scholarly journals The impact of soil and climatic factors on forest growth

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
Kitti Balog ◽  
András Szabó ◽  
János Rásó
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Black Locust ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Aridity Index ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Humus Layer ◽  
The Impact

This preliminary study reveals the relations between the forest growth (annual dendromass increment; ADMinc - as dependent variable) and some important soil factors, which have effect on plant growth, such as: groundwater level (GWL), groundwater composition (GWC), plant available water capacity (PAWC), depth of humus layer, texture (hyi) and pH of the soil, moreover the maximum concentration (MAX) of salt and CaCCb and the depth of its MAX in the soil profile. 17 plantations (Poplar, Common oak and Black locust) are included in the analysis investigated all over the Great Hungarian Plain. Correlation profile of the above parameters was created explaining that two abiotic parameters limit plant growth: if GWL is deeper than 5 m and if HCO3 concentration in groundwater is high (above 15 meq/L). Within the tested range (0.17 - 2.23 mS/cm for electrical conductivity (EC) and 0.5 /sand/ - 4.21 /clay loam/ for hyi), the higher magnitude of EC results in higher ADMinc and the higher hyi (higher proportion of fine soil particles) leads to higher ADMinc The positive relationship of ADMinc with EC suggests good nutrient supply of the soil, while the higher proportion of fine particles refers to better water management properties. Thickness of humus layer is an important soil factor: compared to shallow humus layer, deep one increases ADMinc exponentially. In case of Black locust, PAWC is the substantial factor for growing, unlike Poplar, whose growth depends on groundwater uptake (GWU). This phenomenon originates from the differences between the individual needs of the tree species and differences in root morphology. Merely 4 sampling plots were equipped with meteorological stations, thus the number of climatic parameter data were not enough for statistical analysis. So data for all 17 plots were collected from literature and a general, regionally calculated data were applied (mean rainfall in the vegetation period and aridity index). There was no significant correlation between climatic parameters and ADMinc Further studies and more field investigations are needed in order to clarify the results.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS ON CHANGES IN THE VOLUME OF THE PINE STEM AT THE END OF VEGETATION USING HIGH RESOLUTION DENDROMETERS / METEOROLOGINIŲ SĄLYGŲ POVEIKIS DIDELĖS RAIŠKOS DENDROMETRAIS IŠMATUOTAM PINUS SYLVESTRIS KAMIENO APIMTIES POKYČIUI VEGETACIJOS PERIODO PABAIGOJE

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 392-399
Author(s):  
Marija Tamkevičiūtė ◽  
Julius Taminskas ◽  
Virmantas Šmatas ◽  
Rūtilė Pukienė
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Radial Increment ◽  
Equal Distribution ◽  
Raised Bogs ◽  
The Impact

Using dendrometers for measuring a radial increment of trees is efficient not only for investigation into the dynamics of the increment but also for changes in the tree stem in general, for a physiological condition of trees during certain periods of time, reliance on meteorological conditions and for tree-ring formation studies. The conducted research has applied to high resolution DRL 26 dendrometers that helped with identifying and distinguishing the impacts of climatic factors on the physiology and growth of trees. Also, the performed investigation assisted in assessing the impact of microclimate conditions on changes in tree stems. The location for installing dendrometers was selected with reference to the criteria such as representative research location, the degree of violation assessment, equal distribution of research sites in Lithuania and the estimation of climatic, hydrologic and anthropogenic conditions. Considering the above mentioned criteria, three raised bogs in which temperature, automatic water level devices in wells and dendrometers installed in measurement areas were chosen. The research period lasted from the end of the vegetation period to the beginning of dormancy season. For research purposes, 5 growing Scots pines (Pinus sylvestris) were used for examining changes in the stem volume. Another objective was to find out how stems were affected by growing in bog surroundings and to analyse the synchronicity of volume changes between trees. The conducted research disclosed specific features of the dynamics of changes in the stem volume at the end of vegetation, and the beginning of dormancy season was found. Medžių radialiajam priaugiui tirti taikomas dendrometrų metodas padeda spręsti ne vien apie prieaugio dinamiką, bet ir apie medžio kamieno apimties pokyčius apskritai, fiziologinę medžių būklę tam tikrais laiko periodais, priklausomybę nuo meteorologinių sąlygų ir rievės formavimosi savitumų. Tyrimuose buvo naudoti didelės raiškos DRL 26 dendrometrai, leidžiantys nustatyti ir interpretuoti klimatinių rodiklių įtaką medžio fiziologijai ir augimui, įvertinti mikroklimatinių sąlygų poveikį medžio kamieno pokyčiams. Atsižvelgiant į reprezentatyvią tyrimų vietų imtį, skirtingą pažeidimo laipsnį ir tolygų tyrimo vietų pasiskirstymą Lietuvoje, įvertinant klimatines, hidrologines ir (arba) antropogenines sąlygas, buvo pasirinktos trys aukštapelkės, matavimo aikštelėse įrengti gręžiniai su automatiniais vandens lygio ir temperatūros matuokliais, įrengti dendrometrai. Siekiant išsiaiškinti pušies, augančios pelkinėse augavietėse, kamieno apimties pokyčius formuojančius veiksnius bei vertinant atskirų medžių tarpusavio sinchronizacijos ypatumus, darbe naudota penkių dabartinių augančios paprastosios pušies (Pinus sylvestris) kamienų apimties pokyčių analizė. Tyrimų metu nustatyti kamieno apimties kitimo ypatumai vegetacijos periodo pabaigos – ramybės sezono pradžioje.

