scholarly journals The Value of Ultrasound Elastography in Diffuse Thyroid Disease among a Sample of Iraqi Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (B) ◽  
pp. 1647-1653
Author(s):  
Hiba Mohammed Abdulwahid ◽  
Lubna Ali Hussien ◽  
Areege Mustafa Kamal
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Disease ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Strain Ratio ◽  
Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Ultrasound Elastography ◽  
Radiology Department ◽  
Medical City ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background: Early detection of many thyroid disorders is essential in the management. Ultrasound elastography is beneficial in the assessment of diffuse thyroid diseases.      Aim of study: To assess the role of ultrasound strain elastography in the diagnosis of diffuse non nodular thyroid disease in comparison to healthy controls and in the characterization and differentiation of the types of diffuse thyroid diseases. Patients and methods: It is a prospective analytic study performed in the Radiology Department of Oncology Teaching Hospital/Medical city Complex in Baghdad during the period from 1st of December 2019 to 30th of June, 2020 on convenient sample of 25 patients with diffuse thyroid disease, in addition to a sample of 25 healthy control persons. The diagnosis of diffuse thyroid diseases was made by combination of clinical symptoms, laboratory investigations and thyroid ultrasound. Results: The mean elastography strain ratio (1.36) of patients with diffuse thyroid disease was significantly higher than (0.82) mean of elastography strain ratio for healthy control persons (p<0.001). The acceptable cutoff elastography strain ratio in the diagnosis of diffuse thyroid disease was 0.89 with validity results (80% sensitivity, 70% specificity and 75% accuracy). The mean elastography strain ratio for patients with Hashimotos thyroiditis was significantly higher than the strain ratio of patients with Graves disease (p=0.002). Conclusions: The ultrasound elastography is useful in the assessment and characterization of diffuse thyroid disease. The ultrasound elastography strain ratio value is helpful in differentiation between different diffuse thyroid diseases especially between Hashimotos thyroiditis and Graves's disease

scholarly journals The Evaluation of Benign Acute Childhood Myositis by Ultrasound Elastography

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 205-209
Author(s):  
Gülay Güngör ◽  
Olcay Güngör
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Strain Ratio ◽  
Muscle Stiffness ◽  
Ultrasound Elastography ◽  
Radiology Department ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Objective:   Herein, we aimed to determine the diagnostic contribution of ultrasound elastography (UE) technique to the assessment of muscle stiffness in pediatric patients with myositis. Material and Methods: This study enrolled 16 patients who presented to our hospital’s Pediatric Neurology Outpatient Clinic with the complaint of inability to walk and who had a clinical presentation of benign acute childhood myositis (BACM). The patients were referred to the Radiology Department to undergo muscle ultrasonography (USG), where they underwent UE of the gastrocnemius muscle (GCM). Results: Children with myositis and healthy children are similar age (7.06 ± 1.52 year (5–11) vs. 7.00 ± 1.59 year (5–11) year) (P: 0.908) and body mass index (BMI) (20.04 ± 1.58 (18.6–24.2) vs. 22.08 ± 1.43 (19.9–24.4) (P: 0.946). The mean serum creatine kinase (CK) was measured as 1520.3 ± 1163.6 U/L (min: 456,  max:4100) in children with myositis. In the children with myositis, the thickness of the medial and lateral GCM increased compared with that in control group (medial; 18.15 ± 3.02 mm vs 13.10 ± 2.26 mm, p<0.001, lateral; 13.51 ± 3.07 mm vs 9.34 ± 1.86 mm, p<0.001). The medial and lateral GCM ratio in group 1 was slight bigger than that in group 2 (medial; 1.10 ± 0.37 vs 1.00 ± 0.34, p: 0.274, lateral; 1.22 ± 0.44 vs 1.10 ± 0.29, p: 0.243). GCM strain values were mildly elevated in patients with myositis compared to controls. Conclusion: In the children with myositis, the thickness of the medial and lateral GCM increased compared with that in control group. GCM strain ratio values were slightly higher in myositis patients compared to the control group. We think that the increase in muscle thickness values is mainly secondary to the edema seen in myositis. In addition, UE is a clinically applicable quantitative analysis for changes in myositis.

scholarly journals Is ultrasound elastography adding value in diagnosis of focal hepatic lesions? Our experience in a single-center study

