Gut microbiota and therapeutic approaches for dysbiosis in irritable bowel syndrome: recent developments and future perspectives

The interplay between diet and gut microbiota has gained interest as a potential contributor in pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The purpose of this study was to compare food components and gut microbiota patterns between IBS patients and healthy controls (HC) as well as to explore the associations of food components and microbiota profiles. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 80 young adults with IBS and 21 HC recruited. The food frequency questionnaire was used to measure food components. Fecal samples were collected and profiled by 16S rRNA Illumina sequencing. Food components were similar in both IBS and HC groups, except in caffeine consumption. Higher alpha diversity indices and altered gut microbiota were observed in IBS compared to the HC. A negative correlation existed between total observed species and caffeine intake in the HC, and a positive correlation between alpha diversity indices and dietary fiber in the IBS group. Higher alpha diversity and gut microbiota alteration were found in IBS people who consumed caffeine more than 400 mg/d. Moreover, high microbial diversity and alteration of gut microbiota composition in IBS people with high caffeine consumption may be a clue toward the effects of caffeine on the gut microbiome pattern, which warrants further study.

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Evidence from comparative genomic analyses indicating that Lactobacillus-mediated irritable bowel syndrome alleviation is mediated by the conjugated linoleic acid synthesis

Food & Function ◽

10.1039/d0fo02616f ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yang Liu ◽

Wei Xiao ◽

Leilei Yu ◽

Fengwei Tian ◽

Gang Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽

Linoleic Acid ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Acid Synthesis ◽

Comparative Genomic ◽

Low Grade ◽

Genomic Analyses ◽

Irritable Bowel ◽

Low Grade Inflammation ◽

Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic intestinal disorder accompanied by low-grade inflammation, visceral hypersensitivity, and gut microbiota dysbiosis. Several studies have indicated that Lactobacillus supplementation can help to alleviate...

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Of bowels, brain and behavior: A role for the gut microbiota in psychiatric comorbidities in irritable bowel syndrome

Neurogastroenterology & Motility ◽

10.1111/nmo.14095 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Lars Wilmes ◽

James M. Collins ◽

Kenneth J. O'Riordan ◽

Siobhain M. O’Mahony ◽

John F. Cryan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Psychiatric Comorbidities ◽

Brain And Behavior ◽

Irritable Bowel ◽

And Behavior

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Modulation of the gut microbiota composition by rifaximin in non-constipated irritable bowel syndrome patients: a molecular approach

Clinical and Experimental Gastroenterology ◽

10.2147/ceg.s89999 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 309 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

Sara Soldi ◽

Sotirios Vasileiadis ◽

Francesca Uggeri ◽

Maria Chiara Campanale ◽

Lorenzo Morelli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

Molecular Approach ◽

Irritable Bowel ◽

Gut Microbiota Composition

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Integrative analysis of the gut microbiome and metabolome in a rat model with stress induced irritable bowel syndrome

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-97083-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yue Hu ◽

Fang Chen ◽

Haiyong Ye ◽

Bin Lu

Keyword(s):

Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Rat Model ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

Metabolic Phenotype ◽

Control Group ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Microbial Dysbiosis ◽

Irritable Bowel

AbstractStress is one of the major causes of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), which is well-known for perturbing the microbiome and exacerbating IBS-associated symptoms. However, changes in the gut microbiome and metabolome in response to colorectal distention (CRD), combined with restraint stress (RS) administration, remains unclear. In this study, CRD and RS stress were used to construct an IBS rat model. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to characterize the microbiota in ileocecal contents. UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS assay was used to characterize the metabolome of gut microbiota. As a result, significant gut microbial dysbiosis was observed in stress-induced IBS rats, with the obvious enrichment of three and depletion of 11 bacterial taxa in IBS rats, when compared with those in the control group (q < 0.05). Meanwhile, distinct changes in the fecal metabolic phenotype of stress-induced IBS rats were also found, including five increased and 19 decreased metabolites. Furthermore, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis were the main metabolic pathways induced by IBS stress. Moreover, the altered gut microbiota had a strong correlation with the changes in metabolism of stress-induced IBS rats. Prevotella bacteria are correlated with the metabolism of 1-Naphthol and Arg.Thr. In conclusion, the gut microbiome, metabolome and their interaction were altered. This may be critical for the development of stress-induced IBS.

