scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS ON CHANGES IN THE VOLUME OF THE PINE STEM AT THE END OF VEGETATION USING HIGH RESOLUTION DENDROMETERS / METEOROLOGINIŲ SĄLYGŲ POVEIKIS DIDELĖS RAIŠKOS DENDROMETRAIS IŠMATUOTAM PINUS SYLVESTRIS KAMIENO APIMTIES POKYČIUI VEGETACIJOS PERIODO PABAIGOJE

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 392-399
Author(s):  
Marija Tamkevičiūtė ◽  
Julius Taminskas ◽  
Virmantas Šmatas ◽  
Rūtilė Pukienė
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Radial Increment ◽  
Equal Distribution ◽  
Raised Bogs ◽  
The Impact

Using dendrometers for measuring a radial increment of trees is efficient not only for investigation into the dynamics of the increment but also for changes in the tree stem in general, for a physiological condition of trees during certain periods of time, reliance on meteorological conditions and for tree-ring formation studies. The conducted research has applied to high resolution DRL 26 dendrometers that helped with identifying and distinguishing the impacts of climatic factors on the physiology and growth of trees. Also, the performed investigation assisted in assessing the impact of microclimate conditions on changes in tree stems. The location for installing dendrometers was selected with reference to the criteria such as representative research location, the degree of violation assessment, equal distribution of research sites in Lithuania and the estimation of climatic, hydrologic and anthropogenic conditions. Considering the above mentioned criteria, three raised bogs in which temperature, automatic water level devices in wells and dendrometers installed in measurement areas were chosen. The research period lasted from the end of the vegetation period to the beginning of dormancy season. For research purposes, 5 growing Scots pines (Pinus sylvestris) were used for examining changes in the stem volume. Another objective was to find out how stems were affected by growing in bog surroundings and to analyse the synchronicity of volume changes between trees. The conducted research disclosed specific features of the dynamics of changes in the stem volume at the end of vegetation, and the beginning of dormancy season was found. Medžių radialiajam priaugiui tirti taikomas dendrometrų metodas padeda spręsti ne vien apie prieaugio dinamiką, bet ir apie medžio kamieno apimties pokyčius apskritai, fiziologinę medžių būklę tam tikrais laiko periodais, priklausomybę nuo meteorologinių sąlygų ir rievės formavimosi savitumų. Tyrimuose buvo naudoti didelės raiškos DRL 26 dendrometrai, leidžiantys nustatyti ir interpretuoti klimatinių rodiklių įtaką medžio fiziologijai ir augimui, įvertinti mikroklimatinių sąlygų poveikį medžio kamieno pokyčiams. Atsižvelgiant į reprezentatyvią tyrimų vietų imtį, skirtingą pažeidimo laipsnį ir tolygų tyrimo vietų pasiskirstymą Lietuvoje, įvertinant klimatines, hidrologines ir (arba) antropogenines sąlygas, buvo pasirinktos trys aukštapelkės, matavimo aikštelėse įrengti gręžiniai su automatiniais vandens lygio ir temperatūros matuokliais, įrengti dendrometrai. Siekiant išsiaiškinti pušies, augančios pelkinėse augavietėse, kamieno apimties pokyčius formuojančius veiksnius bei vertinant atskirų medžių tarpusavio sinchronizacijos ypatumus, darbe naudota penkių dabartinių augančios paprastosios pušies (Pinus sylvestris) kamienų apimties pokyčių analizė. Tyrimų metu nustatyti kamieno apimties kitimo ypatumai vegetacijos periodo pabaigos – ramybės sezono pradžioje.

scholarly journals The impact of soil and climatic factors on forest growth

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
Kitti Balog ◽  
András Szabó ◽  
János Rásó
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Black Locust ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Aridity Index ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Humus Layer ◽  
The Impact

