scholarly journals FRBs Lensed by Point Masses. II. The Multipeaked FRBs from the Point View of Microlensing

2021 ◽  
Vol 923 (1) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Xuechun Chen ◽  
Yiping Shu ◽  
Guoliang Li ◽  
Wenwen Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Light Curve ◽  
Time Delays ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Stellar Mass ◽  
Relative Time ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Distant Galaxies ◽  
Total Magnification ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Near Future

Abstract The microlensing effect has developed into a powerful technique for a diverse range of applications including exoplanet discoveries, structure of the Milky Way, constraints on MAssive Compact Halo Objects, and measurements of the size and profile of quasar accretion disks. In this paper, we consider a special type of microlensing events where the sources are fast radio bursts (FRBs) with ∼milliseconds (ms) durations for which the relative motion between the lens and source is negligible. In this scenario, it is possible to temporally resolve the individual microimages. As a result, a method beyond the inverse ray shooting method, which only evaluates the total magnification of all microimages, is needed. We therefore implement an algorithm for identifying individual microimages and computing their magnifications and relative time delays. We validate our algorithm by comparing to analytical predictions for a single microlens case and find excellent agreement. We show that the superposition of pulses from individual microimages produces a light curve that appears as multipeaked FRBs. The relative time delays between pulses can reach 0.1–1 ms for stellar-mass lenses and hence can already be resolved temporally by current facilities. Although not yet discovered, microlensing of FRBs will become regular events and surpass the number of quasar microlensing events in the near future when 104−5 FRBs are expected to be discovered on a daily basis. Our algorithm provides a way of generating the microlensing light curve that can be used for constraining stellar-mass distribution in distant galaxies.

Bachelorhood and Sexuality in a Context of Female Shortage: Evidence from a Survey in Rural Anhui, China

2013 ◽  
Vol 215 ◽  
pp. 703-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Attané ◽  
Zhang Qunlin ◽  
Li Shuzhuo ◽  
Yang Xueyan ◽  
Christophe Z. Guilmoto
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Family Formation ◽  
Rural Society ◽  
General Situation ◽  
Rural County ◽  
Chinese Men ◽  
Married Men ◽  
Exploratory Survey ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Near Future

AbstractTraditionally, marriage is a near universality in China. However, in the coming decades, owing to the growing sex imbalance, millions of men will be unable to marry. As a consequence, bachelorhood is becoming a new demographic concern, particularly affecting men from the most disadvantaged socio-economic groups. In China's cultural context today, heterosexual marriage remains a prerequisite for family formation and, in rural society particularly, the legitimate setting for sexual activity. Under such circumstances, bachelorhood is likely to produce privations on various fronts, the consequences of which for both the individual and the community are still largely unknown. This article focuses on the opinions and sexual behaviour of bachelors, and highlights significant variations from those of married men. It is based on the findings of an exploratory survey conducted in 2008 in selected villages in a rural county in Anhui province, referred to here as JC county. The survey provides insights into the more general situation of rural men unable to marry in a context of female shortage, and indicates the conditions a growing number of Chinese men will face in the near future.

scholarly journals Comparisons between SCIAMACHY and ground-based FTIR data for total columns of CO, CH<sub>4</sub>, CO<sub>2</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 1953-1976 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Dils ◽  
M. De Mazière ◽  
J. F. Müller ◽  
T. Blumenstock ◽  
M. Buchwitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Polynomial Interpolation ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Order Polynomial ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Total Column

Abstract. Total column amounts of CO, CH4, CO2 and N2O retrieved from SCIAMACHY nadir observations in its near-infrared channels have been compared to data from a ground-based quasi-global network of Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. The SCIAMACHY data considered here have been produced by three different retrieval algorithms, WFM-DOAS (version 0.5 for CO and CH4 and version 0.4 for CO2 and N2O), IMAP-DOAS (version 1.1 and 0.9 (for CO)) and IMLM (version 6.3) and cover the January to December 2003 time period. Comparisons have been made for individual data, as well as for monthly averages. To maximize the number of reliable coincidences that satisfy the temporal and spatial collocation criteria, the SCIAMACHY data have been compared with a temporal 3rd order polynomial interpolation of the ground-based data. Particular attention has been given to the question whether SCIAMACHY observes correctly the seasonal and latitudinal variability of the target species. The present results indicate that the individual SCIAMACHY data obtained with the actual versions of the algorithms have been significantly improved, but that the quality requirements, for estimating emissions on regional scales, are not yet met. Nevertheless, possible directions for further algorithm upgrades have been identified which should result in more reliable data products in a near future.

