Factors Related to Anxiety Scores in Diabetes Mellitus Outpatients at the Universitas Sumatera Utara Hospital

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a serious chronic disease, caused by the inability of the pancreas to produce enough insulin. It is estimated that people with diabetic are at twice the risk of anxiety compared to the general population. Diabetic patients with anxiety has been related to increasing risk of comorbidities, which can interfere with daily living activities, and life quality, increased health costs, and many other complication when compared with the general population. Method: This study is a predictive type multivariate study, with a cross-sectional approach to 111 subjects in the outpatient clinic of Universitas Sumatera Utara hospital. The tests carried out in this study were the bivariate test, multivariate linear regression test to determine what factors are related to anxiety scores in DM patients, using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-A) as measurement tool. Results: After conducting the multivariate analysis test, it was found that the variables associated with anxiety scores in people with DM were length of education (p <0.001), Body Mass Index (p <0.001), duration of illness (p <0.001), work status (p <0.001), comorbidity (p = 0.021). Conclusion: By knowing the factors that influence anxiety scores in people with DM, it is hoped that clinicians will pay more attention to the symptoms of anxiety in people with DM, especially in the early days of diagnosis so that intervention can be carried out.

Download Full-text

Prevalence of Depression and Its Associated Factors among Diabetes Mellitus Patients in an Urban Primary Care Clinic

Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research ◽

10.9734/jammr/2021/v33i1330960 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 100-106

Author(s):

M. Miskan ◽

K. Ambigga

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Primary Care ◽

Formal Education ◽

Primary Care Clinic ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Care Clinic ◽

Prevalence Of Depression ◽

Probable Depression

Aims: To determine the prevalence of depression among patients with Diabetes Mellitus and to identify its associated risk factors. Study design: This is a cross sectional study. Place of study: This study was conducted in an urban primary care clinic in a tertiary hospital in Malaysia. Methodology: This study utilized a self-administered questionnaire, Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HADS-D) for the data collection. A total of 358 respondents were eligible to be included in this study. Results: A total of 382 respondents were recruited in this study using universal sampling method. A total number of 358 eligible respondents were included in the final data analysis. The response rate for this study was 94%. Respondents’ mean age was 60.8 years ± 10.3, 56% females, 38% Malays, 76% were married, 37.7% had Diabetes for more than 5 years and 76.3% had completed secondary school education. This study concluded that 63.7% of participants had poor diabetes control and 26% had probable depression. On multiple logistic regression, respondents who earned income less than RM 500 per month were 2.6 times more likely to have probable depression (aOR: 2.64, 95% CI:1.29 -5.43). Patients who received no formal education were 4.5 times more likely to have probable depression (aOR: 4.51 95% CI:1.74-11.63). Respondents with co-morbid illness were almost 3 times more likely to have probable depression (aOR: 2.92, 95% CI: 0.1-0.8). Conclusion: Prevalence of probable depression was high and there was a significant association between depression with income, education level and co-morbid illness. Thus, there is a need to identify and manage depression accordingly among diabetic patients.

Download Full-text

STUDY OF LIFE QUALITY AND TREATMENT SATISFACTION OF ROMANIAN DIABETIC PATIENTS

CBU International Conference Proceedings ◽

10.12955/cbup.v7.1453 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 771-777

Author(s):

Andrei Cătălin Muntean ◽

Claudiu Morgovan ◽

Smaranda Cosma ◽

Anca Butucă ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Current System ◽

Life Quality ◽

Open Circuit ◽

Antidiabetic Drugs ◽

Patient Treatment ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Antidiabetic Treatment ◽

Patients With Diabetes

In Romania, antidiabetic medication is free, based on a program of the Ministry of Public Health: “Treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus”. Since October 1, 2006, antidiabetic drugs have been delivered through open circuit pharmacies in contractual relationship with the National Health Insurance House, after four years of centralized delivery through hospital pharmacies. Objectives: This study aims to describe the influences of the diabetes treatment regarding patients’ quality of life and their satisfaction. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was performed in pharmacies. The study includes 477 patients with diabetes mellitus from Cluj County, Romania. The interviewing method was used on a questionnaire base. The participants included in the study admitted to participate in May-June, 2016. The questionnaire was systematically developed following comprehensive literature review and structured according to 3 main fields: 1) patient demographics; 2) diabetes patient treatment and 3) glycaemia control and patient satisfaction. Results: The research performed in two months showed that 78% of the respondents used oral antidiabetics for treatment, more than 19% of the inquired patients reached normal glycaemia values following antidiabetic treatment, and about 82% of patients were satisfied with the current system of acquisition of antidiabetic drugs. Conclusions: The treatment with antidiabetic drugs maintains a relatively good health status. Also, the life expectancy of diabetic patients has increased over the past period.