This preliminary study reveals the relations between the forest growth (annual dendromass increment; ADMinc - as dependent variable) and some important soil factors, which have effect on plant growth, such as: groundwater level (GWL), groundwater composition (GWC), plant available water capacity (PAWC), depth of humus layer, texture (hyi) and pH of the soil, moreover the maximum concentration (MAX) of salt and CaCCb and the depth of its MAX in the soil profile. 17 plantations (Poplar, Common oak and Black locust) are included in the analysis investigated all over the Great Hungarian Plain. Correlation profile of the above parameters was created explaining that two abiotic parameters limit plant growth: if GWL is deeper than 5 m and if HCO3 concentration in groundwater is high (above 15 meq/L). Within the tested range (0.17 - 2.23 mS/cm for electrical conductivity (EC) and 0.5 /sand/ - 4.21 /clay loam/ for hyi), the higher magnitude of EC results in higher ADMinc and the higher hyi (higher proportion of fine soil particles) leads to higher ADMinc The positive relationship of ADMinc with EC suggests good nutrient supply of the soil, while the higher proportion of fine particles refers to better water management properties. Thickness of humus layer is an important soil factor: compared to shallow humus layer, deep one increases ADMinc exponentially. In case of Black locust, PAWC is the substantial factor for growing, unlike Poplar, whose growth depends on groundwater uptake (GWU). This phenomenon originates from the differences between the individual needs of the tree species and differences in root morphology. Merely 4 sampling plots were equipped with meteorological stations, thus the number of climatic parameter data were not enough for statistical analysis. So data for all 17 plots were collected from literature and a general, regionally calculated data were applied (mean rainfall in the vegetation period and aridity index). There was no significant correlation between climatic parameters and ADMinc Further studies and more field investigations are needed in order to clarify the results.

scholarly journals Impact of urban parameterization on high resolution air quality forecast with the GEM – AQ model

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 10387-10404 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Struzewska ◽  
J. W. Kaminski
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Specific Humidity ◽  
Air Quality Forecast ◽  
Pollutant Concentrations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Quality Forecast

Abstract. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of urban cover on high-resolution air quality forecast simulations with the GEM-AQ (Global Environmental Multiscale and Air Quality) model. The impact of urban area on the ambient atmosphere is non-stationary, and short-term variability of meteorological conditions may result in significant changes of the observed intensity of urban heat island and pollutant concentrations. In this study we used the Town Energy Balance (TEB) parameterization to represent urban effects on modelled meteorological and air quality parameters at the final nesting level with horizontal resolution of ~5 km over Southern Poland. Three one-day cases representing different meteorological conditions were selected and the model was run with and without the TEB parameterization. Three urban cover categories were used in the TEB parameterization: mid-high buildings, very low buildings and low density suburbs. Urban cover layers were constructed based on an area fraction of towns in a grid cell. To analyze the impact of urban parameterization on modelled meteorological and air quality parameters, anomalies in the lowest model layer for the air temperature, wind speed and pollutant concentrations were calculated. Anomalies of the specific humidity fields indicate that the use of the TEB parameterization leads to a systematic reduction of moisture content in the air. Comparison with temperature and wind speed measurements taken at urban background monitoring stations shows that application of urban parameterization improves model results. For primary pollutants the impact of urban areas is most significant in regions characterized with high emissions. In most cases the anomalies of NO2 and CO concentrations were negative. This reduction is most likely caused by an enhanced vertical mixing due to elevated surface temperature and modified vertical stability.

SCOTS PINE (PINUS SYLVESTRIS L.) RADIAL GROWTH DYNAMICS IN FOREST STANDS IN THE VICINITY OF “AKMENES CEMENTAS” PLANT/PAPRASTOSIOS PUŠIES (PINUS SYLVESTRIS L.) RADIALIOJO PRIEAUGIO DINAMIKA ,,AKMENĖS CEMENTO“ GAMYKLOS APLINKOS MEDYNUOSE/ ДИНАМИКА РАДИАЛЬНОГО ПРИРОСТА СОСНЫ ОБЫКНОВЕННОЙ (PINUS SYLVESTRIS L.) В ДРЕВОСТОЯХ, РАСТУЩИХ В ОКРЕСТНОСТЯХ ЗАВОДА „АКМЯНЕС ЦЕМЕНТАС“

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 140-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vida Stravinskienė ◽  
Regina Erlickytė-Marčiukaitienė
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Radial Increment ◽  
Local Impact ◽  
Plant Emissions

