scholarly journals Adherence to Compulsory Vaccination during Coronavirus Disease-19 Pandemic in Egypt

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (A) ◽  
pp. 217-221
Author(s):  
Nermine N. Mahfouz ◽  
Walaa H. Ali ◽  
Maged A. El Wakeel ◽  
Thanaa M. Rabah ◽  
Alzahraa A. Elmowafi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Booster Dose ◽  
Routine Vaccination ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Immunization Schedule ◽  
Bacillus Calmette Guerin ◽  
Electronic Questionnaire ◽  
Compulsory Vaccination ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND: Nowadays, routine vaccination is taking the second rank after the emergence of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. The fear of catching COVID-19 rendered a lot of caregivers reluctant to give their child the obligatory vaccines. AIM: The goal of our research was to assess awareness, commitment and adherence to compulsory immunization schedule during COVID-19 lockdown in Egypt. MATERIALS (SUBJECTS) AND METHODS: An electronic questionnaire (Google form) was designed to evaluate the impact of the pandemic on adherence to compulsory vaccinations. Our target candidates were parents of infants in an age group from birth to 2 years old, that is, births from June 2018 to June 2020. RESULTS: In our study, 96.3% of children received Bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccine on time. About 32.8% did not receive the obligatory booster dose vaccines at 18 months. Among the infants of >1 year, 95.3% received the obligatory vaccination in time at 2, 4, and 6 months of age compared to only 73.3% of those ≤1 year (P = 0.001). About 23% of those who missed the vaccine preferred to postpone until outbreak ended while, 27.2% missed vaccination due to fear of catching COVID-19. CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected the adherence to compulsory vaccines in Egypt. Therefore, it is mandatory to organize a plan to catch up the missed vaccines.

scholarly journals Modelling pertussis transmission to evaluate the effectiveness of an adolescent booster in Argentina

2012 ◽  
Vol 141 (4) ◽  
pp. 718-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. FABRICIUS ◽  
P. E. BERGERO ◽  
M. E. ORMAZABAL ◽  
A. L. MALTZ ◽  
D. F. HOZBOR
Keyword(s):  
Booster Dose ◽  
Deterministic Model ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Vulnerable Group ◽  
Vaccination Strategies ◽  
Epidemiological Features ◽  
Age Structured ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

SUMMARYDue to the current epidemiological situation of pertussis, several countries have implemented vaccination strategies that include a booster dose for adolescents. Since there is still no evidence showing that the adolescent booster has a positive effect on the most vulnerable group represented by infants, it is difficult to universalize the recommendation to include such reinforcement. In this work we present an age-structured compartmental deterministic model that considers the outstanding epidemiological features of the disease in order to assess the impact of the booster dose at age 11 years (Tdap booster) to infants. To this end, we performed different parameterizations of the model that represent distinct possible epidemiological scenarios. The results obtained show that the inclusion of a single Tdap dose at age 11 years significantly reduces the incidence of the disease within this age group, but has a very low impact on the risk group (0–1 year). An effort to improve the coverage of the first dose would have a much greater impact on infants. These results hold in the 18 scenarios considered, which demonstrates the robustness of these conclusions.

scholarly journals P484 Remote monitoring allows an individualized approach and showed excellent usability at the infusion unit

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S472-S473
Author(s):  
L Fierens ◽  
P Geens ◽  
E De Dycker ◽  
A Paps ◽  
T Lambrechts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Activity ◽  
Clinical Remission ◽  
Biologic Therapy ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Stool Frequency ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Electronic Questionnaire ◽  
Individualized Approach ◽  
The Impact ◽  
New System

