The Effect of Levamlodipine in Glucose-Induced Acute Model of Glaucoma in Rabbits

BACKGROUND: Loss of vision and irreversible blindness are the main consequences of glaucoma. There are two main types of glaucoma: Chronic and acute. AIM: This work aimed to evaluate the intraocular effect of levamlodipine on the acute model of glaucoma in rabbits. METHODS: Eighteen white albino rabbits of both sexes weighing about 2 kg. We divided them into three groups (six animals in each group) used in the experiment. We use the right eye to evaluate the effect of the test drug and used the left eye as a control (vehicle only). We used the first group to evaluate levamlodipine (0.25%), the second group to estimate levamlodipine (0.5%), and the third group to assess pilocarpine 2% (positive control). Drugs were administered 30 min before induction. RESULTS: Glucose (5%) fluid produces a significant intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation after 30 min of administration in the left eye (p ˂ 0.001). Pre-treatment topical administration of levamlodipine (0.25%) prevents the rise in the IOP significantly (p ˂ 0.001) in the right eye when compared to the control group (left eye). Moreover, compared with the eyes of the control group at all stages of the experiment, the topical administration of levamlodipine (0.5%) has a significant preventable effect (p ˂ 0.001), compared with the control group. The IOP of the local pilocarpine (2%) in the third group was significantly decreased (p ˂ 0.001). Finally, compared with levamlodipine (0.5%), pilocarpine has a more significant effect in preventing a rapid increase in intraocular pressure (p ˂ 0.001). CONCLUSION: Levamlodipine is a promising therapeutic agent for patients vulnerable to acute glaucoma.

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Efek Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Petai (Parkia speciosa Hassk) Terhadap Penurunan Kadar Glukosa Darah Mencit Jantan

Jurnal Katalisator ◽

10.22216/jk.v3i1.2178 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Verawaty Verawaty ◽

Dhea Claudia Novel

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Male Mice ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

The Third ◽

Blood Glucose Levels

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh pemberian ekstrak etanol kulit petai (Parkia speciosa Hassk) terhadap penurunan kadar glukosa darah mencit jantan yang diinduksi aloksan. Hewan percobaan dibagi atas 5 kelompok diantaranya kelompok kontrol negatif, kelompok kontrol positif,dosis I (280 mg/kgBB mencit), dosis II (560 mg/kg BB mencit), dosis III (840 mg/kg BB mencit). Penelitian dilakukan selama 21 hari. Persentase penurunan kadar glukosa darah mencit jantan setelah diberikan ekstrak etanol kulit petai pada hari ke-21 adalah dosis I (77,52 %) lebih besar dibandingkan dengan dosis II (69,5 %) dan dosis III (73,37 %). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan uji Two Way Anova dengan program SPSS 17. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak etanol kulit petai untuk tiga variasi dosis menyatakan perbedaan yang bermakna secara statistik terhadap penurunan kadar glukosa darah mencit jantan.Petai (Parkia speciosa Hassk) has a compound β-sitosterol and stigmasterol that have efficacy to decreased blood glucose levels. This study aimed to determine the effect of ethanol extract of petai peel for decrease blood glucose levels of male mice induced by alloxan. Experimental animals were divided into 5 groups including negative control group, positive control group, the first dose (280 mg/kg in mice), the second dose (560 mg/kg in mice), the third dose (840 mg/kg in mice). The study was conducted for 21 days. After 21 days, the result found that the percentage of blood glucose levels after the male mice given the ethanol extract of petai peel was, the first dose (77.52%) biger than the second dose (69.5%) and the third dose (73.37%). The data obtained were analyzed by Two Way ANOVA using SPSS 17. The results showed that have signicantly difference between three dose variation of ethanol extract of petai peel in blood glucose levels.

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Effect of Black Seed (Nigella sativa) and Uziza (Piper guineense) Leaf on the Histology of the Liver of Wistar Albino Rats

Biotechnology Journal International ◽

10.9734/bji/2019/v23i230075 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Okoye Ngozi Franca ◽

Ikiriko, Favour Ibiwari

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Extract ◽

Nigella Sativa ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Positive Control Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Piper Guineense ◽

