scholarly journals Obtaining and Use of Compost from the Organic Component of Household Waste

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-96
Author(s):  
Zosya Masliukova ◽  
Hennadiy Chetveryk ◽  
Anthony Neokleous ◽  
Finn Otto
Keyword(s):  
Food Waste ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Organic Component ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Garden Waste

The relevance of the study is conditioned by the need to develop and implement technological solutions for processing food and garden waste into compost. The purpose of this study is to investigate the methods of obtaining compost from the organic component of household waste and analyse composts for compliance with the requirements for their use as fertilisers. Theoretical research on the issues of the application of an organic component of a firm household waste as a raw material for compost production is carried out. According to statistical information on the accumulation of household waste in Ukraine, the amount of food and garden waste in the regions of Ukraine has been calculated. Modern methods of industrial processing of food and garden waste into compost are analysed, and the most effective technology from the standpoint of ecology and energy saving is determined. Data on the influence of composted digestate on crop yields are given. Composts were analysed for compliance with the requirements for their use as fertilisers The data show that the difference between the content of heavy metals in the composted digestate and compost from food waste is not significant and both composts meet the German quality requirements of compost. Data on the influence of composted digestate from food waste on the growth of winter grain yields are given. It has been found that the use of composts can supplement conventional mineral fertilisers in crop cultivation. The practical significance of the study is to determine the prospects of obtaining fertiliser from the organic component of solid waste and to determine its effectiveness when applied to the soil

scholarly journals PREPARING SOLUTIONS BASED ON INDUSTRIAL WASTE FOR FRACTURED SURFACE STRENGTHENING

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (443) ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
Aitkazinova Sh.A., ◽  
◽  
Bek А.А., ◽  
Derbisov K.T., ◽  
Donenbayeva N.S., ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fractured Rocks ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Technogenic Raw Materials

Results of longstanding researches of Satbayev University scientists on the development of modified building materials to strengthen cracked mountain structures based on industrial waste are considered. Industrial processing of technogenic raw materials (enrichment and processing waste, overburden and enclosing rocks), which is similar in composition to natural and used in conventional trend, scarcely different from industrial processing of mineral raw materials. Creation of effective technologies for the processing of technogenic raw materials is an urgent task, which make it possible to obtain competitive products from it for various industries. Various methods of preparing solutions for strengthening of fractured rocks and building structures are analyzed. Research results of tailings of the Balkhash Mining and Metallurgical Combine and preparing solutions for strengthening fractured rocks and underground mining structures are presented. Rock mass strengthening in cracked areas is achieved by adding substances into the cracks, which after hardening and solidification with rocks, increase its shearing resistance characteristics. The most widespread hardening methods were cementation during mine workings (underground structures) in fractured rocks. Significance of obtained results for construction industry is in expansion and reproduction of raw material base of building materials industry through the use of Mining and metallurgical complex waste (tailings) and development of resource-saving technologies. Practical significance of work is in the detailed development of modified method for the production of building materials and products.

UNIDO, Industrial Processing of Natural Resources. New York: United Nations. 1981. viii + 78pp.US $ 5.00. [United Nations Publication Sales No. E. 81. 11 . B.1]

1982 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-333
Author(s):  
Rashid Aziz
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Manufactured Exports ◽  
Year 2000

The book under review is a concise but fairly in-depth study of the prospects for export diversification from the Less Developed Countries (henceforth labeled as LDCs) particularly to Developed Countries (henceforth labeled as OCs). Given the multiple problems faced by the LOCs in exporting to the OCs - protectionist policies with regards to manufactured exports, volatility of prices obtained for raw material exports, etc. - the study analyses the potential for following an intermediate route. The important issues in the export of semi -processed and wholly processed raw materials are discussed. 111ese issues range from the problems and potentials for the location of processing facilities in the LOCs to the formulation of appropriate policies to encourage an export of processed goods rather than raw materials. Such policies will be useful both in solving the balance of-payments problems of the LDCs and in attaining the goal of the Lima Declaration and Plan of Action on Industrial Development and Co-operation, that called for 2S percent of world industrial production to be located in the LOCs by the year 2000.

SELISIH BIAYA PRODUKSI SEBAGAI ALAT PENGENDALIAN MANAJEMEN PT INDO PUSAKA BERAU

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
pp. 397
Author(s):  
SAFITRI NURHIDAYATI ◽  
RIZKI AMELYA SYAM
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Analytical Tool ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Material Costs ◽  
Library Research ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Cost

This study aims to analyze whether the difference that occurs in the cost of raw materials, direct labor, and factory overhead costs between the standard costs and the actual costs in PLTU LATI is a difference that is favorable or unfavorable. Data collection techniques with field research and library research. The analytical tool used is the analysis of the difference in raw material costs, the difference in direct labor costs and the difference in factory overhead costs. The hypothesis in this study is that the difference allegedly occurs in the cost of raw materials, direct labor costs, and factory overhead costs at PT Indo Pusaka Berau Tanjung Redeb is a favorable difference. The results showed that the difference in the cost of producing MWh electricity at PT Indo Pusaka Berau Tanjung Redeb in 2018, namely the difference in the price of raw material costs Rp. 548,029.80, - is favorable, the difference in quantity of raw materials is Rp. 957,216,602, - is (favorable) , the difference in direct labor costs Rp 2,602,642,084, - is (unfavorable), and the difference in factory overhead costs Rp 8,807,051,422, - is (favorable) This shows that the difference in the overall production cost budget is favorable or profitable. This beneficial difference shows that the company is really able to reduce production costs optimally in 2018.  

