scholarly journals Hospitalization patterns and outcomes of infants with Influenza A(H1N1) in Kuwait

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (08) ◽  
pp. 632-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Entesar H Husain ◽  
Ahmad AlKhabaz ◽  
Hanan Y Al-Qattan ◽  
Nufoud Al-Shammari ◽  
Abdullah F Owayed
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
H1n1 Influenza ◽  
Medical Conditions ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Duration Of Hospitalization

Introduction: Infants represent an important risk group for influenza associated hospitalizations and mortality. This study evaluated the clinical presentations, hospitalization course and outcome of infants hospitalized with the pandemic influenza A H1N1 [Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09] in relation to their previous health status. Methodology: We conducted a retrospective chart review of hospitalized infants with laboratory-confirmed Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 infection in two hospitals in Kuwait. Demographic characteristics, pre-existing high-risk medical conditions, clinical presentations, complications and mortality were analyzed. Previously healthy infants’ data were compared with infants with pre-existing high-risk medical conditions for severity of the illness and outcome. Results: We identified 62 infants comprising 32% of all admissions with Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09.  The median age ± SD was 7 ± 4 months.  Nineteen (31%) had pre-existing high-risk medical conditions. Complications were documented in 53% of previously healthy infants compared to 47% in high-risk infants.  Mean duration of hospitalization was 4.9 days in healthy infants and 6.7 for infants with high-risk medical conditions. Bacterial pneumonia complicated 7% of previously healthy infants compared to 26% with high-risk conditions (P = 0.03). Four infants (6.5%) required admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), of whom three had high risk medical condition. Conclusion: The majority of hospitalized infants with Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 were previously healthy. Prolonged hospitalization, ICU admission and mortality were more observed in infants with high-risk medical conditions. According to the latest Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommendations, annual influenza vaccination is recommended for any child six months of age and older, particularly those with risk factors.

Hospitalized pandemic influenza A (H1N1) patients in a university hospital

Open Medicine ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gokhan Metan ◽  
Ilkay Bozkurt ◽  
Cigdem Agkus ◽  
Ramazan Coskun ◽  
Emine Alp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Ventilatory Support ◽  
H1n1 Influenza ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Central Anatolia ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Influenza A H1n1

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to describe the demographic and clinical features of hospitalized patients with the pandemic H1N1 influenza A virus infection in a tertiary care hospital in Central Anatolia, Turkey. The patients, all over 16 years of age and hospitalized for influenza-like symptoms between 1 November 2009 and 31 December 2009, were retrospectively identified from the records of the Infectious Diseases Department. Eighty patients whose diagnoses were confirmed by real-time PCR were included in this study. The median age of the patients was 27 years; 41 of them were male. Thirty-seven of the patients had a radiologically proven pneumonia. Eighteen of 37 (48.6%) patients with pneumonia had an underlying co-morbid medical condition, and 14 required intensive care unit admission. Patients with pneumonia had higher levels of C-reactive protein. All patients but one received oseltamivir treatment. Six patients with pneumonia received only antiviral therapy, while 31 of the patients with pneumonia received concomitant antibiotic therapy. Three patients who required mechanical ventilatory support died due to respiratory insufficinency. Although our study implicates the later periods of the pandemic, there were no significant differences for patients’ characteristics between our study and previous reports from the countries where the pandemic first occurred.

Epidemiological analysis of critically ill adult patients with pandemic influenza A(H1N1) in South Korea

2012 ◽  
Vol 141 (5) ◽  
pp. 1070-1079 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. B. HONG ◽  
E. Y. CHOI ◽  
S. H. KIM ◽  
G. Y. SUH ◽  
M. S. PARK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
H1n1 Influenza ◽  
Epidemiological Analysis ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Failure Assessment ◽  
2009 H1n1 ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Comorbidities

