scholarly journals Ochratoxin A is not detectable in renal and testicular tumours

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nader Fahmy ◽  
Mark Woo ◽  
Mona Alameldin ◽  
Kyle MacDonald ◽  
Lee W. Goneau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Germ Cell Tumour ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Testicular Tumours ◽  
Renal Tumours ◽  
Tissue Specimens ◽  
Conventional Type

Introduction: Ochratoxin-A (OTA) is one of the most abundant food-contaminating mycotoxins, known for its nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, gonadotoxicity, teratogenicity, immunosuppression and carcinogenesis. OTA has been linked to several genitourinary pathologies, including Balkan nephropathy and genitourinary malignancies. We examine OTA levels in serum samples and tumour specimens collected from patients with renal and testicular tumours.Methods: Frozen samples were obtained from the Ontario Tumour Bank. Serum specimens, along with renal and testicular tumour biopsies, were included in this study. Normal tissue from the negative surgical margins of each tumour served as a control. OTA levels in serum was measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while OTA detection in tissue specimens was determined using immunohistochemistry (IHC).Results: We included specimens collected from 56 patients (36 men and 20 women). Histopathology of the 52 renal tumours included 31 (60%) conventional type renal cell carcinomas (RCC),5 (10%) chromophobe RCC, 5 (10%) papillary RCC, 1 (2%) oncocytoma and 10 (19%) upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UC). The 4 testicular tumours included 1 seminomatous (25%) germ cell tumour and 3 (75%) non-seminomatous germ cell tumours. OTA was detected in the serum of renal tumour patients, with a range from 0.004 to 0.25 ng/mL (mean: 0.07 and median 0.06 ng/mL).There was no OTA signal detected by IHC staining in all testedrenal and testicular tumours.Conclusions: The OTA levels detected in the serum of patients were highly variable and relatively low. No OTA was detected in the tissue samples.

scholarly journals Endogenous biotin expression in renal and testicular tumors and literature review

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nader Fahmy ◽  
Mark Woo ◽  
Mona Alameldin ◽  
King Chien Joe Lee ◽  
Kyle MacDonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Germ Cell Tumour ◽  
Surgical Margin ◽  
Testicular Tumors ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Testicular Tumours ◽  
Renal Tumours ◽  
Tissue Specimens ◽  
Conventional Type ◽  
Endogenous Biotin

Introduction: The aim of this study was to examine endogenous biotin levels in tumour specimens collected from patients with renal and testicular tumours and compare them to the surrounding non-neoplastic surgical margin.Methods: Frozen samples were obtained from the Ontario Tumour Bank. Renal and testicular tumour tissue were included in this study. Normal tissue from the negative surgical margins of each tumour served as a control. Biotin detection in tissue specimens was determined using immunohistochemistry (IHC).Results: Specimens collected from 56 patients (36 men and 20 women) were included in this study. Histopathology of the 52 renal tumours included 31 (60%) conventional type RCC, 5 (10%) chromophobe RCC, 5 (10%) papillary RCC, 1 (2%) oncocytoma and 10 (19%) upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UC). The 4 testicular tumours included 1 seminomatous (25%) germ cell tumour and 3 (75%) non-seminomatous germ cell tumours.Conclusion: No biotin signal was perceived in all tested tumour samples. Endogenous biotin expression was detected in the matching non-neoplastic surgical margin of tested renal tissues. This lack of staining may prove to be a valuable tool in future studies.

scholarly journals Sensitive and Specific Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detecting Serum Antibodies against Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in Fallow Deer

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 1077-1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
José M. Prieto ◽  
Ana Balseiro ◽  
Rosa Casais ◽  
Naiara Abendaño ◽  
Liam E. Fitzgerald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fallow Deer ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp Paratuberculosis