Investigation of Scots pine annual radial increment was carried out in the surroundings of one of the largest pollution sources in Lithuania – the cement plant “Akmenes cementas”. The main objective of the investigation was to analyse possible impact of climatic and anthropogenic factors on the radial growth of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands growing in the local impact zone of the plant. Investigation has shown that in peat‐bog sites active vegetation period temperature higher than the long‐term average influences the formation of radial increment positively (r = 0.22–0.34; p < 0.05), and July precipitation higher than the long‐term average causes the reduction of radial increment (r = ‐0.25; p < 0.05) of the investigated pines. Analysis of the relation between pine radial increment and plant emissions has shown that the strongest correlations are in the closest vicinity of the plant (r = -0.63; p < 0.05). Weaker, but statistically significant relations were found between radial increment of pines growing at a distance of 5–10 km from the plant and plant emissions (r = -0.49; p < 0.05), and for the most distant pine correlations became insignificant (p > 0.05). Linear regression results have shown that changes of the radial increment of pine stands closest to the plant are the biggest and they decrease with distance from the plant. Santrauka Paprastosios pušies (Pinus sylvestris L.) metinio radialiojo prieaugio pokyčių tyrimai buvo atliekami cemento gamyklos „Akmenės cementas“ aplinkoje. Pagrindinis šio tyrimo tikslas – nustatyti galimą klimato ir antropogeninių veiksnių įtaką paprastosios pušies (Pinus sylvestris L.) medynų radialiajam prieaugiui gamyklos aplinkoje. Nustatyta, kad gamyklos aplinkoje augančiuose raistašilio (Carico–sphagnosa) miško tipo pušynuose teigiamos įtakos pušų radialiojo prieaugio formavimuisi turi aukštesnė nei vidutinė daugiametė aktyviosios vegetacijos oro temperatūra (r = 0,22–0,34; p < 0,05), o didesnis nei vidutinis daugiametis liepos mėnesio kritulių kiekis lemia radialiojo prieaugio mažėjimą (r = –0,25; p < 0,05). Nagrinėjant pušų radialiojo prieaugio sąsają su gamyklos teršalų kiekiu, stipriausias koreliacinis priklausomumas nustatytas artimiausioje gamyklos aplinkoje (iki 5 km) (r = –0,63; p < 0,05). Silpnesnis, tačiau statistiškai patikimas priklausomumas nustatytas tarp vidutiniu atstumu nuo gamyklos (5–10 km) augančių pušų prieaugio ir gamyklos teršalų kiekio. Toliausiai nuo gamyklos (per 10–20 km) augančių pušų radialiojo prieaugio sąsaja su bendruoju ir pavienių teršalų kiekiu yra statistiškai nepatikima (p > 0,05). Iš tiesinės regresinės analizės rezultatų akivaizdu, kad pušynų artimiausioje gamyklos aplinkoje metinio radialiojo prieaugio pokyčiai yra didžiausi, o tolstant nuo gamyklos mažėja. Резюме Исследования годового радиального прироста сосны обыкновенной (Pinus sylvestris L.) были проведены в окрестностях цементного завода „Акмянес цементас“. Главная цель исследования – определить возможное влияние климатических и антропогенных факторов на изменение радиального прироста сосны обыкновенной (Pinus sylvestris L.), произрастающей в окрестностях цементного завода. Исследования показали, что на формирование радиального прироста сосен, растущих в сосновых древостоях леса типа Carico-sphagnosa, позитивное влияние оказывает температура воздуха, превышающая среднюю многолетнюю температуру воздуха активной вегетации (r = 0.22–0.34; p < 0.05), а количество осадков в июле, превышающее среднее многолетнее количество, способствует уменьшению радиального прироста (r = –0.25; p < 0.05). Корреляционный анализ зависимости радиального прироста сосен от эмиссии завода показал сильнейшую связь (r = –0.63; p < 0.05) на расстоянии до 5 км от завода. На расстоянии 5–10 км от завода корреляционная связь уменьшается, а при дальнейшем удалении от завода статистически не доказана. Результаты линейной регрессии показали, что наибольшие изменения радиального прироста сосен происходят на расстоянии до 5 км от завода, а с увеличением расстояния от завода они уменьшаются.

