scholarly journals Rats born to Brucella abortus infected mothers become latent carriers of Brucella

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (03) ◽  
pp. 256-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Ariful Islam ◽  
Mst. Minara Khatun ◽  
Byeong-Kirl Baek
Keyword(s):  
Brucella Abortus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Sd Rats ◽  
Brucella Infection ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
The Rose

Introduction: Rats are known to be infected with Brucella. Vertical transmission of brucellosis was recorded in rats. The study was performed to judge whether rats born from Brucella abortus infected mothers can act as latent carriers of Brucella infection. Methodology: Female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were experimentally infected with B. abortus biotype 1 and subsequently bred 10 days post infection (PI). Serum samples of rats (n = 48) born from infected dams were tested using the Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT), tube agglutination test (TAT), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at one, two and three months of age. Tissue samples were plated onto Brucella agar and blood agar media and incubated at 37°C with 5% CO2 for five to seven days for isolation of bacteria.. Results: B. abortus was isolated from 18 out of 48 rats born to infected dams, and the isolates were confirmed as B. abortus by AMOS (B. abortus, melitensis, ovis and suis) PCR assay with the production of a 498 bp PCR amplicon. Serum samples of rats (n = 48) born from infected dams were tested negative using the RBPT, TAT and ELISA at all time points. Conclusion: We conclude from the study that rats born to infected dams may become latent carriers of Brucella infection potentially providing a reservoir for future transmission.

scholarly journals Comparative Brucella abortus antibody prevalence in cattle under contrasting husbandry practices in Uganda

2013 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Nizeyimana ◽  
Frank N. Mwiine ◽  
Chrisostom Ayebazibwe
Keyword(s):  
Brucella Abortus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
System P ◽  
Grazing System ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Husbandry Practices ◽  
Antibody Elisa ◽  
The Rose

A study was conducted in the Luwero and Nakasongola districts in central Uganda to determine and compare the prevalence and distribution of antibodies against Brucella abortus in cattle under contrasting husbandry practices, using two serological tests. Three hundred and fifteen serum samples were systematically sampled from 29 farms and subsequently tested using the Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT) and Indirect Antibody Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (I-ELISA). The overall prevalence of antibodies against Brucella abortus in the Nakasongola and Luwero districts was 2.4% and 4.7% on RBPT, compared with 1.2% and 3.34 % on I-ELISA. There was no significant difference between the results obtained by RBPT and indirect antibody ELISA (p > 0.05). It was noted that antibodies against Brucella abortus were widely spread over different farms regardless of the cattle grazing system (p > 0.05). Based on the findings, it is feasible to use RBPT as a cheaper screening alternative for brucellosis. A comprehensive national brucellosis study should be undertaken to study the epidemiology and prevalence of brucellosis in Uganda.

Serological and molecular detection of Bovine Herpes Virus 1 infection in cattle by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and polymerase chain reaction

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Jithin ◽  
Surya Sankar ◽  
Binu K. Mani ◽  
Shibu Simon ◽  
Roshin M. Reji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Nucleotide Sequencing ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Glycoprotein C ◽  
Amplicon Size ◽  
Bovine Herpes Virus 1 ◽  
Herpès Virus

The present study was undertaken to assess the seroprevalence of Bovine Herpes Virus 1 (BoHV 1) in cattle in and around Thrissur district employing ELISA and to detect the presence of the virus from suspected cases of abortion in cattle using PCR assay. A total of 182 serum samples were screened using commercially available ELISA kit of which 22 were found positive for BoHV1 antibody with a seropositivity of 12.09 per cent. For the detection of BoHV1 virus in aborted cases, a PCR assay was standardised targeting glycoprotein C gene of BoHV1. Out of a total of 13 aborted foetal tissue samples, six were found to be positive with an amplicon size of 179 bp. Further, the amplicons were confirmed by nucleotide sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequences showed that our sample from Kerala grouped with isolates from India (Gujarat and UP), Brazil, Switzerland, and USA.

scholarly journals Polymerase chain reaction assay for the diagnosis of experimentally infected pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats with Brucella abortus biotype 1

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 253-258
Author(s):  
Rahman MS
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Brucella Abortus ◽  
Brucella Melitensis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Sd Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Polymerase Chain