scholarly journals Long-Term Impact of Wind Erosion on the Particle Size Distribution of Soils in the Eastern Part of the European Union

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 935
Author(s):  
Lenka Lackóová ◽  
Jozefína Pokrývková ◽  
Jana Kozlovsky Dufková ◽  
Agnieszka Policht-Latawiec ◽  
Krystyna Michałowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Wind Erosion ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Impact

Wind erosion is the leading cause of soil degradation and air pollution in many regions of the world. As wind erosion is controlled by climatic factors, research on this phenomenon is urgently needed in soil and land management in order to better adapt to climate change. In this paper, the impact of wind erosion on the soil surface in relation to particle size distribution was investigated. Changes in percentage of sand, silt and clay fractions based on historical KPP data (1961–1970), LUCAS data base (2009), and field measurements (2016) were analysed in five cadastral areas impacted by wind erosion (Záhorie Lowlands, Slovakia). With the use of GIS tools, models of spatial distribution of sand, silt, clay and erodible fraction (EF) content were developed based on those measurements. Our findings proved that soil texture change driven by wind erosion could happen relatively quickly, and a significant proportion of soil fine particles may be carried away within a few years. The results indicate that the soil surface became much rougher over the period of more than 50 years, but also that the accumulation of fraction of the silt particles occurred in most of the areas affected by the erosive effect.

scholarly journals Contribution of Ambient Ozone to Changes in Scots Pine Defoliation. Step II of Lithuanian Studies

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 47-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Algirdas Augustaitis ◽  
Ingrida Augustaitiene ◽  
Almantas Kliucius ◽  
Rasele Girgzdiene ◽  
Dalia Sopauskiene
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Acid Deposition ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Synergetic Effect ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Air Concentration ◽  
Crown Defoliation ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
The Impact

This study aimed to explore if changes in peak ozone (O3) concentrations may reinforce the phytotoxic effects of air concentration of acidifying compounds and their deposition, as well as unfavorable climatic factors on pine crown defoliation. Forty-eight pine stands with more than 8000 sample pine trees have been monitored annually. The impact of sulfur dioxide (SO2) on pine defoliation was found to be the most significant. The impacts of peak O3concentrations, acid deposition, and amount of precipitation were considerably lower, whereas the impact of air temperature, the least. Contribution of peak O3concentrations to the integrated impact of acid deposition and amount of precipitation on pine defoliation was most significant, whereas the contribution to the impact of acidifying air compounds, mainly SO2, was the least. No synergetic effect between peak O3concentrations and high temperature during vegetation period was detected.

scholarly journals The impact of climate change on soil water balance and agricultural production sustainability in Mediterranean part of Bosnia and Herzegovina

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Melisa Ljusa ◽  
Hamid Custovic ◽  
Sabina Hodzic
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Soil Water Balance ◽  
Monthly Precipitation ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

<p>The world agriculture uses about 70% of the world water resources in irrigation. The concern over the sustainability of water use as demand for agricultural, industrial, and domestic uses continues to increase. Conflicts between particular sectors result in tensions, which sometimes lead to “water wars” in different parts of the world. It is the reason why many national and international organizations are putting the water quantity and quality questions on the top of the world’s open questions/problems. The main aim of this paper is to present soil water balance of the Mediterranean region of Bosnia and Herzegovina, prepared for a long-term time series for two locations (Trebinje and Mostar) annually and during the vegetation period. The mean long-term data has been used as a base for future predicted calculation. The predicted PET was based on an increase in air temperature by 2°C and predicted decrease in precipitation by 25%. With so predicted calculated data of monthly PET and monthly precipitation the predicted soil water balance was done.</p>

Aridity Changes and Related Climatic Drivers in the Drylands of China during 1960–2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 607-617
Author(s):  
Jinqin Xu ◽  
Yan Zeng ◽  
Xinfa Qiu ◽  
Yongjian He ◽  
Guoping Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Sunshine Duration ◽  
Aridity Index ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Precipitation And Temperature