ABSTRACTThe enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is the diagnostic test most commonly used in efforts to control paratuberculosis in domestic ruminants. However, commercial ELISAs have not been validated for detecting antibodies againstMycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosisin wild animals. In this study, we compared the sensitivities and specificities of five ELISAs using individual serum samples collected from 41 fallow deer with or without histopathological lesions consistent with paratuberculosis. Two target antigenic preparations were selected, an ethanol-treated protoplasmic preparation obtained from a fallow deerM. aviumsubsp.paratuberculosisisolate (ELISAs A and B) and a paratuberculosis protoplasmic antigen (PPA3) (ELISAs C and D). Fallow deer antibodies bound to the immobilized antigens were detected by using a horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated anti-fallow deer IgG antibody (ELISAs A and C) or HRP-conjugated protein G (ELISAs B and D). A commercially available assay, ELISA-E, which was designed to detectM. aviumsubsp.paratuberculosisantibodies in cattle, sheep, and goats, was also tested. Although ELISAs A, C, and E had the same sensitivity (72%), ELISAs A and C were more specific (100%) for detecting fallow deer with lesions consistent with paratuberculosis at necropsy than was the ELISA-E (87.5%). In addition, the ELISA-A was particularly sensitive for detecting fallow deer in the latent stages of infection (62.5%). The antibody responses detected with the ELISA-A correlated with both the severity of enteric lesions and the presence of acid-fast bacteria in gut tissue samples. In summary, our study shows that the ELISA-A can be a cost-effective diagnostic tool for preventing the spread of paratuberculosis among fallow deer populations.

scholarly journals Transcriptome analysis reveals upregulation of immune response pathways at the invasive tumour front of metastatic seminoma germ cell tumours

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Nestler ◽  
Priya Dalvi ◽  
Friederike Haidl ◽  
Maike Wittersheim ◽  
Melanie von Brandenstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Tumour Progression ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Germ Cell Tumour ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Germ Cell Tumours ◽  
Testicular Germ Cell Tumour ◽  
Testicular Germ Cell ◽  
Invasive Tumour

Abstract Background Testicular germ cell tumours (TGCTs) have a high metastasis rate. However, the mechanisms related to their invasion, progression and metastasis are unclear. Therefore, we investigated gene expression changes that might be linked to metastasis in seminomatous testicular germ cell tumour (STGCT) patients. Methods Defined areas [invasive tumour front (TF) and tumour centre (TC)] of non-metastatic (with surveillance and recurrence-free follow-up >2 years) and metastatic STGCTs were collected separately using laser capture microdissection. The expression of 760 genes related to tumour progression and metastasis was analysed using nCounter technology and validated with quantitative real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Distinct gene expression patterns were observed in metastatic and non-metastatic seminomas with respect to both the TF and TC. Comprehensive pathway analysis showed enrichment of genes related to tumour functions such as inflammation, angiogenesis and metabolism at the TF compared to the TC. Remarkably, prominent inflammatory and cancer-related pathways, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) signalling, integrin signalling and nuclear factor-κB signalling, were significantly upregulated in the TF of metastatic vs non-metastatic tumours. Conclusions IL-6 signalling was the most significantly upregulated pathway in metastatic vs non-metastatic tumours and therefore could constitute a therapeutic target for future personalised therapy. In addition, this is the first study showing intra- and inter-tumour heterogeneity in STGCT.

scholarly journals Germ cell tumour subtypes display differential expression of microRNA371a-3p

2018 ◽  
Vol 373 (1748) ◽  
pp. 20170338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bárbara Vilela-Salgueiro ◽  
Daniela Barros-Silva ◽  
João Lobo ◽  
Ana Laura Costa ◽  
Rita Guimarães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Germ Cell Tumour ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Serum Markers ◽  
Disease Monitoring ◽  
Testicular Germ Cell ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Testicular Germ Cell Tumours

Testicular germ cell tumours (TGCTs) are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms, mostly affecting young men. Curability rates are high and adequate treatment relies on careful and accurate pathological and clinical assessment. Indeed, TGCTs' histopathological subtyping is critical for adequate therapeutic decision. Considering the limitation of currently available serum biomarkers, novel candidates have been proposed, most notably miR-371a-3p, which outperformed classical serum markers, but no detailed information concerning TGCT subtype was available. Thus, we carried out evaluation of miR-371a-3p expression levels among TGCT subtypes using a consecutive cohort of tissue samples. MiR-371a-3p discriminated TGCTs from control tissues with high sensitivity and specificity (AUC = 0.99). Furthermore, seminomas displayed higher miR-371a-3p expression levels compared to non-seminomatous TGCTs, which also showed significant differences among them. Nonetheless, prepubertal TGCTs depicted lower miR-371a-3p expression levels than postpubertal TGCTs. Globally, miR-371a-3p expression levels decreased in parallel with progressive cell differentiation. We concluded that miR-371a-3p is TGCTs-specific and it might be clinically useful for early detection and disease monitoring. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Frontiers in epigenetic chemical biology’.

