taxes to the government and thus influence government spending.

scholarly journals Hubungan Partisipasi Petani dengan Keberlanjutan Sistem Pertanian Terpadu Mina Padi

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Esti Ittaqillah ◽  
Dwi Sadono ◽  
Endang Sri Wahyuni
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Technology Infrastructure ◽  
Ecological Economic ◽  
Spearman Correlation Test ◽  
System Data ◽  
The Government

The government is currently developing an integrated agricultural system for mina padi in order to optimize agricultural land that can increase the productivity of agricultural land, improve the welfare of farmers and support food security. Farmers participation in implementing the mina padi system is expected to support sustainable agriculture in the ecological, economic, social, technology-infrastructure and institutional dimensions. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the level of farmer participation and the sustainability of the integrated mina padi farming system. Data were collected using a questionnaire instrument and analyzed using the Rank Spearman correlation test. The results of the study involving 42 respondents showed that farmers were considered to be quite participatory and the rice mina system was quite sustainable. Farmer characteristic that significantly related to the level of participation is the level of cosmopolitan. The external factors that significantly related to the level of participation, are the role of instructors, market access, and information availability. The level of participation, in general, is significantly related to all dimensions the level of sustainability, including ecological, economic, social, infrastructure-technology, and institutional dimensions.Keywords: sustainability, mina padi, participation, integrated farming. ABSTRAKPemerintah saat ini sedang mengembangkan sistem pertanian terpadu mina padi dalam rangka mengoptimalisasi lahan pertanian yang dapat meningkatkan produktivitas lahan pertanian, menyejahterakan petani dan mendukung ketahanan pangan. Partisipasi petani dalam menerapkan sistem mina padi diharapkan dapat mendukung pertanian berkelanjutan pada dimensi ekologi, ekonomi, sosial, teknologi-infrastruktur dan kelembagaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan antara tingkat partisipasi petani dengan keberlanjutan sistem pertanian terpadu mina padi. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan instrumen kuesioner dan dianalisis menggunakan uji korelasi Rank Spearman. Hasil penelitian yang melibatkan 42 responden menunjukkan bahwa petani tergolong cukup partisipatif dan sistem mina padi yang cukup berkelanjutan. Karakteristik petani yang berhubungan nyata dengan tingkat partisipasi yaitu tingkat kekosmopolitan. Faktor eksternal yang berhubungan nyata dengan tingkat partisipasi yaitu, peran penyuluh, tingkat akses pasar, dan ketersediaan informasi. Tingkat partisipasi secara umum berhubungan nyata dengan semua dimensi tingkat keberlanjutan, yaitu dimensi ekologi, ekonomi, sosial, teknologi-infrastruktur dan kelembagaan.Kata kunci: keberlanjutan, mina padi, partisipasi, pertanian terpadu.

Technological Capabilities of Automotive Firms in Indonesia and Malaysia

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajah Rasiah
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Explanatory Variable ◽  
Foreign Ownership ◽  
Technological Capabilities ◽  
Process Technology ◽  
Trade Regime ◽  
Statistical Relationships ◽  
The Relationship

This paper examines differences in technological capabilities and the statistical relationships in a sample of automotive firms in Indonesia and Malaysia. The results show that firms in Indonesia, which has a liberalized trade regime, enjoyed higher human resource, process technology, and research and development (R&D) capabilities than firms in Malaysia, which has protected trading policies. Statistical relationships largely support theoretical arguments about R&D and the explanatory variable of foreign ownership in Indonesia where the relationship between the two is significant and negative. Foreign ownership was negatively correlated with human resource and positively correlated with process technology in Malaysia. The overall results show that there is a need to increase external competition and human capital supply for automotive firms in Malaysia to raise their technological capabilities.

Tanggung Jawab Hukum Penilai Publik terhadap Laporan Penilaian Kegiatan Pengadaan Tanah bagi Pembangunan untuk Kepentingan Umum (Studi Atas Kantor Jasa Penilai Publik Toto Suharto)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gagah Yaumiyya Riyoprakoso ◽  
AM Hasan Ali ◽  
Fitriyani Zein
Keyword(s):  
Future Development ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Legal Responsibility ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Government ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Systematic Explanation

This study is based on the legal responsibility of the assessment of public appraisal reports they make in land procurement activities for development in the public interest. Public assessment is obliged to always be accountable for their assessment. The type of research found in this thesis is a type of normative legal research with the right-hand of the statue approach and case approach. Normative legal research is a study that provides systematic explanation of rules governing a certain legal category, analyzing the relationship between regulations explaining areas of difficulty and possibly predicting future development. . After conducting research, researchers found that one of the causes that made the dispute was a lack of communication conducted between the Government and the landlord. In deliberation which should be the place where the parties find the meeting point between the parties on the magnitude of the damages that will be given, in the field is often used only for the delivery of the assessment of the compensation that has been done.

Byelorussian Nationalism and Western Russianism: the Problem of Confrontation

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 161-168
Author(s):  
Alexander D. Gronsky
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
The Government ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship

The article examines the relationship between Western Russianism (Zapadnorusizm) and Byelorussian nationalism. Byelorussian nationalism is much younger than Western Russianism, finally shaping only in the end of the 19th century. Before 1917 revolution Byelorussian nationalism could not compete with Western Russianism. The national policy of the Bolsheviks contributed to the decline of Western Russianism and helped Byelorussian nationalism to gain stronger positions. However, Byelorussian nationalists actively cooperated with the occupation authorities during the Great Patriotic war. That caused distinctly negative attitude of Byelorussians towards the movement and collaborators. Currently, Byelorussian nationalism is supported both by the opposition and by the government. Western Russianism has no political representation, but is supported by the majority of Byelorussian population.

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