scholarly journals Influence of meteorological factors on the formation of radial growth of trees in coniferous stands of the Leningrad region

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.В. Чудаков ◽  
Д.А. Данилов ◽  
Д.А. Зайцев
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Monthly Precipitation ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
Spruce Wood ◽  
The Impact

Проведено исследование влияния климатических факторов на показатели прироста древостоев сосны (Pinus sylvestris) и ели (Picea abies) естественного происхождения, не затронутых рубками. Объекты исследования – древостои с разной долей участия этих пород в однородных условиях произрастания на почвах с двучленными отложениями. Длительность анализируемого периода составила 54 года, на текущий момент древостои являются спелыми. Была изучена связь прироста со средней температурой воздуха за вегетационный период и суммой осадков за вегетационный период. Анализ связей климата с параметрами древесины хвойных проводили на основе поиска статистически значимых ранговых коэффициентов корреляции между древесно-кольцевыми хронологиями и климатическими факторами в насаждениях с разной долей участия сосны и ели. Вычислялся коэффициент ранговой корреляции Спирмена как количественная оценка связи между исследуемыми явлениями. Ранговый корреляционный анализ позволил на статистически значимом уровне оценить вклад средних температур и суммы осадков по месяцам в формирование макроструктурных элементов древесины сосны и ели. Прослеживается большая метеозависимость элементов годичного прироста древесины ели, чем сосны, в данных условиях. Для соснового элемента смешанных хвойных древостоев наибольшая взаимосвязь с температурными показателями наблюдается в июле–сентябре, тогда как для ели выявлена ярко выраженная зависимость с этим фактором в мае для всех древостоев с ее участием. Проведенное исследование показало, что в зависимости от доли участия ели и сосны образование структурных элементов ксилемы годичного прироста имеет разную степень по силе вязи со средними температурами и суммой осадков по месяцам вегетационного периода. A study was carried out on the impact of climatic factors on the increment rates of pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) stands of natural origin, not affected by forestry impact. Tree stands with different participation of these species in similar growth conditions on binary deposits soils were reviewed. The duration of the analyzed period was 54 years, at the present time stands are mature. The connection between the growth and average air temperature during the growing season and the amount of precipitation during the growing season was studied. The analysis of climate relationships with coniferous wood parameters was carried out on the basis of searching statistically significant rank coefficients of correlation between wood-ring chronologies and climate factors in stands with different participation shares of pine and spruce. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was calculated as a quantitative evaluation of the connection between the observed effects. Rank correlation analysis allowed to estimate at statistically significant level the contribution of average temperatures and the sum of monthly precipitation on the formation of macrostructural elements of pine and spruce wood. There is a higher meteorological dependence on the increment rate of spruce wood than pine wood in the given conditions. For the pine element of mixed coniferous trees the greatest correlation of increment with temperature indices is observed in July-September months, while for the spruce a marked dependence with this factor was revealed in May month for all stands with spruce participation. The study showed that depending on the share of conifers, the formation of structural elements of the xylem has a different strength of the relationship with average temperatures and the amount of precipitation in the months of the growing season.

scholarly journals Dendroclimotological research of scots pine in stand of the Left-bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Change ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Radial Increment ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Second Period

Purpose of this research was to detect influence of climatic change on pine radial increment in stand in the Left-bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine as example 100-years-old stand at State Enterprise 'Kharkiv forest scientific research station’. Methods. Dendrochronological. Method of correlation function and multiple regressions (response function) were used to analyze the influence of climatic factors on tree radial increment. For this purpose computer program RESPO was used. Results. Tree ring series were built and were used for correlation analysis between climatic factors and pine radial increment for two periods: 1960-1988 and 1988-2016.Years of minimum (1933, 1942, 1956, 1972, 1976, 1976, 1987, 1992, 2002, 2006 та 2012) and maximum (1933, 1942, 1956, 1972, 1975, 1976, 1979, 1979, 1979, 1987, 1992, 2002 та 2012) of radial increment were detected. Depressions of pine radial increment were as a result of negative weather conditions: low and high winter and early-spring temperature, droughts during vegetation period. Maximums of radial increments were depended on favorable weather conditions for pine radial growth. Correlation and Response analysis for two periods showed that increase of temperature and precipitation, excluding winter precipitation, changed response of forest ecosystems to climatic change: if in first period (1960-1988) radial increment limited by April temperature and together July temperature positively influenced on radial growth, in second period (1988-2016) June temperature negatively infuenced on radial increment. Slight increase precipitation during vegetation period could not soften impact if high temperature during vegetatation period on tree radial increment. Conclusions. At comparison 1960-1988 and 1988-2016 it was detected that during first period positive influence of summer temperature on radial growth was distinctive and for second period one started to limit increment (negative influence) were detected. Slight increase of precipitation for vegetation period in second period significantly didn’t influence on pine radial growth. In second period increase of winter temperature and number of thaws negatively influenced on soil moisture, decreased of tree ring widths.