scholarly journals Rats born to Brucella abortus infected mothers become latent carriers of Brucella

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (03) ◽  
pp. 256-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Ariful Islam ◽  
Mst. Minara Khatun ◽  
Byeong-Kirl Baek
Keyword(s):  
Brucella Abortus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Sd Rats ◽  
Brucella Infection ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
The Rose

Introduction: Rats are known to be infected with Brucella. Vertical transmission of brucellosis was recorded in rats. The study was performed to judge whether rats born from Brucella abortus infected mothers can act as latent carriers of Brucella infection. Methodology: Female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were experimentally infected with B. abortus biotype 1 and subsequently bred 10 days post infection (PI). Serum samples of rats (n = 48) born from infected dams were tested using the Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT), tube agglutination test (TAT), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at one, two and three months of age. Tissue samples were plated onto Brucella agar and blood agar media and incubated at 37°C with 5% CO2 for five to seven days for isolation of bacteria.. Results: B. abortus was isolated from 18 out of 48 rats born to infected dams, and the isolates were confirmed as B. abortus by AMOS (B. abortus, melitensis, ovis and suis) PCR assay with the production of a 498 bp PCR amplicon. Serum samples of rats (n = 48) born from infected dams were tested negative using the RBPT, TAT and ELISA at all time points. Conclusion: We conclude from the study that rats born to infected dams may become latent carriers of Brucella infection potentially providing a reservoir for future transmission.

scholarly journals Diagnosis and Molecular Characterization ofMycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosisfrom Dairy Cows in Colombia

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Fernández-Silva ◽  
A. Abdulmawjood ◽  
M. Bülte
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Fecal Samples

The objective of this study was the serological, bacteriological and molecular diagnosis, as well as the molecular characterization ofMycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosis(Map) in adult cows of five Colombian dairy herds. Serum samples were tested by an indirect absorbed enzyme–linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA-C). All fecal samples were tested by pooled culture. After that, fecal samples of Map positive pools were tested individually by culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In one herd, slurry and tissue samples from one animal were also taken and tested by PCR and culture. Map isolates were analyzed by the Multilocus Short Sequence Repeat (MLSSR) and the Mycobacterial Interspersed Repetitive Units-Variable Number of Tandem Repeats (MIRU-VNTR) methods. ELISA produced positive results in 1.8% (6/329) of the animals and 40% (2/5) of the herds. Four fecal, two tissue, and two slurry samples from a herd were Map positive by culture and PCR. MLSSR and MIRU-VNTR revealed two different strain profiles among eight Map isolates recovered. This study reports the first molecular characterization of Map in one dairy herd in Colombia, the limitations for individual diagnosis of subclinical Map infections in cattle, and the usefulness of pooled fecal samples and environmental sampling for Map diagnosis.

scholarly journals Serological Evidence for Henipa-like and Filo-like Viruses in Trinidad Bats

2020 ◽  
Vol 221 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. S375-S382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan E Schulz ◽  
Stephanie N Seifert ◽  
John T Thompson ◽  
Victoria Avanzato ◽  
Spencer L Sterling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serological Method ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
The Family ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Bat-borne zoonotic pathogens belonging to the family Paramxyoviridae, including Nipah and Hendra viruses, and the family Filoviridae, including Ebola and Marburg viruses, can cause severe disease and high mortality rates on spillover into human populations. Surveillance efforts for henipaviruses and filoviruses have been largely restricted to the Old World; however, recent studies suggest a potentially broader distribution for henipaviruses and filoviruses than previously recognized. In the current study, we screened for henipaviruses and filoviruses in New World bats collected across 4 locations in Trinidad near the coast of Venezuela. Bat tissue samples were screened using previously established reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assays. Serum were screened using a multiplex immunoassay to detect antibodies reactive with the envelope glycoprotein of viruses in the genus Henipavirus and the family Filoviridae. Serum samples were also screened by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antibodies reactive with Nipah G and F glycoproteins. Of 84 serum samples, 28 were reactive with ≥1 henipavirus glycoprotein by ≥1 serological method, and 6 serum samples were reactive against ≥1 filovirus glycoproteins. These data provide evidence of potential circulation of viruses related to the henipaviruses and filoviruses in New World bats.

