scholarly journals Mumps antibody in the Thai population 17 years after the universal measles mumps rubella vaccination program

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (07) ◽  
pp. 735-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varisara Ngaovithunvong ◽  
Nasamon Wanlapakorn ◽  
Lita Tesapirat ◽  
Narrissara Suratannon ◽  
Yong Poovorawan
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Mmr Vaccine ◽  
School Students ◽  
Thai Population ◽  
Seropositivity Rate ◽  
Thai Adolescents ◽  
Dramatic Decline ◽  
Rubella Vaccination

Introduction: mumps vaccination implementation in the form of MMR – measles, mumps, and rubella) in Thailand for first-grade school students since 1997 and for infants 9–12 months of age since 2010 resulted in a dramatic decline in the incidence of and deaths from mumps. However, there has been a resurgence of mumps outbreaks in Thailand, even in vaccinated populations. Methodology: We aimed to determine the current seroprevalence of IgG antibodies to mumps in those 0–60 years of age from four different geographic areas of Thailand, and compare the results with our previous serosurvey in 2004. Results: Seropositivity rates in children 0–7 years of age increased significantly from 45.8% in 2004 to 72.3% in 2014 after the launch of the MMR vaccine for infants. In the 8–14-year age group who had received one dose of mumps vaccination, the seropositivity rate was 66.7%. In the 15–19-year age group the seropositivity rate was the lowest, at 52.5%. Discussion: Our findings correspond well with the vaccination schedules, as the highest seropositivity rate was found in children between 0 and 7 years of age. For those older than 7, there was a decline in seropositivity rate despite good vaccine coverage and reached its lowest in the 15–19-year age group. This suggested that certain population groups might be incompletely vaccinated, or the humoral immunity provided by vaccination gradually declined over time. Conclusions: We recommend a booster dose of MMR vaccine for Thai adolescents in order to prevent future mumps outbreaks.

scholarly journals Perspectives on the Measles, Mumps and Rubella Vaccination among Somali Mothers in Stockholm

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asha Jama ◽  
Mona Ali ◽  
Ann Lindstrand ◽  
Robb Butler ◽  
Asli Kulane
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Vaccine Safety ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Mmr Vaccine ◽  
Rubella Vaccination ◽  
Depth Interviews

Background: Vaccination hesitancy and skepticism among parents hinders progress in achieving full vaccination coverage. Swedish measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine coverage is high however some areas with low vaccination coverage risk outbreaks. This study aimed to explore factors influencing the decision of Somali parents living in the Rinkeby and Tensta districts of Stockholm, Sweden, on whether or not to vaccinate their children with the measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine. Method: Participants were 13 mothers of at least one child aged 18 months to 5 years, who were recruited using snowball sampling. In-depth interviews were conducted in Somali and Swedish languages and the data generated was analysed using qualitative content analysis. Both written and verbal informed consent were obtained from participants. Results: Seven of the mothers had not vaccinated their youngest child at the time of the study and decided to postpone the vaccination until their child became older (delayers). The other six mothers had vaccinated their child for MMR at the appointed time (timely vaccinators). The analysis of the data revealed two main themes: (1) barriers to vaccinate on time, included issues surrounding fear of the child not speaking and unpleasant encounters with nurses and (2) facilitating factors to vaccinate on time, included heeding vaccinating parents’ advice, trust in nurses and trust in God. The mothers who had vaccinated their children had a positive impact in influencing other mothers to also vaccinate. Conclusions: Fear, based on the perceived risk that vaccination will lead to autism, among Somali mothers in Tensta and Rinkeby is evident and influenced by the opinions of friends and relatives. Child Healthcare Center nurses are important in the decision-making process regarding acceptance of MMR vaccination. There is a need to address mothers’ concerns regarding vaccine safety while improving the approach of nurses as they address these concerns.

scholarly journals Misuse and addiction to mobile phone in a sample of first-grade secondary school students of Palermo

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Pizzo ◽  
C Costantino ◽  
D Giliberti ◽  
I Calò ◽  
C Vella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
School Students ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
Teenagers And Young Adults