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Doaa M. Emara ◽  
Mohamed M. El Shafei ◽  
Ahmed El-Gendi ◽  
Amany A. Yousif
Keyword(s):  
Strain Ratio ◽  
Ultrasound Elastography ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Radiology Department ◽  
Benign Lesions ◽  
Grey Scale ◽  
Focal Hepatic Lesions ◽  
Malignant Lesions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hepatic Lesions

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to assess the use of ultrasound elastography in differentiating hepatic lesions in order to increase the sensitivity and specificity of grey-scale ultrasound. Methods This study included 104 patients who were referred to the radiology department at Alexandria Main University Hospital for focal hepatic lesions detected by grey-scale ultrasound and were recommended to undergo further evaluation by ultrasound elastography. All studied patients were subjected to the following: (1) grey-scale ultrasound and ultrasound elastography using semiquantitative technique and (2) triphasic MDCT of the liver. MRI was done in 11 patients with malignant lesions; further confirmation with histopathological assessment was conducted. Results Benign lesions showed a low strain ratio, while malignant lesions showed a high strain ratio. The mean ratio in the benign lesions was 1.08 ± 0.40, while the mean ratio in the malignant lesions was 4.14 ± 1.25. The cut-off value used to diagnose the malignant lesions and differentiate these lesions from the benign lesions was 1.7, which had a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 93.10%, PPV of 97.40% and NPV of 100%. Conclusion Ultrasound elastography is a promising non-invasive, non-contrast technique that can be added to routine grey-scale sonographic examinations of the liver to characterize hepatic lesions.

scholarly journals Studying the Role of C-Reactive Protein in Patients with Sleeve Gastrectomy in Baghdad

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
Mohammed Abbas Fadil ◽  
Raya Ezat Maroof ◽  
Moayed Abbas Fadil
Keyword(s):  
Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽  
Healthy Person ◽  
Control Group ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Medical City ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
And Control

Obesity and severe obesity are increasing serious health problems with an epidemic percentage in most countries. In Sleeve gastrectomy, a part of the stomach structure is removed, limiting its capacity by about two to three. A total of thirty blood samples were collected from patients with obesity and the result was compared with healthy person throughout the time from November 2019 to September 2020. Before sleeve gastrectomy and after more than 6 months of sleeve surgery, the sample was collected from the Medical City/Baghdad Teaching Hospital, the withdrawal was again taken at home to have pre and post sleeve gastrectomy, Patient age ranged between [20-46] years for obese patients and healthy control. Then the serum samples were obtained from patients and control group to screen for C-reactive protein by agglutination method. The result of the present study found that the positivity of CRP in pre-operation is higher than that of post-operative with high significance [P<0.005].

scholarly journals Study of the Immunological Status of Iraqi Vitiligo Patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 454-462
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Serum ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Vitiligo is an acquired idiopathic skin disorder characterized by depigmented macules due to loss of cutaneous melanocytes. A potential role of the immune dysfunction has been suggested in vitiligo, so to test this hypothesis, certain cytokines (IL-17A and TNF-?) and immunoglobulins (IgM, IgG, IgA and total IgE) were investigated in all participants. The study included: 60 patients with age range between (6-55) year; 30(11 males and 19 females) were untreated and 30(12 males and 18 females) were treated with Narrow Band Ultraviolet-B (NB-UVB) and 30 (14 males and 16 females) apparently healthy control. Serum was separated and cytokines (IL-17A and TNF-?) and total immunoglobulin E (IgE) were detected by using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA); while immunoglobulins (IgM, IgG and IgA) were detected by using Single Radial Immunodiffusion (SRID) method. The results showed that the mean levels of serum IL-17A and TNF-? in both untreated and NB-UVB treated vitiligo patients were increased significantly (p ? 0.05) as compared with healthy control. The mean levels of serum IgG and IgA in untreated vitiligo patients showed non significant decreased (P

scholarly journals The role of selenium in the pathogenesis of thyroid disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 192-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina A. Troshina ◽  
Evgeniya S. Senyushkina ◽  
Maria A. Terekhova
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Thyroid Disease ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Combined Deficiency