AbstractDrylands cover about one-half of the land surface in China and are highly sensitive to climate change. Understanding climate change and its impact drivers on dryland is essential for supporting dryland planning and sustainable development. Using meteorological observations for 1960–2019, the aridity changes in drylands of China were evaluated using aridity index (AI), and the impact of various climatic factors [i.e., precipitation P; sunshine duration (SSD); relative humidity (RH); maximum temperature (Tmax); minimum temperature (Tmin); wind speed (WS)] on the aridity changes was decomposed and quantified. Results of trend analysis based on Sen’s slope estimator and Mann–Kendall test indicated that the aridity trends were very weak when averaged over the whole drylands in China during 1960–2019 but exhibited a significant wetting trend in hyperarid and arid regions of drylands. The AI was most sensitive to changes in water factors (i.e., P and RH), followed by SSD, Tmax, and WS, but the sensitivity of AI to Tmin was very small and negligible. Interestingly, the dominant climatic driver to AI change varied in the four dryland subtypes. The significantly increased P dominated the increase in AI in the hyperarid and arid regions. The significantly reduced WS and the significantly increased Tmax contributed more to AI changes than the P in the semiarid and dry subhumid regions of drylands. Previous studies emphasized the impact of precipitation and temperature on the global or regional dry–wet changes; however, the findings of this study suggest that, beyond precipitation and temperature, the impact of wind speed on aridity changes of drylands in China should be given equal attention.

scholarly journals The impact of climate change on the corn yield in Serbia

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (50) ◽  
pp. 133-140
Author(s):  
Gordana Petrović ◽  
Darjan Karabašević ◽  
Svetlana Vukotić ◽  
Vuk Mirčetić ◽  
Adriana Radosavac
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Agricultural Plant ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the paper is to show the impact of climate factors on the corn yield in Serbia. Contemporary climate reports show that climate is changing, and the emission of greenhouse gases is one of the main causes of climate change. In three different locations (West Bačka District, Šumadija District and Nišava District) different climatic conditions and corn yield were analyzed for the period from 1991 to 2011. In the research process, the model of multiple linear regression and Pearson coefficient of correlation was applied. Obtained results has shown that there is a high correlation between parameters of climate conditions and variance of corn yield. A small amount of precipitation quantity and high maximum values of temperatures in the vegetation period influenced the decrease in yield, which was particularly noticed during the period from 2000 to 2007. A lower yield of corn was established compared to the average yield in all three observed districts, in the Šumadija district, the yield was lower 48% in 2000 and 52% in 2007, in the West Bačka District, a yield was lower 40% in 2000 and 20% in 2007, and in the Nišava District, the yield was lower 65% in 2000 and 49% in 2007. There are perennial variations of climatic factors, especially temperature and precipitation quantity, which affect the realization of the economic profitability of growing agricultural plant species. Losses in agriculture can be higher in conditions of an unstable climate. It is necessary to more precisely predict climate change and create new hybrids and varieties for cultivation that will be adaptable to changed climate conditions. Adaptations of plants to climatic conditions changes will contribute to greater economy of agricultural production, and the provision of food for the world's population.

scholarly journals The impact of onion cultivation at irrigation on the productivity of spring barley in the system of dry farming in the North-Western Pre-Caspian

2019 ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Natalya Ivanovna Matveeva ◽  
Yury Nikolaevich Petrov ◽  
Elena Vladimirovna Kalmykova ◽  
Olga Vladimirovna Kalmykova ◽  
Viktor Bisengalievich Narushev
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
The North ◽  
Dry Farming ◽  
The Impact ◽  
North Western

They are given technological schemes for the rational development of the agricultural lands of the periodic irrigation of the North-Western Pre-Caspian. Experimental studies were carried out to study the water and physical properties of periodically irrigated light chestnut soils in the system of dry farming in the North-Western Pre-Caspian. Observations, accounting and economic calculations were carried out in accordance with generally accepted methods. During all the years of research, barley yields on periodically irrigated plots, regardless of the meteorological conditions of the growing season, were higher than the corresponding indicators on rainfed plots by 1,5...3,0 times. The average yield of barley grain was 2.43 t / ha - after onion, 0.91 t / ha –after autumn ploughing. Crops after onions with drip irrigation were distinguished by high profitability - from 57.5 to 173.4% (on average – 129.5%), whereas, crops on dry-farming land were unprofitable from eight years in three because of the dry conditions of the vegetation period. The developed technology of periodic irrigation in conjunction with climatic factors and soil conditions of the North-Western Pre-Caspian, as well as the technical means of its implementation, makes it possible to significantly reduce the degradation processes of the irrigated soils of the region and reduce the cost of producing spring grain crops.