In order to diagnose the experimentally infected pregnant Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats with Brucella abortus biotype 1 using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, the SD rats were injected subcutaneously at the dose of 1.0 &times; 10<sup>9</sup> colony forming units (cfu) at different stages of gestation period. The maximum rectal temperature was recorded as 38&deg;C in the infected group within 3 days, whereas in the control group the temperature remained normal (36&deg;C). There were no stillbirths, abortions or premature birth and relapsing fever in the infected SD rats. The pathological findings of infected SD rats were splenomegaly, metritis, swelling of lymph nodes, placentitis associated with lymphocytic and macrophage infiltration. Four hundred ninety-eight base pair DNA was detected in infected tissues through AMOS (Brucella abortus, Brucella melitensis, Brucella ovis, Brucella suis) PCR assay. The AMOS PCR assay was shown to be a valuable tool for&nbsp;diagnosis of infected pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats with B.&nbsp;abortus biotype 1.

Sero - Prevalence and Risk Factors of Cattle and Human Brucellosis at Seka Chokorsa and Shebe Sonbo Jimma Zone Districts, South West Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ftsum Assefa Tokon ◽  
Benti Deresa Gelalcha ◽  
Teferi Benti Moti ◽  
Redeat Belaneh Alemu ◽  
Hailu Degefu Awash
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Brucella Abortus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Human Brucellosis ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Herd Level ◽  
Jimma Zone

Abstract Background: Brucellosis is contagious bacterial disease of major socio-economic and public health importance globally and it is also one of the priority zoonotic diseases in Ethiopia. Across-sectional epidemiological study was carried out from April 2017 to April 2018 to estimate the sero prevalence of bovine and human brucellosis and to assess the associated risk factors of brucellosis in Seka Chokorsa and Shebe Sonbo districts of Jimma zone. Results: The overall prevalence of cattle brucella infection at individual and herd level were 5.9% (95%CI: 4.1%-8.1%) and 26.6 (95%CI: 19.1%-35.3%) based on diagnosis using commercial kits of the competitive enzyme-linked Immunosorbent assay (CELISA) from Brucella abortus antibodies. Univariate logistic regression analysis at individual animal level showed that animals from large herd size and households which had a practice of introduction of new animals in their herds were 3.7 and 2.3 times more likely to be seropositive, respectively. The same scenario has been observed at herd level. Molecularly, five Brucella abortus was identified as the species affecting cattle in the study areas. From the total human serum samples tested only one serum was found to be positive for CFT and thus the prevalence is 0.42 %,( 95%CI: 0.01%-2.38%). From 238 respondents, 90% of them drink raw milk and milk products, and 70% of them also eat raw meat. Furthermore, slaughtering, assisting during delivery and poor management of aborted material is a common practice that favor transmission of the pathogen in the area. Conclusions: In conclusion, the results of this study showed that brucellosis is an important and widely distributed disease in cattle in the study areas. The finding of the infection in human indicates the public health importance of brucellosis in the area. The risk behaviors and practices observed suggests the need to design all-inclusive health programmes, such one-health approach aimed at controlling brucellosis spread in the study area.

scholarly journals Outbreak of caprine abortion by Toxoplasma gondii in Midwest Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 933-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávio Henrique Bravim Caldeira ◽  
Daniel Guimarães Ubiali ◽  
Isabela de Godoy ◽  
Valéria Dutra ◽  
Daniel Moura de Aguiar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Brucella Abortus ◽  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Pathology Laboratory ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Veterinary Pathology ◽  
Gross Lesions

An outbreak of abortion by Toxoplasma gondii in goats on a farm in the Brazilian Midwest is reported. Gross lesions were not observed in seven aborted fetuses submitted to the Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, Federal University of Mato Grosso, for necropsy investigation. The main histologic lesions were mononuclear cell pneumonia and necrotizing encephalitis in varying degrees of intensity. PCR for Brucella abortus and Neospora caninum and aerobic cultures were negative in all cases. Antibody titles against T. gondii varying from 1:1024 to 1:32.768 were detected in serum samples from four aborted goats. Nested-PCR assay for T. gondii were positive in brain samples of all cases submitted. These findings indicate that T. gondii infection should be considered in the diagnosis of abortion in goats in Midwest Brazil.

scholarly journals Ochratoxin A is not detectable in renal and testicular tumours

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nader Fahmy ◽  
Mark Woo ◽  
Mona Alameldin ◽  
Kyle MacDonald ◽  
Lee W. Goneau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Germ Cell Tumour ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Testicular Tumours ◽  
Renal Tumours ◽  
Tissue Specimens ◽  
Conventional Type