Download Full-text

Self-perceived Anxiety Symptoms and its Associated Factors among Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Rural Communities of Malaysia

Journal of Clinical and Health Sciences ◽

10.24191/jchs.v2i1.5859 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 11

Author(s):

Azlina Wati Nikmat ◽

Mohd Ariff Fadzil ◽

Sakinah Idris

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Rural Communities ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Anxiety Symptoms ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Mean

Introduction: Little is known about anxiety symptoms among diabetic patients, especially among those who are living in rural areas in Malaysia. Thus, the aim of this paper is to investigate the prevalence of anxiety among diabetic patients and factors associated with anxiety in rural communities in Malaysia. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 464 diabetes mellitus patients in rural health districts and outpatient clinics in Malaysia was conducted. Each participant was interviewed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Results: Respondents consisted of 193 (41.6%) males and 271 (58.4%) females. The mean age of participants was 59.65 ± 10.16 years and the mean duration of diabetes mellitus was 6.9 ± 6.3 years. Results indicate that 15% of the participants have anxiety symptoms. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that patients with history of ischemic heart disease and depression and those who were underweight have higher anxiety scores with adjusted OR 5.06 (95% CI 1.79 to 14.27), 27.71 (95% CI 14.23 to 53.98) and 14.6 (95% CI 2.49 to 84.82), respectively. Conclusions: This study suggests that although the prevalence of anxiety among diabetics is low, primary care physician should be trained to identify high risk patients and to manage their condition in order to improve the clinical outcome.

Download Full-text

Thyroid Diseases in Omani Type 2 Diabetics: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

Advances in Endocrinology ◽

10.1155/2015/353121 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Sanaa Al-Sumry ◽

Thuraya Al-Ghelani ◽

Huda Al-Badi ◽

Mohammed Al-Azri ◽

Kawther Elshafie

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

General Population ◽

Thyroid Function ◽

Thyroid Dysfunction ◽

Thyroid Diseases ◽

Control Group ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Type 2 Diabetics

Background. Diabetes mellitus and thyroid diseases are common endocrine disorders in the general population and found to exist simultaneously. This study aimed to establish the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction among Omani type 2 diabetics and its association with glycemic control. Methodology. A retrospective cross-sectional randomized primary and secondary care based study of 285 Omani type 2 diabetics, ≥ 30 years of age with known thyroid function. The following parameters were examined: age, sex, duration of diabetes, duration of thyroid disease, thyroid morphology, thyroid function, thyroid antibodies, and the mean glycated hemoglobin (mean HbA1C). The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction was compared to an independent control group of randomly selected healthy individuals with known thyroid function. Results. Thyroid dysfunction was found in 12.6% of the diabetic patients compared to 4.9% in the control group. The prevalence was higher among the diabetic females (86%) compared to diabetic males (14%). The commonest thyroid dysfunction among diabetics was overt hypothyroidism (4.6%). Subclinical hypothyroidism was the commonest thyroid dysfunction seen in less controlled diabetics at a mean HbA1c of 7.8 (± 0.7). Conclusion. Screening for thyroid dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus should be routinely performed considering the higher prevalence of thyroid diseases in this group compared to the general population.

Download Full-text

A cross sectional study on assessment of risk of diabetes mellitus using Indian diabetic risk score in a medical college teaching hospital

International Journal of Pharmacometrics and Integrated Biosciences ◽

10.26452/ijpib.v5i2.1292 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 32-40

Author(s):

Singam Sivasankar Reddy ◽

Syeda Rahath ◽

Rakshitha H N ◽

Godson K Lal ◽

Swathy S ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

High Risk ◽

Risk Score ◽

Hospital Setting ◽

College Teaching ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Patient Counselling ◽

Related Quality

The objective of the study was to evaluate the risk of diabetes mellitus in elderlywith age above 20 years in a hospital setting using Indian Diabetes risk score and to provide patient counselling regarding their life style modifications and health related quality of life among participants with high risk of developing diabetes.A total of 125 non diabetic patients were interviewed with a pre designed selfstructured questionnaire (IDRS). Participants were chosen voluntarily and a written consent was obtained before the administration of the questionnaire from individual patients. In our study we observed that out of 125 patients,males 26[59%]and 18[41%] females were at high risk, males 39[58.2%] and 28[41.8%] females were at moderate risk, males 5[35.7%] and 9[64.3%] females were at low risk of developing diabetes mellitus.