Abstract Background Nowadays, smartphone overuse affects massively teenagers and young adults. From 2014 to 2018 in Italy, for the 11-17 years age group, there has been an increase from 79.9% to 85.8% of daily mobile phone users. This project aims to investigate usage prevalence and misuse/addiction of mobile phones in a representative sample of first-grade secondary school students of the Province of Palermo, Italy, carrying out educational interventions to promote a proper and conscious use of smartphone. Materials and Methods An anonymous, standardized and previously validated pre-intervention questionnaire consisting of 39 items on general socio-demographic characteristics, attitudes and habits regarding smartphone usage, was administered online to 10-15 years old students of the Palermo's Province. Moreover, two additional sets of 11 and 15 items contributed to calculate a Misuse and an Addiction Score, respectively. After administration, educational interventions aimed at promoting the correct and conscious use of the smartphone, were carried out. Results A total of 1600 students belonging to 16 schools, responded to the questionnaire. 93% of the sample had a personal smartphone and 84% had a personal profile on at least one social network. About 15% of the sample experienced cyber bullying episodes and 30% accessed to adult content online (38% of parents didn't set parental control on the devices). Overall, 78.3% of the sample showed a moderate to severe misuse and 38.3% a moderate to severe addiction to mobile phones. Conclusions The uncontrolled and unconscious use of smartphones among adolescents exposes to different health risks including psycho-social and cognitive-relational problems. Results obtained demonstrate high levels of misuse and addiction to mobile devices in a representative sample of students in a developed Country, suggesting the need to implement educational interventions and the development of guidelines to encourage a responsible use of smartphones. Key messages The present study highlights an uncontrolled and unconscious use of mobile phones among 11-15 years old aged students in Southern Italy. The implementation of educational intervention at school and the development of guidelines regulating smartphone usage among adolescents, should represent a future global health priority.

scholarly journals Perceptions and Knowledge About the MenB Vaccine Among Parents of High School Students

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Richardson ◽  
Kathleen A. Ryan ◽  
Robert M. Lawrence ◽  
Christopher A. Harle ◽  
Alyson Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Parent Report ◽  
Medical Decision ◽  
School Students ◽  
Vaccination Rates

AbstractSerogroup B meningococcal disease (MenB) causes almost 60% of meningitis cases among adolescents and young adults. Yet, MenB vaccine coverage among adolescents remains below 10%. Since parents are the primary medical decision makers for adolescents, we examined MenB vaccination rates and parent attitudes about meningitis and the MenB vaccine. In 2018, in conjunction with a county-wide, school-based immunization campaign, we conducted a mixed methods study among parents of 16- to 17-year-olds. We facilitated focus groups asking parents about their knowledge of meningitis and reactions to educational materials and sent behavioral surveys based on Health Belief Model constructs to parents through the county high school system. Parents in three focus groups (n = 8; participation rate = 13%) expressed confusion about their child’s need to receive the MenB vaccine in addition to the meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MenACWY), but conveyed strong trust in their physicians’ recommendation. Among survey participants (n = 170), 70 (41%) had heard of the MenB vaccine. Among those 70 parents, the most common barriers to vaccination were concerns about side effects (55%) and uncertainty of susceptibility due to receipt of the MenACWY vaccine (30%). The percentage of teens that received at least one dose of the MenB vaccine was 50% (n = 35) by parent report and 23% (n = 16) by state vaccination records. Parents demonstrated uncertainty and confusion about the MenB vaccine particularly due to the existence of another meningitis vaccine and limited health care provider recommendations. Confirmatory studies of parent confusion about the MenB vaccine are needed to develop interventions.

scholarly journals Risk of Absence of Measles Antibody in Healthcare Personnel and Efficacy of Booster Vaccination

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 501
Author(s):  
Chung-Jong Kim ◽  
Ji-Yun Bae ◽  
Kang-Il Jun ◽  
Hae-Sun Chung ◽  
Aeyeon Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Booster Vaccination ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Testing Time ◽  
Seroprevalence Rate ◽  
Mmr Vaccine ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Seropositivity Rate ◽  
History Of ◽  
Measles Vaccination ◽  
Measles Incidence

We aimed to identify the presence of the measles IgG antibody (mIgG-Ab) in healthcare personnel and finding out who needs the measles vaccination. The history of measles vaccination was obtained from the national vaccine registry. A baseline mIgG-Ab test was performed, and the measles vaccine was administered to participants who tested negative or equivocal for mIgG-Abs. During the study, 2885 (87.3%) of the 3303 employees were tested for measles serostatus. The baseline seropositivity rate for mIgG-Abs was 91.9%. Among the 234 seronegative cases, 82.9% were born after 1985. The seroprevalence rate was lower in those who received the measles–mumps–rubella (MMR) vaccine >10 years before the testing time, especially if they were born after 1985 and if there was only one previous record of vaccination. Among the 234 seronegative cases, MMR vaccination was administered in 174 cases, of which serostatus was evaluated in 146 cases. After the first dose, positive seroconversion was achieved in 126 participants (86.3%). After a second dose, 15 achieved (75.0%) positive seroconversion. In healthcare personnel born after the period when measles incidence significantly decreased, it may be necessary to reassess their immune status for measles if more than 10 years have elapsed since the last vaccination.