The Third ◽

Black Seed

Aim: This study was aimed at investigating the effects of aqueous extracts of both Nigella sativa and Piper guineense on the liver enzymes; alanine amino transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Also the effect of Nigella sativa and Piper guineense extracts on the histology of the liver of Wistar rat was also studied. Materials and Methods: A total of twenty five Wistar rats were used for the study. The animals were grouped into five groups, each having five animals. They were induced with sucrose and margarine to cause high sugar levels and hyperlipidemia respectively except the positive control group which was fed normal feed. The groups were: the positive control group, the negative control group which were induced without treatment, the uziza leaf group which were induced and were treated with 2 ml of aqueous extract of uziza leaf, the black seed group which were induced and were treated with 2 ml of aqueous extract of black seed, and the black seed and uziza group which were induced and were treated with 2ml of aqueous extract of black seed and 2 ml of aqueous extract of uziza leaf. Results: The result showed that the extracts decreased the ALT and AST and ALP activities in the rats in a time dependent manner with highest decrease obtained on the third week of treatment with the extracts. The ALT activity (U/L) on the third week of treatment showed for the, negative control (64.48 ± 0.22), uziza leaf (28.82 ± 0.12), black seed (32.65 ± 0.02), black seed and uziza leaf (16.04 ± 0.02) (p≤0.05). The decrease in activity for AST levels (U/L) on the third week of treatment, showed for the negative control (58.00 ± 0.02), uziza leaf (11.00 ± 0.01), black seed (12.00 ± 0.02), black seed and uziza leaf (8.00 ± 0.02). Conclusion: It can be concluded that both uziza leaf and black seed have hepatoprotective effect on the liver.

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Evaluation of Biomechanically Corrected Intraocular Pressure Measurements in Keratoconus and Forme Fruste Keratoconus

Ophthalmic Research ◽

10.1159/000506839 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 63 (6) ◽

pp. 541-549

Author(s):

Tomoya Nishida ◽

Takashi Kojima ◽

Takahiro Kataoka ◽

Naoki Isogai ◽

Yoko Yoshida ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intraocular Pressure ◽

Biomechanical Properties ◽

Control Group ◽

Pressure Measurements ◽

Altman Plot ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Difference ◽

The Right ◽

Corneal Biomechanical Properties ◽

Forme Fruste Keratoconus

Introduction: Although biomechanically corrected intraocular pressure (bIOP) is available, the effectiveness of intraocular pressure (IOP) correction in keratoconus and forme fruste keratoconus (FFK) eyes has not been investigated. Objective: Evaluation of bIOP measurements in eyes with keratoconus and FFK. Methods: Forty-two eyes in 21 patients with keratoconus in one eye and FFK in the fellow eye were examined (KC/FFK group; mean age 24.62 ± 8.6 years; 16 males and 5 females). The control group consisted of 62 eyes in 31 unaffected subjects (mean age 26.26 ± 3.64 years; 15 males and 16 females). The bIOP was determined using a Scheimpflug-based tonometer (Corvis Scheimpflug Technology [Corvis ST®]) after measuring the IOP with a conventional non-contact tonometer (NIOP). The agreement between NIOP and bIOP values was examined using the Bland-Altman plot. The difference between NIOP and bIOP (bIOP correction amount) was compared between keratoconus and FFK eyes. Results: In the control group, there were no significant differences between right and left eyes in both NIOP and bIOP values (p = 0.975 and p = 0.224, respectively). In the KC/FFK group, NIOP values were significantly lower in the keratoconus eyes (9.93 ± 1.96 mm Hg) than in the FFK eyes (12.23 ± 3.03 mm Hg; p = 0.0003). There was no significant difference in bIOP values between the right and left eyes of the KC/FFK group (p = 0.168). The bIOP correction amount was significantly increased in keratoconus eyes (3.58 ± 2.12 mm Hg) compared to in FFK eyes (1.80 ± 3.32 mm Hg; p = 0.011). Conclusions: For eyes with keratoconus and FFK, the bIOP method is effective to adjust IOP measurements based on corneal biomechanical properties.

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P673Moderate anti-tumor effect of the nanoliposomal anti-PCSK9 vaccine in BALB/c mice bearing colorectal cancer

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/eurheartj/ehz747.0279 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

A A Momtazi-Borojeni ◽

M E Nik ◽

M R Jaafari ◽

M Banach ◽

A Sahebkar

Keyword(s):

