scholarly journals Outbreak of Chikungunya in the Republic of Congo and the global picture

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (06) ◽  
pp. 441-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyson Ann Kelvin
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Genetic Mutations ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
Chikungunya Fever ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recent Outbreak ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Significant Economic Loss

Chikungunya fever is a crippling disease caused by an arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) transmitted to humans through mosquitoes.  Although Chikungunya virus is not often associated with mortality, the effects of virus outbreaks are often devastating, causing significant economic loss due to the strain on health care.  Chikungunya is quickly spreading globally as a result of viral genetic mutations leading to the adaptation of new vector hosts and insecticide resistance.  The recent outbreak of Chikungunya fever in the republic of Congo has reported thousands of people affected.  Here we review the past Chikungunya fever epidemiology and new reports aimed at therapeutic intervention of this disease.  

African Ethnographic Maps, with a new Example from Northern Nigeria

Africa ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-65
Author(s):  
R. Mansell Prothero
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
Ethnic Conflicts ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Opening Paragraph

Opening ParagraphThere is little evidence to show that ethnic differences in Africa result in problems of lesser magnitude at the present day than in the past. In recent years the problems of ‘minorities’ have had to be considered in Nigeria, while in the Republic of Congo (Léopoldville) ethnic conflicts and the reappearance of past tribal enmities have produced numerous tragic situations during the last twelve months. The frontiers of Africa were delimited by the European powers half a century or more ago and their absurdity in relation to ethnic groups has been demonstrated recently in papers by Barbour and Prescott. They were drawn in ignorance of the different groups of people through which they passed and have now been inherited by independent African governments who will have to face the problems which have been created. To solve them these African governments will need to know more of ethnic groups and their distributions than did their European predecessors and the need for more adequate ethnographic maps is likely to increase rather than diminish.

scholarly journals Outbreak of Cholera in the Republic of Congo and the Democratic Republic of Congo and the global picture

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 688-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyson Ann Kelvin
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Diarrhoeal Disease ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Significant Mortality

Cholera is an acute intestinal disease caused by infection of the Vibrio cholerae bacterium.  Often manifested as a constant diarrhoeal disease, Cholera is associated with significant mortality as well as economic loss due to the strain on health care.  Cholera often affects nations with lower economic status.  The recent outbreak of cholera in the Republic of Congo and the Democratic Republic of Congo has affected thousands of people.  Here we review the past cholera epidemiology, molecular mechanisms of the bacterium, and the political and environmental aspects that affect the treatment and eradication of this disease.

scholarly journals Sociodemographic and sanitary profile of chikungunya virus infection in medium-sized municipality in Mato Grosso, from January to March 2018, Brasil.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dandára Thaís Oliveira Ferreira ◽  
Marina Atanaka ◽  
Mariano Martinez Espinosa ◽  
Lavínia Schuler-Faccini ◽  
Juliana Herrero da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Chikungunya Fever ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sampling Process ◽  
Positive Results

Introduction: The chikungunya virus has already been identified in more than 60 countries in Asia, Africa, Europe and the Americas, and chronicity after the disease impacts the lives of those affected by the virus, as well as society, the economy and public health. The objective was to characterize, through epidemiological survey, the profile of chikungunya infection in a mid-sized municipality in Mato Grosso according to sociodemographic and sanitary factors. Methods: The serum-epidemiological survey was conducted with 596 adults aged ≥ 18 years selected by cluster sampling process, with application of questionnaires and biological material collection. Positive cases of chikungunya fever were those with positive results in the anti-chikungunya virus enzyme immunoassay (ELISA). The statistical analyses used descriptive and inferential techniques with confidence intervals of 95% and a significance level of 5%. Results: The overall prevalence of chikungunya fever found in the community was 8.4%. The profile of infection by chikungunya fever is composed of women (p<0.204), aged between 18 and 39 years (p<0.780), more than 08 years of study (p<0.079), non-white reported race/color p<0.871) and employed in the past 12 months (p<0.927). Not residing with affective companion was statistically significant for infection by chikungunya virus (CHIKV) (p<0.028). Conclusion: The study found that women are the most affected by the infection, as well as being single represented a risk factor, and risk behaviors, such as presence of larvae and breeding of mosquitos at home, reflect a low level of awareness of the disease.

scholarly journals Macedonian Medical Association – Seventy Years from Its Establishment, 1945-2015

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 733-739
Author(s):  
Doncho Donev
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Medical Education ◽  
Medical Association ◽  
Continuing Medical Education ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Republic Of Macedonia ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Republic

AIM: To present the phases of development and activities over the 70-year period of existence and work of the Macedonian Medical Association, from its establishment in 1945 to 2015.METHODS: A retrospective study based on available archive materials, encyclopaedias and other sources of information and reviews of the relevant literature, and personal experiences and observations of the author.RESULTS: Macedonian Medical Association was established on August 12, 1945, with science and health educational mission and program. Dr Boris Spirov was elected as the first president of the Association, one of the main initiators and facilitators of activities in health care sector, including the establishment of the Faculty of Medicine in Skopje in March 1947. Over the past 70 years, the Association is the main carrier and has a key role and contribution in continuing medical education, vocational and scientific advancement of medical staff and improvement the dignity and reputation of the medical profession. The journal of the Association Macedonian Medical Review has contributed to spreading and advancement of knowledge and skills of modern medicine, as well as presenting professional and scientific achievements of physicians in the past 70 years. Macedonian Medical Association is a member of the World Medical Association and many other international associations and organisations contributing to international collaboration in education and science and promoting the Republic of Macedonia in Europe and worldwide.CONCLUSION:Macedonian Medical Association over the 70-year period of its existence has been one of the pillars and lighthouse in the healthcare system in the Republic of Macedonia with great contribution to the advancement of medical and related sciences and continuing medical education, strengthening of health services and health care for the population and overall socio-economic development of the Republic of Macedonia during the past 70 years. 

