scholarly journals RESEARCHES OF ODOUR EMITTED BY HOUSEHOLD WASTE / MAISTO ATLIEKŲ SKLEIDŽIAMŲ KVAPŲ TYRIMAI IR VERTINIMAS

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eglė Marčiulaitienė ◽  
Tadas Lukauskas
Keyword(s):  
Food Waste ◽  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Fish Waste ◽  
Ammonia Gas ◽  
Decomposition Of Organic Matter ◽  
Environment Temperature ◽  
Unpleasant Smell ◽  
Dynamic Olfactometry

The article deals with odour emitted by household waste, the chemical composition of household waste. The experiment was made with food waste (1000 g) placed in 5 litter containers. Food waste was containing products of animal origin (meat, fish, dairy products) and plant origin (vegetables, fruit) waste. Time of the experiment was 14 days 19±3 °C at environment temperature. Odour concentration is determined by dynamic olfactometry method. Studies have shown that the strongest odour of all household waste used in this experiment was emitted by meat and fish waste (76 444 OUE/m3). Meat and fish waste emits the strongest odour as waste contains proteins, their decomposition releases into the environment a strong unpleasant odour, hydrogen sulphide and ammonia. Protein degradation releases into the environment are, characterized by a strong unpleasant smell of hydrogen sulphide and ammonia gas. During the anaerobic decomposition of organic matter a variety of other fragrant compounds: alcohols (e.g., ethanol and methanol), vinegar, formic acid, etc. is found. Straipsnyje nagrinėjami eksperimentiniai tyrimai, susiję su kvapų išsiskyrimu iš biologiškai skaidžių maisto (virtuvės) atliekų. Eksperimentas atliekamas maisto atliekas (po 1000 g) sudėjus į 5 litrų talpas. Maisto atliekas sudaro gyvūninės (mėsa, žuvis, pieno produktai) ir augalinės (daržovės, vaisiai) kilmės atliekos. Eksperimentas vyko 14 parų 19±3 °C aplinkos temperatūroje. Kvapo koncentracija nustatoma dinaminės olfaktometrijos metodu. Tyrimais nustatytos stipriausią kvapą skleidžiančios virtuvės atliekos: mėsos ir žuvies atliekos (76444 OUE/m3). Mėsos ir žuvies atliekos skleidžia stipriausią kvapą, nes šių atliekų sudėtyje yra daug baltymų. Skylant baltymams į aplinką išsiskiria stipriu nemaloniu kvapu pasižyminčios sieros vandenilio ir amoniako dujos. Vykstant anaerobiniam organinių medžiagų skaidymui, taip pat susidaro daug kitų kvapnių junginių: alkoholiai (pvz., etanolis ir metanolis), actas, skruzdžių rūgštis ir kt.

Interlaboratory comparison of dynamic olfactometry in Central Europe 2000

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Mannebeck ◽  
H. Mannebeck
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Interlaboratory Comparison ◽  
European Standard ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Repeatability And Reproducibility ◽  
Odour Concentration ◽  
Standard Deviations ◽  
Dynamic Olfactometry

This paper presents the results of an interlaboratory comparison (ringtest) on olfactometry with 31 participants from four countries in Central Europe. The aim was to give evidence of the performance of dynamic olfactometry on the basis of the European Standard prEN 13725 (Draft) “Determination of odour concentration with dynamic olfactometry”. The test included the analysis of three individual substances (n-butanol, hydrogen sulphide, tetrahydrothiophen) as well as a natural odour mixture (coffee flavour) to compare mean values and the standard deviations of results for the investigated samples. It was confirmed that laboratories working in compliance with the requirements of the new standard achieve a significantly better repeatability and reproducibility than those that are not compliant.

scholarly journals Production and Optimization of Hermetia illucens (L.) Larvae Reared on Food Waste and Utilized as Feed Ingredient

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 9864
Author(s):  
Anton Gligorescu ◽  
Christian Holst Fischer ◽  
Peter Foged Larsen ◽  
Jan Værum Nørgaard ◽  
Lars-Henrik Lau Heckman
Keyword(s):  
Food Waste ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Feeding Strategy ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feed Ingredient ◽  
Hermetia Illucens ◽  
Waste Management Practices ◽  
Feed Conversion Rate