scholarly journals Lack of association in acne and salivary testosterone

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
David Fresnais ◽  
Edvin Ingberg ◽  
Elvar Theodorsson ◽  
Jakob O Ström
Keyword(s):  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Weak Correlation ◽  
Salivary Testosterone ◽  
Weak Association ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Actual Relation ◽  
Facial Acne ◽  
Monotonic Relation

The pathogenesis of acne vulgaris has only been partially elucidated. Various hormones, especially androgens, are likely to play a role, but results of studies are still inconclusive. The objective of the current study was to investigate whether day to day variation in salivary testosterone correlates with acne in males. Saliva samples were collected for 120 consecutive days from each of the 40 males. Salivary testosterone concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Facial acne lesions were assessed on a daily basis by photography by the participating males. Potential confounders’ (sexual intercourse, masturbation, physical exercise and disease) were also registered every day by the participants. A significant but weak association between salivary testosterone and acne was found (n = 4602, r = 0.031, P = 0.034). Elevated testosterone concentrations were associated with an increase in acne, but when testosterone concentrations were above twice the individual average, acne lesions paradoxically decreased. The current results indicate that daily fluctuations in salivary testosterone levels in males are associated with acne patterns, but the weak correlation suggests that the effect is too small to be of clinical significance. The analysis in the current study was complicated by a large number of days on which the participants had no acne, as well as the seemingly non-monotonic relation between testosterone and acne. This may indicate that the actual relation is stronger than concluded here.

scholarly journals Face to face with the suicidal

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 188-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gethin Morgan ◽  
Carole Buckley ◽  
Mike Nowers
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Assessment ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Clinical Intervention ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Near Future

The clinical assessment and management of suicide risk depends primarily on face to face contact with the individual who presents the risk, and aims to predict behaviour in the very near future. Whether or not clinical intervention prevents suicide depends a great deal on the clinician's skill in reaching out to the individual patient. This poses a dilemma, because much of what has been written about predicting suicide has been based on averaged data concerning long-term outcome in large cohorts of patients.

scholarly journals El reto de la prevención del blanqueo de capitales en un mundo globalizado

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Antonio Mateos Martín
Keyword(s):  
Money Laundering ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Collateral Damage ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Macroeconomic Impact ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Drug Traffic ◽  
Global World ◽  
Medios De Comunicacion

El blanqueo de capitales es uno de los fenómenos de mayor impacto social del mundo contemporáneo. Esta repercusión social es debida, en parte, al ruido mediático del que se hacen eco diariamente los medios de comunicación mundial y a la repercusión económica que tiene este fenómeno en las economías mundiales, minando el amplio abanico que va desde las cuentas de un Estado, hasta la moral individual de las personas, o lo que es lo mismo, afectando tanto a aspectos macroeconómicos como a los microeconómicos. Desde que en los años 80, y unido al tráfico de estupefacientes comenzó a considerarse un problema para los Estados, el blanqueo de capitales ha sido tratado de diversas formas. En un principio se le consideró como un daño colateral, sin dotarle de la capacidad destructiva que verdaderamente tiene, siendo en los últimos veinte años cuando se le ha considerado como una verdadera amenaza para el orden económico establecido. A partir de ese momento un enjambre de leyes, resoluciones, órdenes, instrucciones, etc, emanan de los poderes legislativos de los Estados, que viéndose superados, en muchas ocasiones por sus fronteras físicas y por las facilidades de la globalización, intentan acordar la mejor manera de combatir, con una sola voz, este fenómeno delictivo.The impact of money laundering in the contemporary world is impressive. In part, media attention has contributed to this impact since world media informs on a daily basis of money laundering cases; at the same time, its economic impact plays a role in the relevance citizens put in this phenomenon. It affects the State accounts as well as the individual well-being of particular subjetcs, not to mention its macroeconomic impact. Money laundering has been treated, together with drug traffic, since the early eighties as a problem for the individual State. At first it was considered a collateral damage, without realizing the really destructive capacity it holds. In the last twenty years its dangers have been realized and a constellation of laws, resolutions, instructions, etc, have been produced by the States. But Status are oftenly unable to fight a phenomenon that trascends fisical borders in a global world.