Abstract Background Given the high impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL), IBD patients may benefit from continued monitoring by specialized caregivers. Patient-reported outcomes (PRO) can be collected through telemedicine in a reliable way, allowing to monitor patients even in between hospital visits and supporting patient-physician interaction. The aim of this study was to implement an electronic questionnaire into routine clinical practice and to explore its added value. Methods Since May 2020, all IBD patients visiting the infusion unit of our tertiary referral centre (+/- 130 patients/week) receive an electronic questionnaire one week prior to their visit. Questions about disease activity are included through the two-component PRO (PRO2), and about HRQoL in form of the IBD Disk, which visually shows the impact of disease on ten different health domains over time (lower scores seen in quiescent disease). Based on PRO2 scores, clinical remission was defined as a liquid stool frequency ≤1 and an abdominal pain score ≤1 in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD), and as a stool frequency score ≤1 and no rectal bleeding in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). We evaluated PROs and participation rate, and the System Usability Scale (SUS) was used to evaluate usability of the new system. Results In Jan-Feb 2021, a total of 447 unique IBD patients completed the full questionnaire at least once [48.0% participation rate, 62.9% CD, 53.0% male, median age (IQR) 46.5 (33.8–56.8) years, 94,9% on biologic therapy, 61.5% in clinical remission, Figure 1]. No association was found between sex, age (group) or IBD type and adherence to the questionnaire. Median (IQR) IBD Disk scores were significantly lower for remitters versus non-remitters [11 (3–25) vs. 40 (21–59), p<0.001]. The most affected health dimension in all patients regardless of remission state was energy with differences for remitters [median (IQR) 2 (0–5)] and non-remitters [median (IQR) 6 (3–8)]. Whereas all ten health dimensions of the IBD Disk were highly correlated with disease activity (p<0.001, Figure 2), no correlation was found with disease type, sex, age (group) or type of biologic therapy. In Feb 2021, 375 patients of the same cohort were randomly invited to complete the SUS. A median (IQR) SUS score of 85 (71.25–91.25) was found, indicating excellent usability of the new system (n=113). Conclusion The results show high correlation between disease activity and the impact on HRQoL, especially energy levels. Based on these PROs a more individualized approach at the infusion unit could be installed. This system is currently also implemented for IBD patients who do not visit the infusion unit but receive oral or subcutaneous therapy or no maintenance therapy.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 Disruptions on Global BCG Coverage and Paediatric TB Mortality: A Modelling Study

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1228
Author(s):  
Nabila Shaikh ◽  
Puck T. Pelzer ◽  
Sanne M. Thysen ◽  
Partho Roy ◽  
Rebecca C. Harris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Bacillus Calmette Guerin ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Influential Variable ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Paediatric Tuberculosis ◽  
Urgent Action

The impact of COVID-19 disruptions on global Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) coverage and paediatric tuberculosis (TB) mortality is still unknown. To fill this evidence-gap and guide mitigation measures, we estimated the impact of COVID-19 disruptions on global BCG coverage and paediatric TB mortality. First, we used data from multiple sources to estimate COVID-19-disrupted BCG vaccination coverage. Second, using a static mathematical model, we estimated the number of additional paediatric TB deaths in the first 15 years of life due to delayed/missed vaccinations in 14 scenarios—varying in duration of disruption, and magnitude and timing of catch-up. We estimated a 25% reduction in global BCG coverage within the disruption period. The best-case scenario (3-month disruption, 100% catch-up within 3 months) resulted in an additional 886 (0.5%) paediatric TB deaths, and the worst-case scenario (6-month disruption with no catch-up) resulted in an additional 33,074 (17%) deaths. The magnitude of catch-up was found to be the most influential variable in minimising excess paediatric TB mortality. Our results show that ensuring catch-up vaccination of missed children is a critical priority, and delivery of BCG alongside other routine vaccines may be a feasible way to achieve catch-up. Urgent action is required to support countries with recovering vaccination coverages to minimise paediatric deaths.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID19 on routine immunization: A cross-sectional study in Senegal

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amadou Sow ◽  
Modou Gueye ◽  
Djibril Boiro ◽  
Idrissa Demba Ba ◽  
Abou Ba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Routine Vaccination ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Movements ◽  
Public Health Policies ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Prevention Methods ◽  
The Impact

The COVID 19 pandemic has prompted the world to implement drastic prevention methods based on limiting population movements that have an impact on public health policies such as vaccination. The objective of this work was to evaluate the impact of these prevention measures on routine vaccination in hospitals since the advent of the pandemic in Senegal. Methodology: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study carried out in August 2020 in the vaccination unit of the Abass NDAO hospital centre. We compared data from the vaccination unit during the period from March to August of the last three years (2018, 2019 and 2020). The parameter studied was the number of vaccine doses administered for the different periods according to the expanded programme of immunization. Results: For the vaccines administered in the sixth week in April, the number of doses was 36 in 2018, 29 in 2019 and 15 in 2020, i.e. a 50% drop compared to March. In July the number of doses administered was 40 in 2018, 35 in 2019 and 15 in 2020, a reduction of 42% compared to 2019. Conclusion: Measures to fight this pandemic should not make us forget routine vaccination, especially in our resource-constrained countries. It is essential to continue vaccination for children and to identify children who have missed vaccine doses for catch-up. Keywords: COVID19, Vaccination, Impact, Children, Senegal

scholarly journals Randomized, Open-Label Study of the Impact of Age on Booster Responses to the 10-Valent Pneumococcal Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae Protein D Conjugate Vaccine in Children in India