Introduction: Ochratoxin-A (OTA) is one of the most abundant food-contaminating mycotoxins, known for its nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, gonadotoxicity, teratogenicity, immunosuppression and carcinogenesis. OTA has been linked to several genitourinary pathologies, including Balkan nephropathy and genitourinary malignancies. We examine OTA levels in serum samples and tumour specimens collected from patients with renal and testicular tumours.Methods: Frozen samples were obtained from the Ontario Tumour Bank. Serum specimens, along with renal and testicular tumour biopsies, were included in this study. Normal tissue from the negative surgical margins of each tumour served as a control. OTA levels in serum was measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while OTA detection in tissue specimens was determined using immunohistochemistry (IHC).Results: We included specimens collected from 56 patients (36 men and 20 women). Histopathology of the 52 renal tumours included 31 (60%) conventional type renal cell carcinomas (RCC),5 (10%) chromophobe RCC, 5 (10%) papillary RCC, 1 (2%) oncocytoma and 10 (19%) upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UC). The 4 testicular tumours included 1 seminomatous (25%) germ cell tumour and 3 (75%) non-seminomatous germ cell tumours. OTA was detected in the serum of renal tumour patients, with a range from 0.004 to 0.25 ng/mL (mean: 0.07 and median 0.06 ng/mL).There was no OTA signal detected by IHC staining in all testedrenal and testicular tumours.Conclusions: The OTA levels detected in the serum of patients were highly variable and relatively low. No OTA was detected in the tissue samples.

scholarly journals Sensitive and Specific Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detecting Serum Antibodies against Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in Fallow Deer

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 1077-1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
José M. Prieto ◽  
Ana Balseiro ◽  
Rosa Casais ◽  
Naiara Abendaño ◽  
Liam E. Fitzgerald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fallow Deer ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp Paratuberculosis

ABSTRACTThe enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is the diagnostic test most commonly used in efforts to control paratuberculosis in domestic ruminants. However, commercial ELISAs have not been validated for detecting antibodies againstMycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosisin wild animals. In this study, we compared the sensitivities and specificities of five ELISAs using individual serum samples collected from 41 fallow deer with or without histopathological lesions consistent with paratuberculosis. Two target antigenic preparations were selected, an ethanol-treated protoplasmic preparation obtained from a fallow deerM. aviumsubsp.paratuberculosisisolate (ELISAs A and B) and a paratuberculosis protoplasmic antigen (PPA3) (ELISAs C and D). Fallow deer antibodies bound to the immobilized antigens were detected by using a horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated anti-fallow deer IgG antibody (ELISAs A and C) or HRP-conjugated protein G (ELISAs B and D). A commercially available assay, ELISA-E, which was designed to detectM. aviumsubsp.paratuberculosisantibodies in cattle, sheep, and goats, was also tested. Although ELISAs A, C, and E had the same sensitivity (72%), ELISAs A and C were more specific (100%) for detecting fallow deer with lesions consistent with paratuberculosis at necropsy than was the ELISA-E (87.5%). In addition, the ELISA-A was particularly sensitive for detecting fallow deer in the latent stages of infection (62.5%). The antibody responses detected with the ELISA-A correlated with both the severity of enteric lesions and the presence of acid-fast bacteria in gut tissue samples. In summary, our study shows that the ELISA-A can be a cost-effective diagnostic tool for preventing the spread of paratuberculosis among fallow deer populations.

Effect of Cellgevity® Supplement on Selected Rat Liver Cytochrome P450 Enzyme Activity and Pharmacokinetic Parameters of Carbamazepine

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth Kwabena Amponsah ◽  
Benoit Banga Nguessan ◽  
Martin Akandawen ◽  
Abigail Aning ◽  
Sedem Yawa Agboli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Cytochrome P450 Enzyme ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Liver Cytochrome ◽  
Sd Rats

