scholarly journals PROTECTION OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY IN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 62-64
Author(s):  
Vitalija Česiulytė ◽  
Eligijus Toločka ◽  
Rolandas Strazdas
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Disease Treatment ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Substantial Investment

The development of pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries indicates that people around the world use different types of drugs for disease treatment and prevention. In the case of high demand for medicines, great attention to pharmacy industry is paid. Since the drugs are directly linked to human health and life, the state pays special attention to the safety of medicines and the quality of eligibility. Therefore, the companies wishing to become a part of this area are to obtain and then keep the license. The protection of intellectual property allows companies to use substantial investment in new drugs and treatment methods and to conduct research in the future. This is a particular concern for originator companies. Undefended patents also inhibit the creativity of local people as local innovators know that their products can be immediately copied, thus discouraging investment in new investigation.

STRUCTURAL AND SEMANTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE NAMES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF DISHES IN GERMAN RESTAURANT DISCOURSE

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-119
Author(s):  
Nadezhda G. KANTYSHEVA ◽  
Inna V. Solovyova
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Institutional Discourse ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Complex Words ◽  
First Time ◽  
Comprehensive Study

This article is devoted to a comprehensive study of the structural and semantic features of dish names and their descriptions in German in the field of restaurant discourse. The study employs cognitive discourse analysis, elements of comparative and contextological approaches, taking into account linguocultural parameters. The relevance of the comprehensive study of the names of dishes in restaurant discourse is due to an increased interest in the parameterization of lexical units in different types of institutional discourse. The scientific novelty of this work lies in the fact that for the first time, within the framework of a restaurant menu, not only the nomination of a dish is considered, but also the structural and semantic characteristics of its description are analysed. An attempt is made to analyse a connection between the nominations of dishes and their description in the restaurant menu, as well as to determine the semantic dominants of the genre under study. It is concluded that the text of the menu as a whole presents a combination of the language for special purposes and the language of advertising. In interaction with extralinguistic factors, the nominations of dishes and their descriptions not only document the culture of food in society, but also reflect the ethnocultural picture of the world. Based on the analysis of the menu texts, it is established that structurally the names of dishes are complex words or phrases, built mainly according to the attributive model. The description of dishes performs the function of verbalizing the sensations of taste and clarifying the method of preparing dishes, characterizing the quality of dishes, their ingredients, and the intensity of taste. Evaluative parameters in descriptions are expressed at the lexical, grammatical, syntactic and stylistic levels.

scholarly journals Bright Side of Fusarium oxysporum: Secondary Metabolites Bioactivities and Industrial Relevance in Biotechnology and Nanotechnology

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 943
Author(s):  
Sabrin R. M. Ibrahim ◽  
Alaa Sirwi ◽  
Basma G. Eid ◽  
Shaimaa G. A. Mohamed ◽  
Gamal A. Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Cyclic Peptides ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Biotechnological Applications ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Bright Side ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
Industrial Relevance

Fungi have been assured to be one of the wealthiest pools of bio-metabolites with remarkable potential for discovering new drugs. The pathogenic fungi, Fusarium oxysporum affects many valuable trees and crops all over the world, producing wilt. This fungus is a source of different enzymes that have variable industrial and biotechnological applications. Additionally, it is widely employed for the synthesis of different types of metal nanoparticles with various biotechnological, pharmaceutical, industrial, and medicinal applications. Moreover, it possesses a mysterious capacity to produce a wide array of metabolites with a broad spectrum of bioactivities such as alkaloids, jasmonates, anthranilates, cyclic peptides, cyclic depsipeptides, xanthones, quinones, and terpenoids. Therefore, this review will cover the previously reported data on F. oxysporum, especially its metabolites and their bioactivities, as well as industrial relevance in biotechnology and nanotechnology in the period from 1967 to 2021. In this work, 180 metabolites have been listed and 203 references have been cited.

Electronic Submission of New Drugs in Europe

2011 ◽  
pp. 255-261
Author(s):  
A. Susanne Eslinger ◽  
Daniela Marschall
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
International Standards ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Process Time ◽  
Economic Perspective ◽  
Electronic Submission ◽  
Electronic Form ◽  
The World ◽  
Time Savings ◽  
Admission Office

All over the world, drugs and drug applications have to be submitted to and approved by an admission office before they may be sold on the market. All procedures are extensive, time-consuming, and costly. To simplify the process, it could be organised electronically. In an economic perspective, there are many benefits by using the electronic form for the pharmaceutical industry: managing knowledge, cost advantages, and time savings. All, pharmaceutical industry and institutions have undertaken lots of efforts to enforce the electronic solutions. They focus on international standards in order to harmonise structures and processes. It would be necessary to reduce paper and copies, especially if the electronic solution takes place. This method will simplify the way to deal with data and documents and reduce process time and costs.

scholarly journals Investigating the impact of maximum residue limit standards on the vegetable trade in Japan

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong Woo Choi ◽  
Chengyan Yue
Keyword(s):  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Gravity Models ◽  
Maximum Residue Limit ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Imported Food ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Root Vegetables

Countries have become increasingly concerned about the safety of their food. Many countries have imposed standards on both domestically produced and imported food. In particular, countries have implemented regulations to control the quantity and quality of vegetable imports. Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) standards are one of the main restrictions adopted by numerous countries. Japan has one of the strictest MRL standards in the world. This study builds on previous studies to explore the impact of MRL standards on Japanese vegetable imports. Gravity models are used to analyze how MRL standards influence the Japanese imports of different types of vegetables (fruit vegetables, leafy vegetables, bulb vegetable, and root vegetables). The results reveal that the trade impacts of MRL standards are different for different types of vegetables, with the most significant impact on imports of leafy and fruit vegetables and the least significant impact on imports of bulb vegetables.