SUMMARYA total of 245 patients with confirmed 2009 H1N1 influenza were admitted to the intensive-care units of 28 hospitals (South Korea). Their mean age was 55·3 years with 68·6% aged >50 years, and 54·7% male. Nine were obese and three were pregnant. One or more comorbidities were present in 83·7%, and nosocomial acquisition occurred in 14·3%. In total, 107 (43·7%) patients received corticosteroids and 66·1% required mechanical ventilation. Eighty (32·7%) patients died within 30 days after onset of symptoms and 99 (40·4%) within 90 days. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the clinician's decision to prescribe corticosteroids, older age, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score and nosocomial bacterial pneumonia were independent risk factors for 90-day mortality. In contrast with Western countries, critical illness in Korea in relation to 2009 H1N1 was most common in older patients with chronic comorbidities; nosocomial acquisition occurred occasionally but disease in obese or pregnant patients was uncommon.

scholarly journals Multiple Myeloma, Clinical Characteristics, and Increased COVID-19 Risk Using Real-World Data

Blood ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 138 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 3778-3778
Author(s):  
Emily I. Liu ◽  
Nathan W. Sweeney ◽  
Jennifer M. Ahlstrom
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Severe Case ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Medical Conditions ◽  
Real World Data

Abstract Background: A question that was commonly investigated during the COVID-19 pandemic was which clinical characteristics would make one more susceptible to contracting COVID-19? This was especially a concern for those who were considered "high risk" as they would be more prone to suffering from more severe COVID-19 symptoms and at times even death. In this abstract, we investigated which clinical characteristics of multiple myeloma (MM) cancer patients could make them more prone to contracting COVID-19. We also investigated which of these conditions make patients more at risk for experiencing more severe COVID-19 symptoms (PMID: 32950467, PMID: 32353254). Knowing what medical conditions that would make a patient more at risk for contracting or experiencing a more severe case of COVID-19 has been a concern for many, especially for those who suffer from more severe health conditions such as cancer. Methods: MM patient data and demographics were collected through HealthTree ® Cure Hub for Multiple Myeloma. We analyzed medical conditions including hypertension, heart condition, neuropathy condition, and BMI. We also looked into lung condition, kidney condition, diabetes, stroke, smoking history, drug use history, HIV, and Mediterranean descent but did not include in the figure due to small population sizes. We determined whether a patient had to be hospitalized, admitted to the ICU, needed oxygen therapy, or needed a D-dimer test as a severe COVID-19 case. Multivariable logistic regressions were performed to quantify the risk for contracting COVID-19 for patients with specific medical conditions and which medical conditions made COVID-19 positive patients more at risk for experiencing a more severe case of COVID-19. Results: Out of the 962 patients that were involved in this study, we found that patients who were overweight were 2% more likely to contract COVID-19 than those who were not overweight. Other medical conditions did not increase the risk of contracting COVID-19. Furthermore, there were 35 patients that were involved in investigating how certain medical conditions may affect the severity of COVID-19 symptoms. We found that overweight patients were 12% more likely to suffer from more severe COVID-19 than those not overweight. Patients who suffered from neuropathy conditions were 3% more likely to experience a more severe COVID-19 case than those who do not have that condition. It is important to note that these results were not statistically significant, although are still informative. Conclusion: Our results show that MM patients who are overweight have a greater tendency to not only contract COVID-19 but experience a more severe case of COVID-19. Somewhat surprisingly, we found that patients who experience neuropathy, common among MM patients, had a higher tendency to experience a more severe case of COVID-19. We speculate whether MM patients, a high-risk group due to their immunocompromised state, took extra care to follow safety recommendations and caution to avoid contracting COVID-19. A logical next step would be to compare medical condition interactions to examine whether patients with more than one condition experience additive or synergistic risk, as well as comparing out results to other high-risk groups. These findings, although not statistically significant, may help MM patients identify which of their own medical conditions may put them more at risk for contracting COVID-19 and thus take precautionary measures. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Ahlstrom: Takeda: Other: Patient Advisory; Pfizer: Other: Patient Advisory; Janssen: Other: Patient Advisory; Bristol Myers Squibb: Other: Patient Advisory.