Near Surface Research and Excitation Horizon Prediction Based on Old River Course of Xiaoqing River in Shan Dong

2013 ◽  
Vol 664 ◽  
pp. 94-98
Author(s):  
Guang De Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Data ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Cone Penetration ◽  
Surface Deposition ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Sedimentary Characteristics ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Exploration Area ◽  
Data Requirements ◽  
Static Cone Penetration Test

Following deepened exploration and development in Shengli exploration area, seismic data requirements are also getting higher and higher. However, in recent years the difference of Xiaoqing river on both sides have made us know that the importance of this problem. In view of the above, this task is aimed at quaternary shallow of old river course within Xiaoqing River. Our analysis of lithology and sedimentary characteristics are using static cone penetration test and rock core exploration method, and we want to reappear near surface deposition of old river course within Xiaoqing River. The research is close combined with the exploration demand and theoretical study, so it has important theoretical and practical significance.

scholarly journals Transformation of Sulfur during Co-Hydrothermal Carbonization of Coal Waste and Food Waste

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2271
Author(s):  
Pretom Saha ◽  
Nepu Saha ◽  
Shanta Mazumder ◽  
M. Toufiq Reza
Keyword(s):  
Food Waste ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Organic Sulfur ◽  
Coal Waste ◽  
Total Sulfur ◽  
Transformation Mechanism ◽  
Wet Chemical ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Sulfur Transformation

Co-hydrothermal carbonization (Co-HTC) is an emerging technology for processing multiple waste streams together to improve their fuel properties in the solid product, known as hydrochar, compared to the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of those individual streams. Sulfur is considered one of the most toxic contaminants in solid fuel and the combustion of this sulfur results in the emission of SOx. It was reported in the literature that, besides the fuel properties, Co-HTC reduced the total sulfur content in the hydrochar phase significantly. However, the transformation of different forms of sulfur has not yet been studied. Therefore, this study investigated the transformation of different forms of sulfur under the Co-HTC treatment. In the study, the Co-HTC of food waste (FW) and two types of coal wastes (middle bottom (CW1) and 4 top (CW2)) were conducted at 180 °C, 230 °C and 280 °C for 30 min. Different forms of sulfur were measured by using elemental analysis (total sulfur), and a wet chemical method (sulfate sulfur and pyritic sulfur). The organic sulfur was measured by the difference method. The results showed that a maximum of 49% and 65% decrease in total sulfur was achieved for CW1FW and CW2FW, respectively, at 230 °C. Similar to the total sulfur, the organic sulfur was also decreased about 85% and 75% for CW1FW and CW2FW, respectively. Based on these results, a sulfur transformation mechanism under Co-HTC treatment was proposed.

scholarly journals Global metabolomic and lipidomic analysis reveals the potential mechanisms of hemolysis effect of Ophiopogonin D and Ophiopogonin D' in vivo

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan-Hua Xu ◽  
Zhen-Hong Jiang ◽  
Cong-Shu Huang ◽  
Yu-Ting Sun ◽  
Long-Long Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Active Components ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Background OPD and OPD' are the two main active components of Ophiopogon japonicas in Shenmai injection (SMI). Being isomers of each other, they are supposed to have similar pharmacological activities, but the actual situation is complicated. The difference of hemolytic behavior between OPD and OPD' in vivo and in vitro was discovered and reported by our group for the first time. In vitro, only OPD' showed hemolysis reaction, while in vivo, both OPD and OPD' caused hemolysis. In vitro, the primary cause of hemolysis has been confirmed to be related to the difference between physical and chemical properties of OPD and OPD'. In vivo, although there is a possible explanation for this phenomenon, the one is that OPD is bio-transformed into OPD' or its analogues in vivo, the other one is that both OPD and OPD' were metabolized into more activated forms for hemolysis. However, the mechanism of hemolysis in vivo is still unclear, especially the existing literature are still difficult to explain why OPD shows the inconsistent hemolysis behavior in vivo and in vitro. Therefore, the study of hemolysis of OPD and OPD' in vivo is of great practical significance in response to the increase of adverse events of SMI. Methods Aiming at the hemolysis in vivo, this manuscript adopted untargeted metabolomics and lipidomics technology to preliminarily explore the changes of plasma metabolites and lipids of OPD- and OPD'-treated rats. Metabolomics and lipidomics analyses were performed on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) system tandem with different mass spectrometers (MS) and different columns respectively. Multivariate statistical approaches such as principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were applied to screen the differential metabolites and lipids. Results Both OPD and OPD' groups experienced hemolysis, Changes in endogenous differential metabolites and differential lipids, enrichment of differential metabolic pathways, and correlation analysis of differential metabolites and lipids all indicated that the causes of hemolysis by OPD and OPD' were closely related to the interference of phospholipid metabolism. Conclusions This study provided a comprehensive description of metabolomics and lipidomics changes between OPD- and OPD'-treated rats, it would add to the knowledge base of the field, which also provided scientific guidance for the subsequent mechanism research. However, the underlying mechanism require further research.