Colon Cancer ◽

Tumor Size ◽

Ldl Receptor ◽

Positive Control ◽

Vaccine Group ◽

Size Analysis ◽

Control Group ◽

Lipid Film ◽

Protein Levels ◽

The Right

Abstract Background The higher levels of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) cholesterol (LDL-C) have been reported to correlate with higher prevalence and risk of colon cancer. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 (PCSK9) function, through reducing protein levels of liver LDL receptor, leads to elevated levels of plasma LDL-C. Purpose Here, we evaluated anti-tumor effect of nanoliposomal anti-PCSK9 vaccine in mice bearing colon carcinoma. Methods To formulate nanoliposomal anti-PCSK9 vaccine, liposome nanoparticles prepared by lipid-film hydration method were covalently attached to immunogenic PCSK9 peptide. The liposomal vaccine formulation was adsorbed to Alum adjuvant (L-IFPTA+) and injected subcutaneously four times with a bi-weekly interval in BALB/c mice. Two weeks after the last immunization, the vaccinated and unvaccinated mice were subcutaneously inoculated with CT26 colon cancer cells into the right flank. After tumor mass was palpable (approximately 10 mm3), the mice were randomly divided into three groups and involved to different treatments: (1) PBS (untreated control), (2) vaccine group, and (3) Doxil®(positive control) group which involved unvaccinated tumor-bearing mice who received Doxil®. To study therapeutic efficacy, mouse body weight, tumor size, and survival were monitored in a 3-day interval for 50 days. Results The nanoliposomal anti-PCSK9vaccine could efficiently induce specific antibodies against PCSK9 in BALB/c mice, and thereby reduce plasma level and function of PCSK9. Tumor size in the vaccinated mice was significantly lower than in Doxil and the control mice. Tumor size analysis revealed that time to reach endpoint (TTE) of the vaccine group was slightly but not significantly higher than that of Doxil and the control groups. The vaccinated mice survived slightly but not significantly longer than Doxil and the control mice. The vaccinated mice's life was prolonged by 24.4% as compared with the control mice, while it was increased by 9.8% in Doxil group (see Figure below). Conclusions Our findings declare that the nanoliposomal anti-PCSK9vaccine not only have no harmful effects, but also can mildly reduce tumor growth, and enhance live span and survival in mice bearing colon cancer.

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Effects of 0.5% and 0.25% Apraclonidine on Postoperative Intraocular Hypertension after Cataract Extraction

European Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1177/112067219800800203 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 67-70 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S. Simsek ◽

A. Demirok ◽

T. Yasar ◽

A. Çinal ◽

A. Bayram ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intraocular Pressure ◽

Side Effects ◽

Prospective Study ◽

Cataract Extraction ◽

Control Group ◽

Extracapsular Cataract Extraction ◽

Artificial Tears ◽

Iol Implantation ◽

The Third ◽

Applanation Tonometer

Purpose We conducted a double-masked, prospective study to evaluate the effect of 0.5% and 0.25% apraclonidine on postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients undergoing extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. Methods Fifty-four patients scheduled for ECCE were randomly divided into three groups of 18. The first group received one drop of 0.50% apraclonidine topically one hour before surgery and immediately after the end of the procedure. The second group received the same regimen but with 0.25% apraclonidine. The third group received artificial tears as the control group. IOP was measured 12 h preoperatively and 6 and 24 h postoperatively. All the measurements were made using the same Goldmann applanation tonometer by the same surgeon who did not know to which group the patient belonged. Results Preoperative mean IOP was 13.66 ± 2.76 mmHg in the first group, 14.27 ± 2.24 mmHg in the second and 14.5 ± 1.34 mmHg in the control group. The differences were not significant (p=0.398). Mean IOP at the early postoperative visit (6 h) was significantly lower in the first group (17.44 ± 4.95 mmHg) than the second (21.78 ± 7.19 mmHg) and the control group (24.55 ± 5.65 mmHg) (p<0.001). Mean postoperative IOP at 24 h was again significantly lower in the first group (14.33 ± 3.75 mmHg) than the second (17.11 ± 4.16 mmHg) and the control group (19.61 ± 3.20 mmHg) (p<0.001). Conclusions Our findings indicate that topical 0.5% apraclonidine controlled early postoperative intraocular hypertension after cataract extraction without any side effects, while the 0.25% drops were not effective.

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PERBANDINGAN TEKANAN INTRAOKULAR LATIHAN BENCHPRESS DAN BICEPS MASS ROUTINE POLA PROGRESSIVE OVERLOAD

Human Care Journal ◽

10.32883/hcj.v5i2.787 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 486

Author(s):

Dian Eka Saputra ◽

Ardizal Rahman ◽

Andrini Ariesti

Keyword(s):