The past few years have been actively discussing the role of individual macro- and micronutrients as factors regulating the functional activity of organs and systems and reducing the risk of developing a number of diseases, including thyroid diseases. Selenium is one of the most important and intensively studied at present microelements. According to several studies, its low plasma level is associated with an increased risk of developing autoimmune thyroid diseases. In animal experiments, it was shown that a combined deficiency of selenium and iodine leads to more pronounced hypothyroidism than iodine deficiency alone. Some authors believe that cretinism in the newborn is a consequence of the combined deficiency of these two elements in the mother. It is also important that the optimal level of selenium is necessary both to initiate an immune response and to regulate an excessive immune response, as well as chronic inflammation. The review article discusses the relationship between selenium and thyroid pathology, discusses the role of selenium in the physiology of the thyroid gland and in the development of autoimmune diseases. The biochemical aspects of the pathogenesis of thyroid disease are presented.

scholarly journals The role of Fas-mediated apoptosis in thyroid disease

2001 ◽  
pp. 561-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Andrikoula ◽  
A Tsatsoulis
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Disease ◽  
Hashimoto’S Thyroiditis ◽  
Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Thyroid Cell ◽  
Thyroid Cells ◽  
Soluble Fas

Recent evidence has emphasized the importance of apoptosis in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis and the pathogenesis of malignant and immune diseases. Autoimmune thyroid diseases such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease, as well as other autoimmune endocrine diseases, have been associated with dysregulation of apoptotic signaling pathways. In particular, dysfunction of the Fas apoptotic pathway or production of soluble factors including soluble Fas and soluble Fas ligand may be involved in the pathogenesis of these disorders. On the other hand, malignant thyroid cells may avoid Fas-mediated suicide possibly by expression of inhibitors of apoptosis and evade the immune system by inducing apoptosis on infiltrating lymphocytes. The delicate balance between cell proliferation and cell death through the Fas pathway may also play an important role in the control of thyroid cell mass and goitrogenesis. This review analyzes the current evidence on the role of Fas-mediated apoptosis in the pathogenesis of thyroid diseases including Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Graves' disease, thyroid cancer and goiter. However, the exact mechanisms involved in the regulation of apoptosis in thyroid disease remain unclear. Further investigation is needed.

scholarly journals Elastography evaluation of normal thyroid gland and its comparison with diffuse non nodular enlarged thyroid gland using strain ultrasound elastography

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1435
Author(s):  
Sanjay Kumar ◽  
Vishal Kumar Jain ◽  
Ashutosh Gupta ◽  
Satya Bhuvan Singh Netam ◽  
Nilesh Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Disease ◽  
Anterior Part ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Ultrasound Elastography ◽  
Radiology Department ◽  
Normal Thyroid ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Thyroid Swelling

Background: The thyroid gland is located in the anterior part of neck, spanning between C5 and T1 vertebra and is located anterior to the thyroid and cricoids cartilage of larynx and first three tracheal rings. Ultrasonography has been widely used for diagnosis of thyroid disease it is highly regarded for its ease of use, real-time capability, portability and low cost.Methods: The current observational study was conducted in Department of Radiology, Dr. BRAM Hospital, Pt. JNM Medical College, Raipur, India. Consecutive sampling method was used for the study. All the cases coming to radiology department during the study period were taken as study subjects.Results: Of the normal subjects, author found 107 normal thyroid subjects and 53 patients were categorized into cases with diffuse non-nodular thyroid swelling groups. Of the diffuse thyroid swelling group about 85% of the study population is between 20-50 years of age group, 13.2% were <20 years of age and one patient is >50 years of age. Females to male ratio for diffuse thyroid disease is 3.4:1.Conclusions: Ultrasound elastography (USE) is a newly developed non-invasive method to evaluate and compare the elasticity of the thyroid gland and other organs like liver, prostate, parotid, breast pathologies. Its use is based on the principle that pathological changes in a tissue also changes its elasticity.

scholarly journals The Role of Medical Staff in Shaping the Nutrition Habits in Patients with Autoimmunization Thyroid Diseases in Poland.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Czubek ◽  
Piotr Romaniuk ◽  
Klaudia Alcer ◽  
Mirjana Varjacic
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Disease ◽  
Medical Staff ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid Disease ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid

Abstract Background: Autoimmune thyroid diseases are the most common diseases in humans. Their pathogenesis is complex. Patients are searching for ways of coping with them condition, including diet modifications. The aim of this study was to assess the role of medical personnel in shaping eating habits in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease based on experiences declared by patients. Methods: There were 208 people that took part in the study, of which 205 were qualified for final analysis. The results showed that patients most often choose online sources, while medical personnel rank second as the source of information on dietary recommendations.Results: People with thyroid disease are statistically more likely to use dietitian advice than people without thyroid disease. The highest percentage of respondents decided to modify their nutrition due to their own initiative. In addition, patients with autoimmune thyroid disease are statistically more likely to consider changing their diet to improve their well-being. The connection between the source of advice and modification of eating behaviour was also noted.Conclusion: Thanks to the joint effort of medical staff, patients can receive reliable knowledge about their disease, treatment and nutrition adapted to their needs.Trial registration: approved by the Bioethics Committee of Medical University of Silesia in Katowice (opinion no.: PCN/0022/KB1/80/2).