Does ochratoxin A (OTA) cause testicular cancer in humans?

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayachandra SRINIVASA
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Testicular Cancer ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Male Offspring ◽  
Balkan Endemic Nephropathy ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Testicular Tumours ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Endemic Nephropathy

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a naturally occurring contaminant of cereals, pigmeat, and other foods and is a known genotoxic in animals. It is a nephrotoxin and a carcinogen associated with Balkan endemic nephropathy and urinary tract tumours. It is also thought to be a cause of testicular cancer. A previous study has shown that consumption of foods contaminated with ochratoxin A during pregnancy induces lesions in testicular DNA of male offspring, and this supports a possible role for OTA in testicular cancer. Additionally, prenatal exposure to ochratoxin A in mice significantly depresses expression of the DMRT1 gene in male offspring, and the loss of this gene produces germ cell testicular tumours in mice. This molecular evidence supports the theory that ochratoxin A might be related to germ cell testicular tumours in mice and in humans. Keywords: ochratoxin A, testicular cancer, mycotoxins

scholarly journals Molecular and serological study by using ELISA and rRT-PCR techniques to detect avian infectious bronchitis virus in chickens in Middle Euphrates

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
A. Abdul Aziz Abed
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Bronchitis Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis ◽  
Commercial Chicken ◽  
Broiler Farm ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Pcr Techniques

The study was conducted to detect Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) in commercial chicken farms of Middle Euphrates, the technique have been used throughout the study protocol, Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), Real Time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) and histopathological study. (172) serum samples were collected from clinically infected vaccinated broiler farm and (29) serum samples were collected from clinically infected non-vaccinated broiler farm, and screened for the presence of IBV antibodies by ELISA.75serum samples from 172 samples were positive ,(43.6%) distributed as followed 43 (61.4%) from Hella, 23 (36.5%) from Najaf and 9 (23.07%) from Diwaneyah ,29 serum samples collected from clinically infected non-vaccinated broiler flocks, were 5 (17.2%) serum positive samples for IBV. (75) tissue samples from clinically infected vaccinated broilers distributed were submitted for rRT-PCR technique, the results were as followed42 (56%) have been detected IBV, while 30 (71.4%) was positive in ELISA, and (15) samples from clinically infected non-vaccinated broilers showed 8 (53.3%) IBV were detectable while 5 (62.5%) was positive in ELISA. Also the research include study the histopathological changes of trachea, lung and kidney of infected birds which were positive for rRT-PCR.

Serological and molecular detection of Bovine Herpes Virus 1 infection in cattle by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and polymerase chain reaction

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Jithin ◽  
Surya Sankar ◽  
Binu K. Mani ◽  
Shibu Simon ◽  
Roshin M. Reji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Nucleotide Sequencing ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Glycoprotein C ◽  
Amplicon Size ◽  
Bovine Herpes Virus 1 ◽  
Herpès Virus

The present study was undertaken to assess the seroprevalence of Bovine Herpes Virus 1 (BoHV 1) in cattle in and around Thrissur district employing ELISA and to detect the presence of the virus from suspected cases of abortion in cattle using PCR assay. A total of 182 serum samples were screened using commercially available ELISA kit of which 22 were found positive for BoHV1 antibody with a seropositivity of 12.09 per cent. For the detection of BoHV1 virus in aborted cases, a PCR assay was standardised targeting glycoprotein C gene of BoHV1. Out of a total of 13 aborted foetal tissue samples, six were found to be positive with an amplicon size of 179 bp. Further, the amplicons were confirmed by nucleotide sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequences showed that our sample from Kerala grouped with isolates from India (Gujarat and UP), Brazil, Switzerland, and USA.

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