Biometric methods and their application in the Police investigation work

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-52
Author(s):  
Edyta Kot ◽  
◽  
Anna Jurga ◽  
Ewa Kartasińska ◽  
Ewa Lewansowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Biometric Data ◽  
Technical Aspects ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
The Past ◽  
Police Investigation ◽  
Practical Guidance ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Data Collection Procedure

Biometrics is one of the basic detection techniques used in law enforcement activities on a daily basis. Like other techniques, it is constantly changing. This article aims to provide an overview of what was in the past, what is now, and what will be in the near future. It presents the selected methods of collecting some of the data, as well as the systems used to process them. In addition, practical guidance is provided on how individual biometric data should be collected and, for specific cases, it explains why the data collection procedure is carried out in one way and not another, and what it means for its subsequent processing. As problems sometimes arise during recovery of the material they have been presented together with an overview of the reasons for that. In addition to information on the technical aspects, the article also includes references to legal acts regulating issues related to biometrics.

Teleseismic response of a uniform dipping crust (part I of a series on crustal equalization of seismic arrays)

1966 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 841-859
Author(s):  
Julius Kane
Keyword(s):  
Time Delays ◽  
The Other ◽  
Local Geometry ◽  
Signal Distortion ◽  
Seismic Arrays ◽  
Plane Parallel ◽  
Crustal Structures ◽  
Parallel Configuration ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Elastic Layers

abstract Most seismic theory is confined to a consideration of crustal structures that can be abstracted as plane parallel elastic layers. For such configurations, the response of each element of a seismic array will be similar to any other except for a time delay. Signal enhancement of an array located on such an idealized structure can be accomplished by suitable time delays of the individual traces followed by superposition. On the other hand, if the crustal structure is anything but a plane parallel configuration, the signals received by the individual elements will not be identical to one another, but will include distortion effects characteristic of the local geometry. As a result, the records of seismic arrays located on realistic crustal configurations will have to be equalized to some standard reference if optimum signal processing is to be achieved. In this paper we introduce a ray procedure for the calculation of theoretical seismograms for the teleseismic response of an array of stations located above a uniform dipping crust (wedge-shaped). In terms of this mathematical model, we demonstrate the signal distortion effects of the geometry and discuss equalization techniques that will permit a superior recovery of the desired signal.

Prosthodontics

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Longridge ◽  
Pete Clarke ◽  
Raheel Aftab ◽  
Tariq Ali
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Planning ◽  
Clinical Skills ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Digital Dentistry ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Reading Key ◽  
The Individual

Prosthodontics comprises most of the routine restorative treatments that practitioners perform on a daily basis. Much restorative work re¬sults from the impact of caries and periodontal disease. However, the prevalence of toothwear is dramatically increasing and can be expected to form a more prominent feature of the modern practitioner’s work¬load. There is a considerable theory base in prosthodontics, covering all aspects of fixed and removable treatments, both conventional and contemporary. Although the individual management of teeth can be tricky, a challenge many new practitioners struggle with is treatment planning on a patient level. Treatment planning is rarely black and white, with considerable variations in opinion among clinicians, even for more simple cases. The staging of treatment planning is fairly consistent across the profession (e.g. relief of pain first, then investigatory phase, etc.), but in complex cases, a second opinion may be warranted. Not only is treatment plan¬ning a difficult skill, but so is the execution. It takes practice to become adept at the variety of clinical skills in prosthodontics and the staging of treatment, but this makes for a rewarding and fascinating discipline. Modern dentistry has a much greater focus on minimal invasive treat-ment, relying on dentine bonding and adhesive dentistry to limit the need for aggressive preparations of teeth and protect the vitality of the pulp. Moreover, the progression in digital dentistry is exponential, with newer production methods and clinical techniques becoming increasingly accurate and ever more accessible. As such, the modern practitioner needs to have a good understanding of both conventional concepts and modern alternatives in order to be able to apply the material and tech¬nique of choice to achieve an optimal outcome. The questions in the chapter aim to cover a wide range of topics, testing conventional concepts in both fixed and removable prostho¬dontics, whilst touching on contemporary materials and production methods. It is hoped that the reader will be challenged and the more difficult questions will promote wider reading. Key topics include: ● Diagnosis and treatment planning ● Occlusion ● Toothwear ● Complete dentures ● Removable dentures (including denture design principles) ● Direct restorations ● Crown and bridge ● Implant restorations ● Laboratory processes ● Digital dentistry.