Download Full-text

THE PREVALENCE OF HYPERTENSION IN DIABETIC AND NON-DIABETIC STROKE PATIENTS IN COMMUNITY HOSPITAL OF DISTRICT SWAT, PAKISTAN

Journal of Saidu Medical College, Swat ◽

10.52206/jsmc.2012.2.2.187-191 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 187-191

Author(s):

Sahibzada Saeed Jan ◽

Taj Muhammad Khan ◽

Alamzeb ◽

Izaz-urrahman ◽

Amanullah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Community Hospital ◽

Macrovascular Disease ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Elevated Blood ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hospital District

Background: As hypertension is the most important risk factor for stroke, it is generally considered to beasymptomatic condition and require lifetime therapy which may include chemotherapy and lifestylechanges. Hypertension also clearly contributes to the risk of macrovascular disease in patients with type-IIdiabetes mellitus. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of hypertension indiabetic and non-diabetic stroke patients in community hospital district Swat. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study, comprised of 100 subjects, 50 were diabetic and 50 werenon-diabetic stroke patients of ages between 28 to 90 years. The blood sugar (random and fasting), bloodpressure (systolic and diastolic) of Diabetic stroke subjects were compared with Non-diabetic strokesubjects. Results: The prevalence of hypertension was significantly high in diabetic stroke subject as compared tonon-diabetic stroke subjects. Conclusion: Diabetic patients with persistently elevated blood pressure are more prone to develop stroke ascompared to non diabetic with hypertension KEYWORDS:Stroke, Diabetes mellitus, hypertension.

Download Full-text

Diabetes Mellitus with Silent Myocardial Ischemia: A Single-Center Cross-Sectional Study of Karachi, Pakistan

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i29b31589 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 56-60

Author(s):

Muhammad Zohaib Siddiq ◽

Shahid Hussain Memon ◽

Anwar Ali ◽

Tabassum Almas ◽

Atiya Razzaq ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Myocardial Ischemia ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Silent Myocardial Ischemia ◽

Study Patient ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

St Segment ◽

History Of

Background: Previous studies have established the fact that diabetic patients are predominantly inclined towards silent myocardial infarction (SMI). The objective of the present study is to determine the incidence of SMI in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. Methodology: In this cross-sectional study, patient data was gathered on a predesigned proforma regarding the detailed history of dyspnea, DM and its duration, chest pain either present or not. Those patients who had normal ECG labeled negative for SMI, while those who had either ST-segment elevation or ST-segment deviation on resting ECG were positive for SMI. Study was conducted at the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD) Karachi- Pakistan. Results: The mean age of the enrolled patients was 54.21±8.65 (40-70) years. Out of 210, majority were female (51.90%).Overall, 94(44.76%) patients were obese, 122(58.09%) were hypertensive, 90(42.85%) had dyslipidemia and 98(46.66%) diabetic patients were smokers. There were 93 (44.3%) DM patients who had SMI. Moreover, 109(51.90%) patients had a family history of myocardial ischemia. Conclusion: The SMI incidence among diabetic patients was found higher in local population. It is proposed that diabetic patients with demonstrated cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy must be screened for the manifestation of SMI.