scholarly journals First Reported Chikungunya Fever Outbreak in the Republic of Congo, 2011

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. e115938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nanikaly Moyen ◽  
Simon-Djamel Thiberville ◽  
Boris Pastorino ◽  
Antoine Nougairede ◽  
Laurence Thirion ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
Chikungunya Fever ◽  
The Republic

10 years of Soviet medicine in Tatarstan

1930 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
K. X. Magdeev
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Civil Wars ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Agricultural Region ◽  
The Past ◽  
Economic State ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
The Republic

The main factors that formed the basis and gave direction to the construction of health care in the Tatar Republic over the past 10 years are the following: 1) the ethnic composition of the Tatar Republic with a predominantly Tatar and national (Chuvash, Mari, Mordovian, etc.) population with their peculiar everyday characteristics, 2) cultural and economic backwardness of the region, 3) poorly developed, completely destroyed during the years of imperialist and civil wars, the medical and sanitary network inherited by the Tatar Republic from tsarism, 4) hungry 20 and 21 years with a wide wave of epidemics of cholera, parasitic typhus, scurvy diseases, 5) low sanitary indicators of the region, and, finally, 6) the economic state of the Republic of Tatarstan, which is a predominantly agricultural region with a technically backward agricultural system and the concentration of industry mainly in Kazan and very weak in other localities of TR.

Analysis of effectiveness of thrombolytic therapy and introduction of new innovative projects for improving the quality of health care for patients with acute coronary syndrome in the Pavlodar regional ambulance station of the Republic of Kazakhstan

2020 ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
K. Akhmetzhanov
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Thrombolytic Therapy ◽  
Quality Of Health Care ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Positive Effect

The article provides statistics on the volume of care for patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) at the prehospital stage in the Pavlodar region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. A comparative analysis of the use of thrombolytic therapy (TLT) at the Pavlodar regional ambulance station and other countries was carried out. This article shows what the positive effect from TLT is. The article indicates all the new innovative technologies that have been introduced in the Pavlodar station over the past 5 years and how this has contributed to improving the quality of emergency care.

Tuberculosis and Social Stratification in South Africa

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Andersson
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Racial Classification ◽  
Tb Control ◽  
The Past ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
Gold Miners ◽  
The Republic

Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a barometer of poverty, determined by racial classification, in both town and countryside in the Republic of South Africa. Despite the fact that whites with the disease stand a greater chance of being diagnosed than their black counterparts, because they have very much better access to health care, the risks of TB for people classified by the state as black and colored are 27 and 16 times, respectively, the risk for whites. Black gold miners, the nutritional elite of the workforce, have also experienced an increase in TB rates. Tuberculosis accounts for 50 percent of all black compensation cases and some 2.5 percent of white cases. The risks of TB have increased over recent years among coloreds and blacks. Rates of tuberculous meningitis have also increased over the past decade, and show the dramatically worse health care available to people classified as black and colored. Although about 60,000 new TB cases are reported in the country each year, there have been cutbacks in the resources available for TB control and treatment.

scholarly journals Nurses' Knowledge of Palliative Care at Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Levels of Health Care

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-28
Author(s):  
Ružica Marinić ◽  
Ana Joka ◽  
Adriano Friganović ◽  
Ana Ljubas ◽  
Valerija Korent
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Palliative Care ◽  
Palliative Medicine ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Primary Level ◽  
The Past ◽  
Training Activities ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Treatment Procedures ◽  
Nurses Knowledge

Introduction. Comprehensive care for patients who no longer respond to treatment procedures is called palliative care. Palliative medicine does not delay or accelerate death, it promotes life, and considers dying as a normal process. In palliative medicine and care there is no place for hierarchy - teamwork, focus on the patient and respect for his autonomy are what is important. Aim. The conducted research shows the knowledge of nurses about palliative care at the primary, secondary and tertiary levels of health care. Methods. Prospective research in the Republic of Croatia at three levels of health care has been conducted. The sample included 150 nurses. The instrument used in the study was the Palliative Care Quiz for Nursing (PCQN). Results. The results showed that the nurses’ knowledge of palliative care is insufficient among the nursing population. Despite numerous training activities conducted over the past ten years, levels of knowledge are still lower than expected. Nurses at the primary level of health care have far greater knowledge than nurses at secondary and tertiary levels. Conclusion. Results of the study showed the need for quality education with real-life examples in order to achieve higher levels of empathy, spread knowledge about palliative care and about the importance of care for palliative patients. It is recommended to increase the number of educational activities in small groups, in the local language, adaptable and understandable to all health professionals.

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