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 1292-1300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay Lalwani ◽  
Sukanta Chatterjee ◽  
Jugesh Chhatwal ◽  
Anna Simon ◽  
Sudheer Ravula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Booster Dose ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTIn this phase III, open-label, multicenter, and descriptive study in India, children primed with 3 doses (at ages 6, 10, and 14 weeks) of the 10-valent pneumococcal nontypeableHaemophilus influenzaeprotein D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV) were randomized (1:1) to receive a booster dose at 9 to 12 (early booster) or 15 to 18 months old (late booster) in order to evaluate impact of age at booster. We also evaluated a 2-dose catch-up vaccination plus an experimental booster dose in unprimed children age 12 to 18 months. The early booster, late booster, and catch-up vaccinations were administered to 74, 95, and 87 children, respectively; 66, 71, and 81 children, respectively, were included in the immunogenicity according-to-protocol cohort. One month postbooster, for each PHiD-CV serotype, ≥95.2% (early booster) and ≥93.8% (late booster) of the children had antibody concentrations of ≥0.2 μg/ml; ≥96.7% and ≥93.0%, respectively, had opsonophagocytic activity (OPA) titers of ≥8. The postbooster antibody geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) were in similar ranges for early and late boosters; the OPA titers appeared to be lower for most PHiD-CV serotypes (except 6B and 19F) after the early booster. After dose 2 and postbooster, for each PHiD-CV serotype, ≥88.6% and ≥96.3%, respectively, of the catch-up immunogenicity according-to-protocol cohort had antibody concentrations of ≥0.2 μg/ml; ≥71.4% and ≥90.6%, respectively, had OPA titers of ≥8. At least 1 serious adverse event was reported by 2 children in the early booster (skin infection and gastroenteritis) and 1 child in the catch-up group (febrile convulsion and urinary tract infection); all were resolved, and none were considered by the investigators to be vaccine related. PHiD-CV induced robust immune responses regardless of age at booster. Booster vaccination following 2 catch-up doses induced robust immune responses indicative of effective priming and immunological memory. (These studies have been registered atwww.clinicaltrials.govunder registration no. NCT01030822 and NCT00814710; a protocol summary is available atwww.gsk-clinicalstudyregister.com[study ID 112909]).

scholarly journals The Hib immunization programme in the Oxford region: an analysis of the impact of vaccine administration on the incidence of disease

1999 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. COEN ◽  
P. T. HEATH ◽  
G. P. GARNETT
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Booster Dose ◽  
Acquired Immunity ◽  
Immunization Schedule ◽  
Type B ◽  
Vaccine Administration ◽  
Immunization Programme ◽  
The Impact

In May 1991 an immunization programme against Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) infection began within the Oxford region. We validate a deterministic mathematical model of Hib by comparison with the incidence of disease in the Oxford region, 1985–97. The comparison of model results with observed outcome allows an exploration of some of the poorly understood properties of the immunization programme. Model results and observed incidence are consistent with a vaccine that blocks the acquisition of carriage. Similarly, the data suggest that factors other than experience of Hib carriage are likely to have generated acquired immunity to Hib disease prior to the introduction of vaccination. Hence it is unlikely that waning of vaccine-derived protection will result in a resurgence of disease. The inclusion in the immunization schedule of a booster dose, as used in other countries, would have provided very little extra benefit.

Impact Of Modernization Among College Students In Prayagraj District, Uttar Pradesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Purvi Nishad ◽  
Anjali Mathur ◽  
Anshu ◽  
Nisha Chacko
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Adolescent Boys ◽  
The Impact

The present study was to assess the impact of modernization among the college students across gender, socio cultural settings and socio economic groups among adolescent boys and girls in the age group of 17 to 21 year.

Characteristics of monitored diabetic patients by glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c)

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (05) ◽  
pp. 4563
Author(s):  
Tariq A. Zafar
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Glycated Haemoglobin ◽  
Poor Glycemic Control ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Hba1c Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
The Impact

Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) test indicates the blood glucose levels for the previous two to three months. Using HbA1c test may overcome many of the practical issues and prevent infections such as urinary tract infections (UTIs). The study aimed to evaluate the impact of glycemic control using HbA1c test to understand patient characteristics and UTIs prevalence. Glycemic control was evaluated by measuring HbA1c for a total of 208 diabetes patients who were regularly attending diabetes center in Al-Noor specialist hospital in Makkah.  The results showed that good and moderate glycemic controlled patients were 14.9% and 16.9% respectively while the poor glycemic patients were 68.3%. Among the good improved glycemic control, 83.9% were females, 48.4% were from age group (15-44y). Among the moderately improved glycemic control, 68.4% were females, 54.3% were from age group (45-64 y) with no significant difference. The total number of the patients with positive UTIs was 55 (26.4%) while the total number of patients with negative was UTIs 153 (73.6%). Among the positive UTIs, 76.3% were with poor glycemic control while only 12.3% and 11% were moderate and good improved glycemic control respectively. Among the negative UTIs, 65.3% were with poor glycemic control while only 19% and 15.7% were with moderate and good improved glycemic control respectively.  Prevalence of UTIs among diabetic patients was not significant (p > 0.05). It was concluded that HbA1c was useful monitoring tool for diabetes mellitus and may lead to improved outcomes. Using a HbA1c test may overcome many of the practical issues that affect the blood glucose tests.