Intraocular Pressure ◽

Weight Training ◽

Valsalva Maneuver ◽

Venous Pressure ◽

Isometric Exercise ◽

Abdominal Pressure ◽

Sitting Position ◽

Iop Elevation ◽

The Right ◽

Lying Down

Weight training as an isometric exercise can increase intraocular pressure (IOP) during exercise. Several mechanism theories are proposed in analyzing IOP elevation in weight training. Increased intra-abdominal pressure increases intracranial pressure thereby increasing IOP. Another theory is the Valsalva maneuver which results in an increase in intrathoracic venous pressure that is transmitted to the veins leading to the ocular so that IOP increases. IOP elevations over a period of time are at risk of causing glaucoma and blindness.Method: This study’s sample consisted of 62 students who were given biceps mass routine and benchpress training with 5 sets of progressive overload patterns. IOP values were measured before training, between sets and 30 minutes after rest using a non-contact tonometry.Result: There was a statistically significant correlation between the increase in IOP values between before exercise with the fifth set in the right eye lying position exercise (10.323mmHg) and the left eye (11.419mmHg) to the increase in the IOP value before exercise with the fifth set in the sitting position of the right eye ( 6,581mmHg) and left eye (7,435mmHg).Conclusion: IOP values increase during weight training at both positions of the progressive overload pattern. The greater the training load the greater the IOP value. The lying down position gives the effect of increasing the greater IOP value.

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Evaluation of interleukins (2, 6 and 8) in immunized white rats by Salmonella enterica subspecies typhimurium and Cryptococcus neoformans antigens

The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.30539/iraqijvm.v41i2.51 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 72-6

Author(s):

Ikram A. A. AL-Samarraae

Keyword(s):

Cryptococcus Neoformans ◽

Phosphate Buffer ◽

Salmonella Enterica ◽

Positive Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Negative Group ◽

Whole Cell ◽

The Third ◽

White Rats ◽

Significant Difference

This study was designed to evaluate the levels of interleukins (2, 6 and 8) in immunized white rats by killed whole cell antigens of Salmonella enterica subspecies typhimurium and sonicated Cryptococcus neoformans, and using ELISA in day 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 after immunization one hundred white rats of both sexes divided into five groups (20 rats for each). The first group was immunized by killed whole cell antigens of Salmonella enterica subspecies typhimurium (9× 108 CFU /ml) and sonicated Cryptococcus neoformans (1000 µg/ml), The second was immunized by killed whole cell antigens of Salmonella enterica subspecies typhimurium (9× 108 CFU /ml) and sonicated Cryptococcus neoformans (500 µg/ml). The third was immunized by killed whole cell antigens of Salmonella enterica subspecies typhimurium (9× 108 CFU /ml) as positive control group, The fourth was injected 1 ml of phosphate buffer saline (pH 7.2) as control negative group and fifth was immunized by sonicated antigens of Cryptococcus neoformans (1000 µg/ml). The results of IL-2 showed significant differences (P<0.05) between the 1st, 2nd and 3th groups compared with 4th and 5th group, while there was no significant difference (P≥0.05) between 4th and 5th groups. Also IL-6 showed that there were significant differences (P<0.05) between the 1st, 2nd and 3rd groups in comparison with 4th group, while there was no significant difference (P≥0.05) between the 1st, 2nd, 3rd groups and 5th group. In the IL-8 showed that there was a significant difference (P<0.01) between the1st and 2nd groups and between 3rd group and 1st and 2nd groups without significant difference (P≥0.05), also between the 1st, 2nd and 3rd groups and 4th group significant difference (P<0.05) and with a significant difference (P<0.01) between 5th group and all other groups (1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th).

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Comparison of Intraocular Pressure among Individuals with Systemic Hypertension and those with Normal Blood Pressure

Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.3126/nepjoph.v13i2.33917 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 137-144

Author(s):

Sanket Parajuli ◽

Pooja Shrestha ◽

Jeevan K Shrestha ◽

Sadhana Sharma

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Intraocular Pressure ◽

Normal Blood ◽

Systemic Hypertension ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Normal Blood Pressure ◽

Hypertensive Group ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Right

Introduction: Systemic blood pressure, by far, is one of the most important factors that can have an effect on intraocular pressure. We have compared the intraocular pressure (IOP) among patients with systemic hypertension and those with normal blood pressure. Materials and methods: A hospital based case control study was conducted from March 2017 to March 2018 in the Ophthalmology outpatient department at Dhulikhel Hospital. A total of 100 patients with hypertension were included in the case group (hypertensive group) and 100 cases with no systemic or ocular disease were included in the control group (normotensive group). Mean intraocular pressures were calculated and compared between the two groups. Results: Mean age of patients was 49.03 years in hypertensive group and 47.53 years in normotensive group. Mean IOP of the right eye in those with hypertension was 16.10 mmHg and in the left eye was 15.8 mmHg. Similarly mean IOP of the right eye in the normotensive group was 15.8 mmHg and the left eye was 16.2 mmHg. The difference between mean IOP of hypertensive and normotensive individuals was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The prevalence of ocular hypertension was found to be 7.5%. Conclusion: There was no statistically significant difference in IOP between hypertensive and normotensive individuals. However, a statistically significant difference in IOP was noted between ‘hypertensive with controlled blood pressure’ and ‘hypertensive with uncontrolled BP’ indicating that high blood pressure may be associated with high IOP.