Outlook on China's Pharma Development — 2004

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Capie
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Good Manufacturing Practice ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
The World ◽  
Compliance Requirements

China's pharmaceutical industry is undergoing tremendous positive transformations, spurred both by the government's economic and political policies and the increasing investment/involvement by foreign pharma firms in China. This paper will describe the three major forces driving the changes: economic, regulatory and China's entrance into the World Trade Organization. These changes will contribute to China's emergence in the next decade as a major force in the international pharmaceutical arena, but the speed with which this will happen is contingent on overcoming the still-existing problems of intellectual property enforcement, regulatory capabilities, innovative skills and meeting EU/US good manufacturing practice quality and compliance requirements.

scholarly journals Market valorization of Serbian products with special characteristics

2019 ◽  
pp. 229-243
Author(s):  
Mario Lukinovic ◽  
Djordje Jovanovic
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
World Market ◽  
Priority List ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Safe Food ◽  
Indication Of Origin

The issue of the perspective of survival and production of sufficient amounts and quality of health-safe food in the future is on the top of the contemporary society?s priority list. Limitation of non-renewable and renewable resources (as well as dramatic increase of population in the world and climate changes) additionally makes reaching this goal difficult. The Republic of Serbia (and especially the Province of Vojvodina) is in this sense very significant as a region suitable for this kind of production, not only for domestic needs, but also for placement of these products on the world market. This paper systematically presents different types of marks (geographical indication of origin, standards, certificates, etc.) that might be used for labelling products that have special characteristics. Such product label might influence their better positioning and their sale (the overall valorisation), since products marked by them acquire higher prices.

scholarly journals Consumer buying behavior and attitude towards pharmaceuticals

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 3392-3397
Author(s):  
Suraj Kushe Shekhar ◽  
Tony P Jose ◽  
Rehin K R
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Price Sensitivity ◽  
Consumer Attitude ◽  
Purchase Decisions ◽  
Buying Behavior ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types

Pharmaceutical industry is a fastest growing industry in India. It is valued at above US 40 billion dollars. India exports large amount of drugs to difference parts of the world. Nowadays people are conscious of what they buy. Even if doctors prescribe a medicine, consumers resort to internet to get more information on the medicine before they consume it.  Consumers have different perceptions on various kinds of drugs. Understanding the consumer attitude towards drugs will help the marketers to formulate marketing strategies better. The present study examines as to what the consumers look out when they reach to purchase a drug from the pharmacy.  This paper scrutinizes and gives insights on consumer behavior and their attitudes towards buying different types of pharmaceuticals (like over-the counter drugs, herbals, ayurvedic, analgesics etc). The paper highlights the importance of factors like price, trust and  brand in making importance purchase decisions. Further it was also observed that most of the people prefer buying over-the-counter drugs, which might end up being misused by the consumers. However, it was also found that consumers try to be well-aware of the medicine before buying or consuming it. Along with it, price sensitivity is something which majorly dominates the buying behavior of the consumers.  

Influences on the Quality of Published Drug Studies

1996 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa A. Bero ◽  
Drummond Rennie
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Evidence Based Medicine ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Industry Funding ◽  
Based Medicine ◽  
Drug Studies

AbstractTo practice evidence-based medicine, physicians need data on the clinical effectiveness, toxicity, convenience, and cost of new drugs compared with available alternatives. We give examples of published drug studies that are defective, sometimes because pharmaceutical industry funding has affected their content and quality. We make recommendations on how to avoid these defects.

Pharmaceutical Development Process

2019 ◽  
pp. 133-157
Author(s):  
Yaashikaa Ponnambalam Ragini
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Drug Development ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Drug Application ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Pharmaceutical Drug ◽  
Pharmaceutical Development

The most significant attribute of the pharmaceutical industry is its creations and advancements. The innovation of new drugs is necessary for improving the quality of human life and duration. Pharmaceutical drug development is a time-consuming, costly, and crucial process. The essential goal of drug development is to discover a dosage or dosage scale of a drug application that is both efficient in curing the desired disease and safe. Clinical trials including newly developed drugs that are directed in a progression of successive steps called stages to decide the security and efficacy of the new drug moreover the viability against the targeted diseases. There are four phases through which clinical trials are conducted. An investigational item can be assessed in more than one stage all the while in various clinical trials, and some clinical trials may cover two unique stages.

Ayurvedic Approach to Addiction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahla J. Modir
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Ayurvedic Medicine ◽  
Treatment Model ◽  
Medical Systems ◽  
Disease Treatment ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Treatment Approaches ◽  
Natural Medicine ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types

Ayurveda is one of the oldest systems of natural medicine in the world. Originating over 4,000 years ago, it is the root of several other branches of traditional medicine including the Chinese and Greek medical systems. The word “veda” means knowledge or science and the term “ayus” means life in Sanskrit. Thus, the term “ayurveda” means the knowledge or “science of life.” In this chapter, we review the basic principles and pathophysiology of illness from an Ayurvedic medicine perspective. We also discuss in depth the disease treatment model from an Ayurvedic perspective. Additionally, we explore the Ayurvedic view of addiction and discuss treatment approaches. Included is the use of the Ayurvedic model to describe and treat three different types of alcoholism as an illustration of varying doshic imbalances.

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