The feed sector requires new sustainable sources of protein, and at the same time better waste management practices are required to decrease and upcycle post-consumers’ food waste (catering and organic household waste), which is currently used for energy production or discharged as waste. The production of Hermetia illucens larvae (L.) (BSFL) was conducted in 15 batches at pilot scale. Furthermore, a feeding strategy experiment was conducted to optimize feedings and decrease handling, followed by a digestibility study for assessing the applicability of BSFL as a feed ingredient. About 190 kg of food waste was used to produce 79 kg of BSFL. The bioconversion of food waste into BSFL was found to be highly efficient, with feed conversion rate (FCR) values ranging between 1.7 and 3.6, when assessed on dry matter. The feeding experiment showed similar BSFL and insect frass production as well as similar FCR, revealing that a decrease in handling can be obtained if two feeding episodes are used. The digestibility of protein and fat was high at 86.2 and 90.4% and revealed that BSFL meal can be successfully used as a protein and fat source in feed for carnivore animals outside the food chain (e.g., pet food).

scholarly journals Diversity and synanthropy of flies (Diptera: Calyptratae) from Ecuador, with new records for the country

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 15784-15793
Author(s):  
Karen Blacio ◽  
Jonathan Liria ◽  
Ana Soto-Vivas
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
New Records ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Montane Forest ◽  
Lucilia Cuprina ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Decomposition Of Organic Matter ◽  
Rural Zone ◽  
Diverse Groups

The Calyptratae are one of the most diverse groups of Diptera.   Some species have immature states involved in the decomposition of organic matter of animal origin (i.e., they are sarcosaprophagous).  In this study, we examined the diversity and synanthropy of sarcosaprophagous calyptrates in several environmental zones of the Ecuadorian Andes.  Captures were performed in an urban zone located in the Tocachi community with monocultures (MC) and polycultures (PC), a rural zone with an agroecological farming system (AFS), and a forest zone with a montane forest located in the Parque Arqueológico Cochasquí (PAC) and the Cochasquí montane forest (CMF).  A total of 2,925 specimens of Calyptratae were collected, representing 38 morphotypes and 17 species.  Four are new reports for Ecuador: Dolichophaonia trigona (Shannon & Del Ponte), Phaonia trispila (Bigot), Compsomyiops melloi Dear, and Calliphora lopesi Mello.  CMF and PAC presented high abundance and richness, followed by AFS, MC, and PC; PAC showed the highest diversity, in contrast to lowest in MC; the evenness decreased from forest to urban zones.  Species that exhibited a preference for human settlements (positive synanthropic index) included Limnophora marginata Stein, Phaonia trispila, Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann), Calliphora lopesi, Compsomyiops melloi, and Calliphora nigribasis Macquart.  Those with a preference for uninhabited areas (negative index) included Tricharaea sp1, Sarconesiopsis magellanica (Le Guillou), and Sarconesia chlorogaster (Wiedemann). 

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 on food waste behaviour of families: Results from household waste composition audits

2021 ◽  
pp. 101188
Author(s):  
Amar Laila ◽  
Mike von Massow ◽  
Maggie Bain ◽  
Kate Parizeau ◽  
Jess Haines
Keyword(s):  
Food Waste ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Waste Composition

scholarly journals Integrated reverse supply chain model for food waste based on industry 4.0 revolutions

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 70-83
Author(s):  
Sharareh Mohajeri ◽  
Fatemeh Harsej ◽  
Mahboubeh Sadeghpour ◽  
Jahanfar Khaleghi Nia
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
Reverse Supply Chain ◽  
Whale Optimization ◽  
Multi Phase

The present research offeres a model to the advantage of operations for the food reverse supply chain by perfor-mancing Industry 4.0 Revolutions model of expanding a fuzzy multi-phase model for the food waste gathering reverse supply chain. This study introduces, a household waste recycling machine, which symbolizes the Industry 4.0 Revolutions. Also, electric-type vehicles have been considered for collection and delivery in accordance with the Industry 4.0 Revolutions. The rate of technology has been described in recycling stations. Several methods with different technologies to recycle food waste have been selected and assessed based on the Industry 4.0 Revolutions indicators. The food wastes are sent to recycling stations, that is places maintained, operated or used to store, buy or sell wastes before they recycled with appropriate technology. The understudy model is multi-objective, maximizing the benefit of recycling and customer response and minimizing the adverse effects of environmental pollution and transportation costs. In this research, the whale optimization algorithm is applied. The present work proposes an end-to-end solution for Reverse Supply Chain Management for food waste based on the Industry 4.0 Revolutions.