scholarly journals Administration of the Adjuvanted pH1N1 Vaccine in Egg-allergic Children at High Risk for Influenza A/H1N1 Disease

2011 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane E. SchulerCHEO ◽  
W. James King ◽  
Natalie L. Dayneka ◽  
Lynn Rastelli ◽  
Evelyn Marquis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza A H1n1

scholarly journals Contemporary Seasonal Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Infection Primes for a More Robust Response To Split Inactivated Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Vaccination in Ferrets

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 1998-2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali H. Ellebedy ◽  
Thomas P. Fabrizio ◽  
Ghazi Kayali ◽  
Thomas H. Oguin ◽  
Scott A. Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Pandemic Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Seasonal Influenza ◽  
H1n1 Virus ◽  
H1n1 Influenza ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Inactivated Vaccine ◽  
H1n1 Influenza Virus ◽  
Influenza A H1n1

ABSTRACT Human influenza pandemics occur when influenza viruses to which the population has little or no immunity emerge and acquire the ability to achieve human-to-human transmission. In April 2009, cases of a novel H1N1 influenza virus in children in the southwestern United States were reported. It was retrospectively shown that these cases represented the spread of this virus from an ongoing outbreak in Mexico. The emergence of the pandemic led to a number of national vaccination programs. Surprisingly, early human clinical trial data have shown that a single dose of nonadjuvanted pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 monovalent inactivated vaccine (pMIV) has led to a seroprotective response in a majority of individuals, despite earlier studies showing a lack of cross-reactivity between seasonal and pandemic H1N1 viruses. Here we show that previous exposure to a contemporary seasonal H1N1 influenza virus and to a lesser degree a seasonal influenza virus trivalent inactivated vaccine is able to prime for a higher antibody response after a subsequent dose of pMIV in ferrets. The more protective response was partially dependent on the presence of CD8+ cells. Two doses of pMIV were also able to induce a detectable antibody response that provided protection from subsequent challenge. These data show that previous infection with seasonal H1N1 influenza viruses likely explains the requirement for only a single dose of pMIV in adults and that vaccination campaigns with the current pandemic influenza vaccines should reduce viral burden and disease severity in humans.

scholarly journals A comparison of live and inactivated influenza A (H1N1) virus vaccines: Short-term immunity

1983 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Clark ◽  
C. W. Potter ◽  
R. Jennings ◽  
J. P. Nicholl ◽  
A. F. Langrick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
H1n1 Influenza ◽  
Live Attenuated Vaccine ◽  
Challenge Virus ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Aqueous Surface

SUMMARYGroups of volunteers were immunized subcutaneously with one of three inacti vated influenza virus A/USSR/77 (HlNl) vaccine preparations; a whole virus vaccine, a surface-antigen subunit adsorbed vaccine, or an aqueous surface-antigen subunit vaccine. The reactions to immunization were recorded, and the antibody response was measured 1 month later. A fourth group of volunteers were inoculated intranasally with live attentuated A/USSR/77 (H1N1) influenza virus; the reactions and antibody response of these volunteers were also measured. One month after immunization, the incidence of infection by challenge with homologous live attentuated virus was determined for all groups of volunteers. The results showed that all four vaccines used were relatively non-reactogenic, and that inactivated vaccines induced higher titres of serum antibody than the live attenuated vaccine. All the vaccines induced significant protection against challenge virus infection which was directly related to the level of serum HI antibody response.