scholarly journals Contribution of Ambient Ozone to Changes in Scots Pine Defoliation. Step II of Lithuanian Studies

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 47-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Algirdas Augustaitis ◽  
Ingrida Augustaitiene ◽  
Almantas Kliucius ◽  
Rasele Girgzdiene ◽  
Dalia Sopauskiene
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Acid Deposition ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Synergetic Effect ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Air Concentration ◽  
Crown Defoliation ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
The Impact

This study aimed to explore if changes in peak ozone (O3) concentrations may reinforce the phytotoxic effects of air concentration of acidifying compounds and their deposition, as well as unfavorable climatic factors on pine crown defoliation. Forty-eight pine stands with more than 8000 sample pine trees have been monitored annually. The impact of sulfur dioxide (SO2) on pine defoliation was found to be the most significant. The impacts of peak O3concentrations, acid deposition, and amount of precipitation were considerably lower, whereas the impact of air temperature, the least. Contribution of peak O3concentrations to the integrated impact of acid deposition and amount of precipitation on pine defoliation was most significant, whereas the contribution to the impact of acidifying air compounds, mainly SO2, was the least. No synergetic effect between peak O3concentrations and high temperature during vegetation period was detected.

scholarly journals Climatic signals in tree-ring width and stable isotopes composition of Pinus sylvestris L. Growing in the industrialized area nearby Kędzierzyn-Koźle

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 240-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Sensuła ◽  
Sławomir Wilczyński
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Tree Rings ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Spectrometric Analysis ◽  
Tree Ring Width ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The main aims of these studies were dendrochronological and mass spectrometric analysis of the impact of climate on tree rings width and stable isotopes composition in pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). The conifers were growing in the vicinity of chemical and nitrogen factories in Kędzierzyn-Koźle (Poland) in the period of time from 1920s to 2012 AD. The combined usage of tree ring width and isotopic composition data provides historic records of the environment changes. These data allows identifying the behavior adaptation of pine growing under pollution stress to climate changes. The incremental rhythm of the studied pine populations was not identical, probably due to their different sensitivities to some climatic factors. This study evidences that the isotopic records in tree-rings α-cellulose may be sensitive bio-indicators of the way that the components of air and water may be changed by the trees in response to the climate changes and anthropogenic effects. The water use efficiency may be strongly correlated with variability of the surface temperature that may be due to increase of CO2 emission.

scholarly journals The impact of climate change on the corn yield in Serbia

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (50) ◽  
pp. 133-140
Author(s):  
Gordana Petrović ◽  
Darjan Karabašević ◽  
Svetlana Vukotić ◽  
Vuk Mirčetić ◽  
Adriana Radosavac
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Agricultural Plant ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the paper is to show the impact of climate factors on the corn yield in Serbia. Contemporary climate reports show that climate is changing, and the emission of greenhouse gases is one of the main causes of climate change. In three different locations (West Bačka District, Šumadija District and Nišava District) different climatic conditions and corn yield were analyzed for the period from 1991 to 2011. In the research process, the model of multiple linear regression and Pearson coefficient of correlation was applied. Obtained results has shown that there is a high correlation between parameters of climate conditions and variance of corn yield. A small amount of precipitation quantity and high maximum values of temperatures in the vegetation period influenced the decrease in yield, which was particularly noticed during the period from 2000 to 2007. A lower yield of corn was established compared to the average yield in all three observed districts, in the Šumadija district, the yield was lower 48% in 2000 and 52% in 2007, in the West Bačka District, a yield was lower 40% in 2000 and 20% in 2007, and in the Nišava District, the yield was lower 65% in 2000 and 49% in 2007. There are perennial variations of climatic factors, especially temperature and precipitation quantity, which affect the realization of the economic profitability of growing agricultural plant species. Losses in agriculture can be higher in conditions of an unstable climate. It is necessary to more precisely predict climate change and create new hybrids and varieties for cultivation that will be adaptable to changed climate conditions. Adaptations of plants to climatic conditions changes will contribute to greater economy of agricultural production, and the provision of food for the world's population.