Risk as Value: A Switch of Set Hypothesis

1976 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 655-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
George W. Kelling ◽  
Rhea Zirkes ◽  
Deena Myerowitz
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
High School Students ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Age Group ◽  
School Students ◽  
Risky Shift

Advisers are expected to be cautious. Typical instructions in research on risky shift induce the adviser role. However, subjects may take the role of the story's hero when they can identify with the hero. It is acceptable for people to be daring when acting for themselves. This hypothesis of a switch of set predicts that subjects should consider themselves more risky than the majority of their peers, a way of expressing the value of risk, when they are similar to the story's hero. High school students rated themselves and the majority on stories dealing with situations common to their age group and on stories dealing with adult problems. Sex of hero was also manipulated. Results supported the hypothesis of a switch of set. Subjects displaced themselves more when the situation was similar to those they might face; in addition, subjects displaced themselves more when the story's hero was of their sex. No sex differences in general tendency to risky displacement were found.

Serological evidence for Babesia canis infection of horses and an endemic focus of B. caballi in Hungary

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Hornok ◽  
Renate Edelhofer ◽  
G. Földvári ◽  
Anja Joachim ◽  
R. Farkas
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Elisa ◽  
Babesia Canis ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Serological Evidence ◽  
Babesia Caballi ◽  
Seropositivity Rate ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Endemic Focus ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Level 1

In order to evaluate the seroconversion of horses to Babesia caballi and B. canis in Hungary, blood samples were collected from 371 animals on 23 different locations of the country. The presence of antibodies to B. caballi was screened with a competitive ELISA. All 29 positive samples came from one region (the Hortobágy). The prevalence of infection did not show correlation with sexes, and reached 100% in the age group of 2–5 years. Babesia canis -specific antibodies were demonstrated by IFAT in 6.74% of animals kept in 7 regions. The titres were low or medium level (1:40 to 1:160), indicating that the horses had previously been exposed to this piroplasm, but their infection must have been limited. The highest seropositivity rate was observed in the age group of 3–4 years, and males (stallions and geldings) were significantly more frequently infected than females. However, neither B. caballi nor B. canis could be identified in the peripheral blood samples of infected horses by PCR. Since most of the B. caballi -positive horses remained negative in the B. canis IFAT, whereas seroconversion solely to B. canis was detected in several regions of the country, serological cross-reaction between the two species can be discounted. This is the first serological evidence of horses being naturally infected with B. canis , supporting the view that piroplasms are less host specific than previously thought.

scholarly journals Rubella Antibody Levels in School-Aged Children in Newfoundland: Implications for a Two-Dose Rubella Vaccination Strategy

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Ratnam ◽  
Roy West ◽  
Veeresh Gadag ◽  
Brett Williams ◽  
Elizabeth Oates
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Vaccination Strategy ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Age Group ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Rubella Vaccination ◽  
The Impact

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevailing levels of rubella immunity among school-aged children who received a single dose of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine at one year of age.DESIGN: Cross-sectional study with a two stage cluster sampling of randomly picked schools across the province of Newfoundland.STUDY POPULATION AND METHODS: A total of 1053, five to 17-year-old children were enrolled; vaccination history was verified through official records; and a sample of blood was taken. Rubella immunity was determined by enzyme immunoassay based on a serum antibody protective cut-off titre of more than 10 IU.RESULTS: A total of 145 (13.8%) were found to be nonimmune. The rate of susceptibility ranged from 3.2% to 25.9% for different age groups. The proportion susceptible was significantly higher at 16.5% in the age group eight to 17 years old versus 3.9% for the age group five to eight years old (χ2=24.08; df=1, P<0.001). There was a significant regression of logarithm titre values on the age of children with an average decline in titre values of 8.1% per annum.CONCLUSIONS: A substantial number of those who were given a single dose of MMR II vaccine may not have protective immunity against rubella as they reach prime reproductive age. There is a definite need to consider a two-dose rubella vaccination strategy in Canada, and these data suggest the second dose given after eight years of age will be most beneficial. In the move towards a routine two-dose measles vaccination strategy in Canada, the MMR II vaccine is being used for the second dose and given either at 18 months of age or at school entry. While this approach will have an overall beneficial effect, the impact of the above timing of the second dose on long term rubella immunity cannot be predicted at this time. These data also underscore the continuing need for prenatal rubella screening program.

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