Vegetation in the Australian Tertiary in Response to Climatic and Phytogeographic Forcing Factors*

1993 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 533 ◽  
Author(s):  
EM Truswell
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation History ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Fire Regimes ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Memorial Lecture ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

Nancy Burbidge's 1960 paper on the phytogeography of the Australian region would make a fitting starting point for a review of the impact of the plant fossil record on understanding Australian vegetation history. However, a number of reviews were published in the late 1970s and early 1980s, so that the present overview takes its starting point from that time and considers the advances in research since then. In the interval since, information has accrued from both palynology and plant macrofossils, so that the fossil evidence must now be considered a primary source of data for interpreting the evolution of Australian vegetation. There have also been major advances in understanding the geological framework of the Tertiary, against which the fossil data must be set. For instance, the timescale against which advances must be measured has been refined, there have been comprehensive syntheses of Tertiary palaeogeography, and a better understanding of the relationships, through time, of Australia with continents to the north, and between Australia and Antarctica. Our understanding of the climatic factors affecting the continent and its vegetation has also improved. The record now available, in spite of its many limitations, gives a general picture of transition from widespread, very diverse rainforests in the early Tertiary, to predominantly open vegetation with rainforest restricted to wetter regions. Some aspects of the early forests remain insufficiently understood; for instance, the effects of high latitude position on forest growth. The development of sclerophylly may go back as far as the Eocene, with Banksia and Acacia now having records that extend back that far. The development of open vegetation types was probably linked with changing fire regimes; we know that by the mid-Miocene, heath-like vegetation was established locally in coal swamps. Rainforests of drier aspect were established early too, probably first at inland localities, and there are hints of wet sclerophyll forest by the late Miocene. The history of grasslands and savannah remains sketchy, and no modem analogues can be identified for vegetation types in the Pliocene that were rich in Asteraceae and grasses. The history of the eucalypts, and their links to specific fire regimes, is a more recent story.* The Nancy Burbridge Memorial Lecture, which was presented at the 'Southem Temperate Ecosystems' conference, held in Hobart, Tasmania, 18–22 January 1993.

Working conditions and occupational pathology of coal miners in the Arctic

2019 ◽  
pp. 452-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Gorbanev ◽  
S. A. Syurin ◽  
N. M. Frolova
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mining ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Occupational Diseases ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Coal Mines ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Coal Miners ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. Due to the impact of adverse working conditions and climate, workers in coal-mining enterprises in the Arctic are at increased risk of occupational diseases (OD).The aim of the study was to study the working conditions, causes, structure and prevalence of occupational diseases in miners of coal mines in the Arctic.Materials and methods. Th e data of social and hygienic monitoring “Working conditions and occupational morbidity” of the population of Vorkuta and Chukotka Autonomous District in 2007–2017 are studied.Results. It was established that in 2007–2017 years, 2,296 ODs were diagnosed for the first time in 1851 coal mines, mainly in the drifters, clearing face miners, repairmen and machinists of mining excavating machines. Most often, the ODs occurred when exposed to the severity of labor, fibrogenic aerosols and hand-arm vibration. The development of professional pathology in 98% of cases was due to design flaws of machines and mechanisms, as well as imperfections of workplaces and technological processes. Diseases of the musculoskeletal system (36.2%), respiratory organs (28.9%) and nervous system (22.5%) prevailed in the structure of professional pathology of miners of coal mines. Among the three most common nosological forms of OD were radiculopathy (32.1%), chronic bronchitis (27.7%) and mono-polyneuropathy (15.4%). In 2017, coal miners in the Arctic had a professional morbidity rate of 2.82 times higher than the national rates for coal mining.Conclusions. To preserve the health of miners of coal mining enterprises, technical measures to improve working conditions and medical interventions aimed at increasing the body’s resistance to the effects of harmful production and climatic factors are necessary.

Climate-forced changes of bio-productivity of Belorussian terrestrial ecosystems

2019 ◽  
pp. 77-88
Author(s):  
S. A. Lysenko
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Precipitation Amount ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Climatic Trend ◽  
Vegetation Growth ◽  
Current Century ◽  
The Impact

The spatial and temporal particularities of Normalized Differential Vegetation Index (NDVI) changes over territory of Belarus in the current century and their relationship with climate change were investigated. The rise of NDVI is observed at approximately 84% of the Belarus area. The statistically significant growth of NDVI has exhibited at nearly 35% of the studied area (t-test at 95% confidence interval), which are mainly forests and undeveloped areas. Croplands vegetation index is largely descending. The main factor of croplands bio-productivity interannual variability is precipitation amount in vegetation period. This factor determines more than 60% of the croplands NDVI dispersion. The long-term changes of NDVI could be explained by combination of two factors: photosynthesis intensifying action of carbon dioxide and vegetation growth suppressing action of air warming with almost unchanged precipitation amount. If the observed climatic trend continues the croplands bio-productivity in many Belarus regions could be decreased at more than 20% in comparison with 2000 year. The impact of climate change on the bio-productivity of undeveloped lands is only slightly noticed on the background of its growth in conditions of rising level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

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