scholarly journals The impact of onion cultivation at irrigation on the productivity of spring barley in the system of dry farming in the North-Western Pre-Caspian

2019 ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Natalya Ivanovna Matveeva ◽  
Yury Nikolaevich Petrov ◽  
Elena Vladimirovna Kalmykova ◽  
Olga Vladimirovna Kalmykova ◽  
Viktor Bisengalievich Narushev
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
The North ◽  
Dry Farming ◽  
The Impact ◽  
North Western

They are given technological schemes for the rational development of the agricultural lands of the periodic irrigation of the North-Western Pre-Caspian. Experimental studies were carried out to study the water and physical properties of periodically irrigated light chestnut soils in the system of dry farming in the North-Western Pre-Caspian. Observations, accounting and economic calculations were carried out in accordance with generally accepted methods. During all the years of research, barley yields on periodically irrigated plots, regardless of the meteorological conditions of the growing season, were higher than the corresponding indicators on rainfed plots by 1,5...3,0 times. The average yield of barley grain was 2.43 t / ha - after onion, 0.91 t / ha –after autumn ploughing. Crops after onions with drip irrigation were distinguished by high profitability - from 57.5 to 173.4% (on average – 129.5%), whereas, crops on dry-farming land were unprofitable from eight years in three because of the dry conditions of the vegetation period. The developed technology of periodic irrigation in conjunction with climatic factors and soil conditions of the North-Western Pre-Caspian, as well as the technical means of its implementation, makes it possible to significantly reduce the degradation processes of the irrigated soils of the region and reduce the cost of producing spring grain crops.

scholarly journals Impact of urban parameterization on high resolution air quality forecast with the GEM – AQ model

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 9517-9551
Author(s):  
J. Struzewska ◽  
J. W. Kaminski
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Anthropogenic Heat ◽  
Air Quality Forecast ◽  
Pollutant Concentrations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Quality Forecast

Abstract. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of urban cover on high-resolution air quality forecast simulations with the GEM-AQ model. The impact of urban area on the ambient atmosphere is non-stationary and short-term variability of meteorological conditions may result in significant changes of the observed intensity of urban heat island and pollutant concentrations. In this study we used the Town Energy Balance (TEB) parameterization to represent urban effects on modelled meteorological and air quality parameters at the final nesting level with horizontal resolution of ~5 km over Southern Poland. Three one-day cases representing different meteorological conditions were selected and the model was run with and without the TEB parameterization. Three urban cover categories were used in the TEB parameterization: mid-high buildings, sparse buildings and a mix of buildings and nature. Urban cover layers were constructed based on an area fraction of towns in a grid cell. To analyze the impact of urban parameterization on modelled meteorological and air quality parameters, anomalies in the lowest model layer for the temperature, wind speed and pollutant concentrations were calculated. Anomalies of the specific humidity fields indicate that the use of the TEB parameterization leads to a systematic reduction of moisture content in the air. Comparison with temperature and wind speed measurements taken at urban background monitoring stations shows that application of urban parameterization improves model results. For primary pollutants the impact of urban areas is most significant in regions characterized with high emissions. In most cases the anomalies of NO2 and CO concentrations are negative. This reduction is most likely caused by an enhanced vertical mixing due to elevated surface temperature and modified vertical stability. Although the outcome from this study is promising, it does not give an answer concerning the benefits of using TEB in the GEM-AQ model in an operational configuration. Additional long term evaluation would be required to better estimate the anthropogenic heat flux and to assess the urban impact in longer time scales (seasonal and annual average).

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