scholarly journals Modern utilisation of organic waste

2019 ◽  
pp. 221-227
Author(s):  
Dr. Violeta Jvinskiene
Keyword(s):  
Food Waste ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Private Company ◽  
Main Method ◽  
Agriculture Industry ◽  
Alternative Product ◽  
Managing Strategy ◽  
City District

A lot of waste from agriculture, industry, household and food waste is accumulated every year in Lithuania. Waste is polluting environment very intensively. From sanitarian point of view there can appear dangerous sources for people and other biological objects. The main method for utilisation of waste still remains landfilling. So as a huge problem appears operation of landfills, cumulation of leachate and biogas. The last years Vilnius city municipality directly changed the waste managing strategy. As it was estimated, food waste forms about 46,6 -56,6 % from total household waste amount. It was decided to turn this source from landfill to composting facilities, organise separate food waste collection from companies and habitants. The system was iniciated in 1997, but it develops very slowly. A private company "Chitinas" has started its work independently in neighbouring Vilnius city district. Two main unordinal methods were used for destruction of organic waste, both very usual in nature, but still rarely used in practice by farmers. Such methods are called in Lithuania "nontraditional farming". We estimate these methods as modem and perspective for organic waste destruction in big cities. With their help we can get ecologically safe, good natural fertilizers, without seeds and infections, having less nitrates and fosphates. Besides, we get an alternative product - material called "chitin", which could be chemically purified and has a perfect future in chemistry and medicine.

scholarly journals Obtaining and Use of Compost from the Organic Component of Household Waste

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-96
Author(s):  
Zosya Masliukova ◽  
Hennadiy Chetveryk ◽  
Anthony Neokleous ◽  
Finn Otto
Keyword(s):  
Food Waste ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Organic Component ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Garden Waste

The relevance of the study is conditioned by the need to develop and implement technological solutions for processing food and garden waste into compost. The purpose of this study is to investigate the methods of obtaining compost from the organic component of household waste and analyse composts for compliance with the requirements for their use as fertilisers. Theoretical research on the issues of the application of an organic component of a firm household waste as a raw material for compost production is carried out. According to statistical information on the accumulation of household waste in Ukraine, the amount of food and garden waste in the regions of Ukraine has been calculated. Modern methods of industrial processing of food and garden waste into compost are analysed, and the most effective technology from the standpoint of ecology and energy saving is determined. Data on the influence of composted digestate on crop yields are given. Composts were analysed for compliance with the requirements for their use as fertilisers The data show that the difference between the content of heavy metals in the composted digestate and compost from food waste is not significant and both composts meet the German quality requirements of compost. Data on the influence of composted digestate from food waste on the growth of winter grain yields are given. It has been found that the use of composts can supplement conventional mineral fertilisers in crop cultivation. The practical significance of the study is to determine the prospects of obtaining fertiliser from the organic component of solid waste and to determine its effectiveness when applied to the soil

Key parameters for behaviour related to source separation of household organic waste: A case study in Hanoi, Vietnam

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 246-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kosuke Kawai ◽  
Luong Thi Mai Huong
Keyword(s):  
Food Waste ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Discharge Rate ◽  
Source Separation ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
City Government ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Local Officials ◽  
Inorganic Waste

Proper management of food waste, a major component of municipal solid waste (MSW), is needed, especially in developing Asian countries where most MSW is disposed of in landfill sites without any pretreatment. Source separation can contribute to solving problems derived from the disposal of food waste. An organic waste source separation and collection programme has been operated in model areas in Hanoi, Vietnam, since 2007. This study proposed three key parameters (participation rate, proper separation rate and proper discharge rate) for behaviour related to source separation of household organic waste, and monitored the progress of the programme based on the physical composition of household waste sampled from 558 households in model programme areas of Hanoi. The results showed that 13.8% of 558 households separated organic waste, and 33.0% discharged mixed (unseparated) waste improperly. About 41.5% (by weight) of the waste collected as organic waste was contaminated by inorganic waste, and one-third of the waste disposed of as organic waste by separators was inorganic waste. We proposed six hypothetical future household behaviour scenarios to help local officials identify a final or midterm goal for the programme. We also suggested that the city government take further actions to increase the number of people participating in separating organic waste, improve the accuracy of separation and prevent non-separators from discharging mixed waste improperly.

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