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Effects of Dexamethasone on Contralateral Testicular Immune Response in Wistar Strain Rats with Unilateral Testicular Torsion

Folia Medica Indonesiana ◽

10.20473/fmi.v54i1.8049 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 54 (1) ◽

pp. 29

Author(s):

Andri Kustono ◽

I Ketut Sudiana ◽

Fikri Rizaldi ◽

Tarmono Tarmono

Keyword(s):

Testicular Torsion ◽

Sham Group ◽

Positive Control ◽

Seminiferous Tubules ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Group Design ◽

Wistar Strain ◽

Post Test ◽

The Right

The aim of this study was to prove the effects of dexamethasone on immune responses in rats with testicular torsion. This was an experimental study with post test only control group design. In this study, 27 rats were randomly divided into 3 groups. In normal or sham group (CN) orchidectomy was performed on the right testis on day 14. The positive control group (CP) had testicular torsion for 10 h, then manual detorsion was performed after 4 h, and on day 14 orchidectomy was performed on ipsilateral and contralateral testes. The treatment group (N) had testicular torsion for 10 h and received 10 mg/kgBW dexamethasone subcutaneously 30 minutes before manual detorsion 4 hours later, and on day 14 orchidectomy was performed to ipsilateral and contralateral testes. The spermatogonium count was calculated based on the average number of intratubular seminiferous tubule section observed in contralateral testicular incision with Haematoxiliyn Eosin (HE) staining. IgG count was calculated based on the average number of extratubular seminiferous tubules observed at 5 contralateral testicular incision with immunohistochemical staining (IHC). The number of spermatogonia was significantly different between CN and CP, CN and N, and CP and N (p<0.05). IgG production also showed significant differences between CN and CP, CN and N, as well as CP and N (p<0.05). In conclusion, administration of dexamethasone provides a protective effect on spermatogonium count and IgG production on a 10-hour testicular torsion.

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Spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) essential oil from tipaza (Algeria): in vivo anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities in experimental animal models

Acta Pharmaceutica Hungarica ◽

10.33892/aph.2020.90.15-26 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 90 (1) ◽

pp. 15-26

Author(s):

Sarah Kehili ◽

Mohamed Amine Boukhatem ◽

Asma Belkadi ◽

Faiza Boulaghmen ◽

Mohamed Amine Ferhat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Acute Inflammation ◽

Kidney Injury ◽

Topical Administration ◽

Positive Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Mentha Spicata ◽

Ear Edema ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Introduction Although analgesic and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are usually used to treat a diversity of illnesses, their administration is linked with acute kidney injury and gastrointestinal side effects. The research of new biomolecules and natural products is still needed such as medicinal plants. Aims The present research was aimed to investigate, for the first time, the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects of spearmint essential oil (SEO) in mouse models of acute inflammation and pain. Materials and Method Chemical analysis of SEO was done by gas chromatography. The anti-inflammatory activity was tested using two models of acute inflammation namely carrageenan-induced paw edema and xylene-induced ear edema. Histological examination of both non-inflamed and inflamed tissues was evaluated. The anti-nociceptive activity was tested using the pain model induced by acetic acid. Results The main constituent of the SEO was found to be carvone (52.60%). The SEO exhibited a promising anti-inflammatory effect as demonstrated by statistically significant (p<0.05) inhibition of paw volume by 77.24% at the dose of 20 µL/kg and 65.87% at the dose of 200 µL/kg. Furthermore, topical administration of the SEO inhibited xylene-induced ear edema in comparison with the control group (p<0.05). The higher dose (200 µL /kg) significantly (p<0.001) reduced xylene-induced ear edema which was similar to that observed with positive control (ketoprofen). The pathological analysis of the paws and ears revealed that SEO was capable of reducing cellular infiltration and subcutaneous edema. Else, the SEO produced significant anti-nociceptive activity (p<0.001) at higher dose by inhibiting spontaneous nociception. Conclusion These results support the use of SEO in the development of pharmaceuticals for the management of inflammation and pain.

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