Transmission and control in an institutional pandemic influenza A(H1N1) 2009 outbreak

2011 ◽  
Vol 140 (6) ◽  
pp. 1102-1110 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. ARINAMINPATHY ◽  
N. RAPHAELY ◽  
L. SALDANA ◽  
C. HODGEKISS ◽  
J. DANDRIDGE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Pandemic Influenza ◽  
Summer School ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Hygiene Measures ◽  
The Impact

SUMMARYA pandemic influenza A(H1N1) 2009 outbreak in a summer school affected 117/276 (42%) students. Residential social contact was associated with risk of infection, and there was no evidence for transmission associated with the classroom setting. Although the summer school had new admissions each week, which provided susceptible students the outbreak was controlled using routine infection control measures (isolation of cases, basic hygiene measures and avoidance of particularly high-risk social events) and prompt treatment of cases. This was in the absence of chemoprophylaxis or vaccination and without altering the basic educational activities of the school. Modelling of the outbreak allowed estimation of the impact of interventions on transmission. These models and follow-up surveillance supported the effectiveness of routine infection control measures to stop the spread of influenza even in this high-risk setting for transmission.

scholarly journals Quantifying the mortality caused by the H1N1 influenza virus during the 2009 pandemic in Mexico

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (06) ◽  
pp. 742-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eusebio Perez-Flores ◽  
Juan Carlos Izquierdo-Puente ◽  
Jose Juan Castillo-Perez ◽  
Gustavo Ramírez-Rosales ◽  
Israel Grijalva-Otero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
H1n1 Influenza ◽  
The United States ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Death Certificates ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Uniform Probability Distribution ◽  
Source Of Error

Introduction: The frequency and mortality of the pandemic caused by influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 might have been underestimated, especially in developing countries. This study was designed to quantify the possible underestimation of pandemic influenza mortality and evaluate the concordance between the data reported for A(H1N1)pdm09 mortality and the causes of death reported during the pandemic period of April 2009 to February 2010. Methodology: The death certificates of 754 confirmed cases of A(H1N1)pdm09 infection were included in the study. Data was analyzed using the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s statistical model accounts for the variability in the proportion at each step using the Monte Carlo probabilistic model sampled from a uniform probability distribution. Results: A total of 1,969 deaths were estimated, with an estimated lethality of 5.53 per 100,000 (range, 3.5-8.76 per 100,000) in contrast with the 754 deaths and a lethality of 1.98 per 100,000 infected patients officially reported. In 631 of 754 (83.7%) death certificates from A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza-positive patients, influenza was not mentioned as a cause of death. Conclusions: It is possible that the mortality of the pandemic was three times higher than officially reported in Mexico. One source of error that could explain this underestimation is in the completion of death certificates, because in > 80% of confirmed cases of infection with influenza virus, it was not reported as the cause of death.

scholarly journals Alterations of the Gut Microbiota in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 or H1N1 Influenza

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 2669-2678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silan Gu ◽  
Yanfei Chen ◽  
Zhengjie Wu ◽  
Yunbo Chen ◽  
Hainv Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
H1n1 Influenza ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Influenza A H1n1

Abstract Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging serious global health problem. Gastrointestinal symptoms are common in COVID-19 patients, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 RNA has been detected in stool specimens. However, the relationship between the gut microbiome and disease remains to be established. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of 30 patients with COVID-19, 24 patients with influenza A(H1N1), and 30 matched healthy controls (HCs) to identify differences in the gut microbiota by 16S ribosomal RNA gene V3–V4 region sequencing. Results Compared with HCs, COVID-19 patients had significantly reduced bacterial diversity; a significantly higher relative abundance of opportunistic pathogens, such as Streptococcus, Rothia, Veillonella, and Actinomyces; and a lower relative abundance of beneficial symbionts. Five biomarkers showed high accuracy for distinguishing COVID-19 patients from HCs with an area under the curve (AUC) up to 0.89. Patients with H1N1 displayed lower diversity and different overall microbial composition compared with COVID-19 patients. Seven biomarkers were selected to distinguish the 2 cohorts (AUC = 0.94). Conclusions The gut microbial signature of patients with COVID-19 was different from that of H1N1 patients and HCs. Our study suggests the potential value of the gut microbiota as a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for COVID-19, but further validation is needed.

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