Download Full-text

The result of treadmill test in asymptomatic type 2 diabetes mellitus

International Journal of Scientific Reports ◽

10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20172508 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (6) ◽

pp. 166 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Anil Shrinivasrao Joshi ◽

Chandrakant Gunaji Lahane ◽

Akshay Arvind Kashid

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Early Detection ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Duration Of Diabetes ◽

Asymptomatic Patients ◽

Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality

Background: To study the prevalence of silent myocardial ischaemia in asymptomatic patients with type 2 DM.Methods: The present study was conducted in the Govt. Medical College and Hospital Aurangabad. During December 2012 to November 2014 with 50 patients. It was two year cross sectional study with the patients of asymptomatic type 2 diabetes mellitus without clinical and electrocardiographic evidence of coronary artery disease. Results: 12 (24%) out of 50 subjects had positive TMT. It correlated with years of duration of diabetes (9 positive TMT cases with duration of diabetes more than 10 years). 5 (25%) out of 20 had serum cholesterol levels >240, Number of positive TMT were higher in patients with LDL >160 [5 (25%) out of 20].Conclusions: Diabetic patients are at very high risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Early detection of IHD is very important so that pharmacological therapy, which may improve outcome, can be established. Tread mill exercise TMT being a non-invasive test with high safety, has an important role in early detection of IHD. It is recommended that TMT should be a part of routine management in asymptomatic patients with type II DM.

Download Full-text

Association of Retinopathy with Chronic Kidney Disease in Diabetes Mellitus

BIRDEM Medical Journal ◽

10.3329/birdem.v8i3.38123 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 210-214

Author(s):

Rushda Sharmin Binte Rouf ◽

SM Ashrafuzzaman ◽

Zafar Ahmed Latif

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Strong Association ◽

Albumin Excretion Rate ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Fundus Photography ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Cross Sectional

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) and nephropathy are two major complications of diabetes mellitus carrying significant morbidity and mortality. In this study DR was investigated in different stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) to find out possible association of these two devastating complications.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 150 diabetic patients having CKD in BIRDEM. CKD was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of <60ml/min/1.73m2and/or urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) >30 mg/day in at least two occasions in 3 months apart. Retinopathy was assessed by direct fundoscopic examination and confirmed by color fundus photography. Severe DR (SDR) included proliferative diabetic retinopathy, severe non-proliferative DR and maculopathy; whereas microaneurysm regarded as non-severe retinopathy.Results: Majority (68%) of the respondents had some form of retinopathy (38.35% SDR and 29.65% nonsevere). There was strong association between different levels of albuminuria (UAER) and DR (p<0.0001). On the contrary DR did not correspond with stages of CKD (P=0.349). Hypertension (79.5%) and dyslipidaemia (59%) were common co-morbidities.Conclusion: This study concluded that DR prevalence was more in nephropathy along with significant association with UAER. Whereas different stages of CKD was not associated with stages of DR . This finding focused the necessity of regular retinal examination irrespective of the stage of renal involvement.Birdem Med J 2018; 8(3): 210-214

Download Full-text

Study of thyroid dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus

International Journal of Advances in Medicine ◽

10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20204972 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (12) ◽

pp. 1815

Author(s):

Mausam Jain ◽

Pramod R. Jha ◽

Gaurang Patel

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Glycaemic Control ◽

Thyroid Dysfunction ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Tertiary Care Centre ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Long Duration

Background: Aim was to study prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.Methods: The present study was a cross sectional observational study, which focused on cases of diabetes mellitus. Study was conducted in Departments of Medicine, SBKS MI & RC, a tertiary care centre for a period of 6 months. All the patients of T2DM were included. Total of 263 patients were enrolled which involved indoor, outpatient and diabetic clinic attending patients. A detailed history taking, clinical examination and relevant investigations (Hb%, Total count, platelet count, serum creatinine, FBS, PP2BS, HbA1C, S.TSH, F.T3 and F.T4). Appropriate statistical analytics were used and important correlations and conclusions were drawn.Results: A study of thyroid dysfunction (TD) in T2DM patients which included 263 diabetic patients, out of them 67 had thyroid dysfunction. Out of these 67 patients 43 were female and 24 were male. This suggests that female was more prone to thyroid dysfunction than males. Out of 67 TD patients, 42 were above the age of 50 year. So, as the age increases the prevalence of TD also increases thyroid dysfunction also depends on the glycaemic control of the patients. Out of 67 patients 22 patients had>8.0 HbA1C level. In our study we found that as the glycaemic control became poorer the prevalence of TD increase in hypothyroid but not in hyperthyroidism.Conclusions: Following conclusions were drawn from this study TD is more common in female than male, more after the age of 50 year, in T2DM patients. Hypothyroidism is more common with poor glycaemic control and long duration of T2DM patients. But for hyperthyroidism data which we evaluated was not significant and further conclusion bigger study is needed.

Download Full-text