Abstract Background: There is considerable evidence that many patients concurrently administer dietary supplements with conventional drugs, creating a risk for potential drug-supplement interaction. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Cellgevity® supplement on selected rat liver cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. Also, we sought to deternine the effect of Cellgevity® on the pharmacokinetics of carbamazepine, a CYP3A4 substrate. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly put into 5 groups and administered (per os) either distilled water (negative control), Cellgevity® (3 separate doses) or phenobarbital (positive control). Modulation of liver CYP enzyme activity was evaluated after 30 days of treatment, using probe substrates, spectroscopic and high-performance liquid chromatographic methods. In the pharmacokinetic study, 12 SD rats were divided into 2 groups administered (per os) carbamazepine plus Cellgevity®, or carbamazepine plus normal saline, both over a period of 14 days. Blood samples from rats in the same group were collected after treatment. Serum samples were prepared and pooled together at each specific sampling time point. Levels of carbamazepine were determined using a fluorescence polarization immunoassay. Results: Activities of rat liver CYP1A1/2, CYP2C9 and CYP2D6 were significantly increased by Cellgevity® after 30-day treament. Pharmacokinetic parameters for rats administered carbamazepine with Cellgevity® vis-a-vis carbamazepine with normal saline were as follows: Cmax; 20 μmol/L vs 11 μmol/L, AUC0→24; 347 μmol.h/L vs 170 μmol.h/L, Ke; 0.28 h-1 vs 0.41 h-1, and t1/2; 2.3 h vs 1.7 h, respectively.Conclusions: Cellgevity® increased the activity of rat CYP1A1/2, CYP2C9 and CYP2D6 enzymes, and altered the pharmacokinetics of carbamazepine in rats.

Manual acupuncture relieves microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in a rat model of traumatic brain injury by inhibiting the RhoA/ROCK2 pathway

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 426-434
Author(s):  
Ming-min Zhu ◽  
Ji-huan Lin ◽  
Peng Qing ◽  
Liu Pu ◽  
Shu-lian Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Manual Acupuncture ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
M1 Polarization ◽  
Immunofluorescence Labeling

Objective: To investigate the regulatory mechanism of manual acupuncture (MA) on microglial polarization–mediated neuroinflammation after traumatic brain injury (TBI), focusing on the RhoA/Rho-associated coiled coil-forming protein kinase (ROCK2) pathway. Methods: Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were used to generate a TBI model using Feeney’s freefall epidural impact method. MA was performed on half of the TBI model rats, while the others remained untreated. Acupuncture was administered at GV15, GV16, GV20, GV26, and LI4. At the end of the intervention, rat brain tissue samples were collected, and the microglial M1 polarization status was observed by immunofluorescence labeling of CD86, an M1 microglia-specific protein. RhoA/ROCK2 signaling components were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the expression levels of inflammatory factors. Results: Compared with normal rats, the CD86 expression density in the untreated TBI model rats was high and showed an aggregated expression pattern. The genes and proteins of the RhoA/ROCK2 signaling pathway were highly expressed, and inflammatory factors were significantly increased. The CD86 expression density in TBI rats after MA was reduced compared to that in untreated TBI rats and showed a scattered distribution. The expression of RhoA/ROCK2 signaling pathway genes and proteins was also significantly reduced, and inflammatory factors were decreased. Conclusion: These results show that MA may inhibit M1 polarization of microglia by regulating the RhoA/ROCK2 signaling pathway, thereby reducing neuroinflammation in TBI.

scholarly journals Plate and Tube Agglutination Tests for Diagnosis of Brucella abortus Biotype 1 Infection in Sprague-Dawley Rats

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
MS Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Titer ◽  
Brucella Abortus ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sd Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

The plate and tube agglutination tests were evaluated for the diagnosis of experimentally induced Brucella abortus biotype 1 infection in 45 female, 6 to 10 months old Sprague- Dawley (SD) rats during the period from 2001 to 2002. These 45 rats were divided into two groups A and B, of which group A consisting of 27 rats used for experimental infection, whereas 18 rats of group B served as uninfected control. Each rat of group A was injected subcutaneously @ 1.0×109 colony forming units (CFU) in 500 µl of bovine pathogenic strain of B. abortus biotype 1 suspension in physiological saline. The SD rats were monitored at regular intervals by serological and bacteriological methods. The reciprocal antibody titer was 1:400 through tube agglutination test (TAT) whereas it was 1:800 through plate agglutination (PAT) at first week of post-infection. There was no reciprocal antibody titer in sera of 24 weeks of post-infection both through PAT and TAT despite the presence of bacteremia and these tests were evaluated for the first time using sera from rat with brucellosis. PAT using B. abortus strain 1119-3 (S1119-3) whole cell antigen was a potential candidate as an improved diagnostic method for field diagnosis of brucellosis in wild animals. Key words: B. abortus biotype 1; plate and tube agglutination tests; Sprague-Dawley rats doi: 10.3329/bjvm.v2i1.1938 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2004). 2 (1) : 63-67

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