scholarly journals Even Pacing Is Associated with Faster Finishing Times in Ultramarathon Distance Trail Running—The “Ultra-Trail du Mont Blanc” 2008–2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (19) ◽  
pp. 7074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Suter ◽  
Caio Victor Sousa ◽  
Lee Hill ◽  
Volker Scheer ◽  
Pantelis Theo Nikolaidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Linear Model ◽  
Performance Level ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Pacing Strategies ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Group Sex ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Trail Running ◽  
One Way Anova

In recent years, there has been an increasing number of investigations analyzing the effects of sex, performance level, and age on pacing in various running disciplines. However, little is known about the impact of those factors on pacing strategies in ultramarathon trail running. This study investigated the effects of age, sex, and performance level on pacing in the UTMB® (Ultra-trail du Mont Blanc) and aimed to verify previous findings obtained in the research on other running disciplines and other ultramarathon races. Data from the UTMB® from 2008 to 2019 for 13,829 race results (12,681 men and 1148 women) were analyzed. A general linear model (two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA)) was applied to identify a sex, age group, and interaction effect in pace average and pace variation. A univariate model (one-way ANOVA) was used to identify a sex effect for age, pace average, and pace variation for the fastest men and women. In our study, pace average and a steadier pace were positively correlated. Even pacing throughout the UTMB® correlated with faster finishing times. The average pace depended significantly on sex and age group. When considering the top five athletes in each age group, sex and age group also had significant effects on pace variation. The fastest women were older than the fastest men, and the fastest men were faster than the fastest women. Women had a higher pace variation than men. In male competitors, younger age may be advantageous for a successful finish of the UTMB®. Faster male runners seemed to be younger in ultramarathon trail running with large changes in altitude when compared to other distances and terrains.

scholarly journals 996. The Potential for Reducing Opioid and Analgesic Prescriptions Via Herpes Zoster Vaccination

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S527-S527
Author(s):  
Jean-Etienne Poirrier ◽  
Justin Carrico ◽  
Jessica K DeMartino ◽  
Katherine A Hicks ◽  
Jeffrey J Stoddard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Zoster ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Opioid Prescription ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Effectiveness Model ◽  
Prescription Rates ◽  
Medication Exposure ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Analgesic Use

Abstract Background Herpes zoster (HZ), or shingles, is a common neurocutaneous disease caused by the reactivation of latent varicella zoster virus that often includes rash and neuropathic pain that may last for months. Opioids and other analgesics may be prescribed. Recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV) is preferentially recommended for the prevention of HZ in adults aged 50 years and older. This study aimed to assess the impact of RZV vaccination on opioid and other analgesic prescription-related outcomes. Methods Estimates of analgesic prescription rates (opioids, benzodiazepines, and other analgesics) among HZ cases were established using Truven claims data from 2012-2018 for adults aged 50 years and older. HZ case avoidance with RZV vaccination was calculated using a previously published cost-effectiveness model. This data was included in a calculator assessing the impact of RZV vaccination on analgesic prescription-related outcomes (compared to no vaccination). Results Between 24.4% and 28.0% of HZ cases in the observed claims had at least one opioid prescription, dependent on age group (4.5%-6.5% and 8.6%-19.6% for benzodiazepines and other analgesics, respectively). The mean number of opioid prescriptions per person in each age group with at least one opioid prescription was between 1.7 and 1.9 (1.7-2.3 and 1.7-2.0 prescriptions for benzodiazepines and other analgesics, respectively). Assuming a 1-million-person population and 65% RZV coverage, the calculator predicts RZV vaccination will prevent 75,002 cases of HZ and will prevent 19,311 people from being prescribed at least 1 HZ-related opioid, 4,502 people from being prescribed benzodiazepines, and 12,201 people from being prescribed other analgesics. Additionally, 34,520 HZ-related opioid prescriptions will be avoided (9,413 benzodiazepine prescriptions; 22,406 other analgesic prescriptions). Conclusion HZ is associated with high levels of opioid, benzodiazepine, and other analgesic use. Primary prevention of HZ by vaccination could potentially reduce opioid and other medication exposure. Disclosures Jean-Etienne Poirrier, PhD, MBA, The GSK group of companies (Employee, Shareholder) Justin Carrico, BS, GlaxoSmithKline (Consultant) Jessica K. DeMartino, PhD, The GlaxoSmithKline group of companies (Employee, Shareholder) Katherine A. Hicks, MS, BSPH, GlaxoSmithKline (Scientific Research Study Investigator, GSK pays my company for my contractual services.) Saurabh P. Nagar, MS, RTI Health Solutions (Employee) Juliana Meyers, MA, GlaxoSmithKline (Other Financial or Material Support, This study was funded by GlaxoSmithKline.)

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