scholarly journals High-skilled female immigrants: career strategies and experiences

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 258-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saba Colakoglu ◽  
Dilek G. Yunlu ◽  
Gamze Arman
Keyword(s):  
Experiential Learning ◽  
Support Network ◽  
Career Experiences ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Skilled Immigrants ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Female Immigrants ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Depth Interviews

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to uncover career-related issues that high-skilled female immigrants face and their strategies for rebuilding their careers upon migration for a diverse range of reasons including following a spouse, furthering education and self-initiated expatriation. Design/methodology/approach Using grounded theory to explore this topic, the authors performed 14 in-depth interviews with female immigrants that fit pre-determined inclusion criteria for high-skilled (e.g. educated, gainfully and professionally employed). The study context of immigration is the USA, and the authors performed interviews with high-skilled immigrants from Turkey – an underrepresented nation in the US migrant population. Findings Content analysis of in-depth interviews revealed five primary theoretical themes that captured the career experiences of these individuals: non-linear career entry, career orientation, strong commitment and will to succeed, socialization patterns at work and support network. Integrating these findings with theories on adult learning, the authors developed an experiential learning model of career reconstruction among high-skilled immigrants. Originality/value This study contributes to the global mobility literature by developing an experiential learning theory of careers and taking a gendered perspective to the career experiences of high-skilled female immigrants. It answers the questions: what are the individual and situation factors associated with career success among high-skilled female immigrants? and what is the process that high-skilled immigrants go through to rebuild their careers?

Monitoring Players’ Readiness Using Predicted Heart-Rate Responses to Soccer Drills

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1273-1280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathieu Lacome ◽  
Ben Simpson ◽  
Nick Broad ◽  
Martin Buchheit
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Internal Load ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Multiple Stepwise Regression Analysis ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Fitness Criterion ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual

Purpose: To examine the ability of multivariate models to predict the heart-rate (HR) responses to some specific training drills from various global positioning system (GPS) variables and to examine the usefulness of the difference in predicted vs actual HR responses as an index of fitness or readiness to perform. Method: All data were collected during 1 season (2016–17) with players’ soccer activity recorded using 5-Hz GPS and internal load monitored using HR. GPS and HR data were analyzed during typical small-sided games and a 4-min standardized submaximal run (12 km·h−1). A multiple stepwise regression analysis was used to identify which combinations of GPS variables showed the largest correlations with HR responses at the individual level (HRACT, 149 [46] GPS/HR pairs per player) and was further used to predict HR during individual drills (HRPRED). Then, HR predicted was compared with actual HR to compute an index of fitness or readiness to perform (HRΔ, %). The validity of HRΔ was examined while comparing changes in HRΔ with the changes in HR responses to a submaximal run (HRRUN, fitness criterion) and as a function of the different phases of the season (with fitness being expected to increase after the preseason). Results: HRPRED was very largely correlated with HRACT (r = .78 [.04]). Within-player changes in HRΔ were largely correlated with within-player changes in HRRUN (r = .66, .50–.82). HRΔ very likely decreased from July (3.1% [2.0%]) to August (0.8% [2.2%]) and most likely decreased further in September (−1.5% [2.1%]). Conclusions: HRΔ is a valid variable to monitor elite soccer players’ fitness and allows fitness monitoring on a daily basis during normal practice, decreasing the need for formal testing.

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