Importance of the FcγRIIa-Arg/His-131 Polymorphism in Heparin-induced Thrombocytopenia Diagnosis

1998 ◽  
Vol 79 (03) ◽  
pp. 523-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphaël Saffroy ◽  
Dominique Lasne ◽  
Gilles Chatellier ◽  
Martine Aiach ◽  
Francine Rendu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serotonin Release ◽  
Positive Answer ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Normal Donor ◽  
Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia ◽  
Weak Association ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Release Assay ◽  
The Mean

SummaryHeparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) involves heparin-dependent antibodies which induce platelet activation. In the present study, we searched for a relationship between the polymorphism of the Fc receptor (FcγRIIa) and the development of HIT. In this purpose, all the donors were genotyped for their FcγRIIA and HIT patients were selected on the basis of at least one positive answer by 14C-serotonin release assay (SRA). The frequency distribution of the FcγRIIa polymorphism in the HIT patient group was similar to that observed in the healthy control group. Moreover, a statistical analysis taking into account our results and those of 3 previously published studies, suggested at most only a weak association between HIT and the FcγRIIa-131 polymorphism.Laboratory tests used to diagnose HIT rely on the activation of normal donor platelets but fail to detect every HIT positive patient. We determined the role of FcγRIIa-131 polymorphism on the reactivity of control platelets to HIT plasmas. When control platelet FcγRIIa-131 was of Arg/Arg form, only 47% of the HIT plasmas were positive by SRA, compared to 81% and 74% for His/His or His/Arg forms, respectively. We also compared the level of anti PF4/heparin antibodies in the HIT plasmas with the response obtained by SRA. The mean anti PF4/heparin antibodies level in HIT plasma was significantly lower in negative SRA than in positive tests when using control platelets from FcγRIIa-Arg/Arg131 and heterozygous donors. Thus, the variability of control platelets to respond to HIT plasmas in the SRA test is related to both the FcγRIIa-131 polymorphism, and to the amount of anti PF4/heparin antibodies.

Urine protein, urine protein to creatinine ratio and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase index in cats with idiopathic cystitis vs healthy control cats

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 869-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isadee Panboon ◽  
Sariya Asawakarn ◽  
Rosama Pusoonthornthum
Keyword(s):  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Creatinine Ratio ◽  
Urine Protein ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Clinically Normal ◽  
Urine Creatinine ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
The Mean

Objectives The objective was to compare urine protein, urine protein to creatinine ratio (UPC) and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) index between cats with idiopathic cystitis and clinically normal cats. Methods Urine and blood samples were collected from 19 clinically normal cats and 19 cats with idiopathic cystitis without azotaemia at the time of first presentation. Urine protein, urine creatinine and UPC were measured. Additionally, the urinary NAG concentration was measured using the colorimetric method, and the NAG index was calculated by dividing the urinary NAG concentration by the urine creatinine ratio. Results Urine protein concentration (mean ± SEM) was four times higher in cats with idiopathic cystitis (218.29 ± 58.95) than in clinically normal cats (56.13 ± 9.95) (P <0.05). The UPC (mean ± SEM) of cats with idiopathic cystitis (0.70 ± 0.19) was also five times higher than that of clinically normal cats (0.14 ± 0.02) (P <0.05). The mean ± SEM NAG index in cats with idiopathic cystitis (4.79 ± 1.53 U/g) was two times higher than that in clinically normal cats (2.14 ± 0.48 U/g). The log UPC was positively correlated with the log NAG index in cats with idiopathic cystitis at moderate levels (r2 = 0.512; P <0.05). Conclusions and relevance Cats with idiopathic cystitis had increased amounts of urine protein and an increased UPC. Further study is needed to address the role of urinary NAG and its relationship with glycosaminoglycan levels in cats with idiopathic cystitis.

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