INVESTIGATION OF THE ABSOLUTENESS OF TIME

2021 ◽  
pp. 51-54
Author(s):  
S. Tiguntsev
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
Gravitational Potential ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Relativistic Effect ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Clock Frequency ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Flow Of Time ◽  
The Difference

In classical physics, time is considered absolute. It is believed that all processes, regardless of their complexity, do not affect the flow of time The theory of relativity determines that the flow of time for bodies depends both on the speed of movement of bodies and on the magnitude of the gravitational potential. It is believed that time in space orbit passes slower due to the high speed of the spacecraft, and faster due to the lower gravitational potential than on the surface of the Earth. Currently, the dependence of time on the magnitude of the gravitational potential and velocity (relativistic effect) is taken into account in global positioning systems. However, studying the relativistic effect, scientists have made a wrong interpretation of the difference between the clock frequency of an orbiting satellite and the clock frequency on the Earth's surface. All further studies to explain the relativistic effect were carried out according to a similar scenario, that is, only the difference in clock frequencies under conditions of different gravitational potentials was investigated. While conducting theoretical research, I found that the frequency of the signal changes along the way from the satellite to the receiver due to the influence of Earth's gravity. It was found that the readings of two high-precision clocks located at different heights will not differ after any period of time, that is, it is shown that the flow of time does not depend on the gravitational potential. It is proposed to conduct full-scale experiments, during which some high-precision clocks are sent aboard the space station, while others remain in the laboratory on the surface of the earth. It is expected that the readings of the satellite clock will be absolutely identical to the readings of the clock in the Earth laboratory.

Effect of Physico-chemical Characteristics of Raw Muscles from Three Iberian × Duroc Genotypes on Dry-cured Meat Products Quality

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 485-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.R. Ramirez ◽  
R. Cava
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Quality ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Reciprocal Crosses ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Cured Meat ◽  
The Difference

The effect of raw material characteristics (longissimus dorsi and biceps femoris) on dry-cured loin and ham quality from three different Iberian · Duroc genotypes was studied: GEN1: ♂ Iberian · ♀ Duroc1, GEN2: ♂ Duroc1 · ♀ Iberian; GEN3: ♂ Duroc2 · ♀ Iberian. GEN1 and GEN2 are reciprocal crosses, while the difference between GEN2 and GEN3 is the Duroc sire line. The line Duroc1 (DU1) was selected for the manufacture of dry-cured meat products, whereas the line Duroc2 (DU2) was selected for meat production with low carcass fat. Raw material and dry-cured meat products did not differ between reciprocal crosses (GEN1 vs. GEN2). However, the genotype of the Duroc sire line affected the quality of meat and dry-cured meat products. GEN1 and GEN2 had higher adipogenic nature and higher postmortem pH than GEN3, and as a result, these dry-cured meat products had better instrumental and sensory quality than those from GEN3. By contrast, meat from GEN3 had lower pH, fat content, and oxidative stability which decreased the quality of dry-cured meat products. Therefore, there was a close connection between raw material and dry-cured meat products quality as it was affected by characteristics related to the genotype such as the adipogenic character and meat quality traits associated with pH.

scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH FLY ASH DARI PEMBAKARAN BATUBARA PADA PEMBUATAN SEMEN PCC (PORTLAND COMPOSITE CEMENT) DI PT SEMEN XYZ LAMPUNG

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwi Septiyana Sari ◽  
◽  
Susanti Sundari
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Technical Aspect ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Physical Test ◽  
Composite Cement ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Cost

Abstract This study discusses the use of fly ash waste from coal burning on the manufacture of PCC (Portland composite cement) at PT. XYZ Lampung. The purpose of this research is to look at the technical studies and the efficiency of raw materials in the use of fly ash in cement making, in this case PCC cement (Portland Composite Cement). The steps taken in analyzing the data in this study were viewed from a technical aspect by means of a physical test, namely the cement compressive strength test at the age of 3 days, 7 days, and 28 days using the Compression Testing Machine. This test was conducted to see the comparison of the compressive strength of PCC cement using limestone and fly ash as raw materials, then calculate the difference in raw material costs in the year before and after the replacement of limestone with fly ash. The results showed that cement with the addition of fly ash after 3 days, 7 days and 28 days had an increased compressive strength value, which increased 21.69%, 16.07% and 8.05% respectively of the compressive strength of cement using limestone. The use of fly ash as a substitute for limestone has an effect on the cost of raw materials, where the difference between the cost of raw materials in 2019 and the cost of raw materials in 2018 is Rp. 39,440,952,074.

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