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Taxonomic composition and biodiversity of the gut microbiome from patients with irritable bowel syndrome, ulcerative colitis, and asthma

Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding ◽

10.18699/vj21.100 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 25 (8) ◽

pp. 864-873

Author(s):

A. Y. Tikunov ◽

A. N. Shvalov ◽

V. V. Morozov ◽

I. V. Babkin ◽

G. V. Seledtsova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ulcerative Colitis ◽

Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Taxonomic Composition ◽

16S Rrna Genes ◽

Rrna Genes ◽

Taxonomic Structure ◽

Opportunistic Bacteria ◽

Irritable Bowel

To date, the association of an imbalance of the intestinal microbiota with various human diseases, including both diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and disorders of the immune system, has been shown. However, despite the huge amount of accumulated data, many key questions still remain unanswered. Given limited data on the composition of the gut microbiota in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) from different parts of Siberia, as well as the lack of data on the gut microbiota of patients with bronchial asthma (BA), the aim of the study was to assess the biodiversity of the gut microbiota of patients with IBS, UC and BA in comparison with those of healthy volunteers (HV). In this study, a comparative assessment of the biodiversity and taxonomic structure of gut microbiome was conducted based on the sequencing of 16S rRNA genes obtained from fecal samples of patients with IBS, UC, BA and volunteers. Sequences of the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes types dominated in all samples studied. The third most common in all samples were sequences of the Proteobacteria type, which contains pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria. Sequences of the Actinobacteria type were, on average, the fourth most common. The results showed the presence of dysbiosis in the samples from patients compared to the sample from HVs. The ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes was lower in the IBS and UC samples than in HV and higher the BA samples. In the samples from patients with intestinal diseases (IBS and UC), an increase in the proportion of sequences of the Bacteroidetes type and a decrease in the proportion of sequences of the Clostridia class, as well as the Ruminococcaceae, but not Erysipelotrichaceae family, were found. The IBS, UC, and BA samples had signif icantly more Proteobacteria sequences, including Methylobacterium, Sphingomonas, Parasutterella, Halomonas, Vibrio, as well as Escherichia spp. and Shigella spp. In the gut microbiota of adults with BA, a decrease in the proportion of Roseburia, Lachnospira, Veillonella sequences was detected, but the share of Faecalibacterium and Lactobacillus sequences was the same as in healthy individuals. A signif icant increase in the proportion of Halomonas and Vibrio sequences in the gut microbiota in patients with BA has been described for the f irst time.

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Probiotics in Irritable Bowel Syndrome: An Up-to-Date Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11092048 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 2048 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Hanna Fjeldheim Dale ◽

Stella Hellgren Rasmussen ◽

Özgün Ömer Asiller ◽

Gülen Arslan Lied

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Gastrointestinal Disorder ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Probiotic Supplementation ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Irritable Bowel ◽

Gut Microbiota Composition

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a frequent functional gastrointestinal disorder, and alterations in the gut microbiota composition contributes to symptom generation. The exact mechanisms of probiotics in the human body are not fully understood, but probiotic supplements are thought to improve IBS symptoms through manipulation of the gut microbiota. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the latest randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effect of probiotic supplementation on symptoms in IBS patients. A literature search was conducted in Medline (PubMed) until March 2019. RCTs published within the last five years evaluating effects of probiotic supplements on IBS symptoms were eligible. The search identified in total 35 studies, of which 11 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the systematic review. Seven studies (63.6%) reported that supplementation with probiotics in IBS patients significantly improved symptoms compared to placebo, whereas the remaining four studies (36.4%) did not report any significant improvement in symptoms after probiotic supplementation. Of note, three studies evaluated the effect of a mono-strain supplement, whereas the remaining eight trials used a multi-strain probiotic. Overall, the beneficial effects were more distinct in the trials using multi-strain supplements with an intervention of 8 weeks or more, suggesting that multi-strain probiotics supplemented over a period of time have the potential to improve IBS symptoms.

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The Impact of Low-Level Iron Supplements on the Faecal Microbiota of Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Healthy Donors Using In Vitro Batch Cultures

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12123819 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 3819

Author(s):

Carlos Poveda ◽

Dora I. A. Pereira ◽

Marie C. Lewis ◽

Gemma E. Walton

Keyword(s):

Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Iron Supplementation ◽

Ferrous Sulphate ◽

Fluorescence In Situ Hybridisation ◽

Batch Cultures ◽

Low Level ◽

Irritable Bowel ◽

The Impact

Ferrous iron supplementation has been reported to adversely alter the gut microbiota in infants. To date, the impact of iron on the adult microbiota is limited, particularly at low supplementary concentrations. The aim of this research was to explore the impact of low-level iron supplementation on the gut microbiota of healthy and Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) volunteers. Anaerobic, pH-controlled in vitro batch cultures were inoculated with faeces from healthy or IBS donors along with iron (ferrous sulphate, nanoparticulate iron and pea ferritin (50 μmol−1 iron)). The microbiota were explored by fluorescence in situ hybridisation coupled with flow cytometry. Furthermore, metabolite production was assessed by gas chromatography. IBS volunteers had different starting microbial profiles to healthy controls. The sources of iron did not negatively impact the microbial population, with results of pea ferritin supplementation being similar to nanoparticulate iron, whilst ferrous sulphate led to enhanced Bacteroides spp. The metabolite data suggested no shift to potentially negative proteolysis. The results indicate that low doses of iron from the three sources were not detrimental to the gut microbiota. This is the first time that pea ferritin fermentation has been tested and indicates that low dose supplementation of iron is unlikely to be detrimental to the gut microbiota.

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Gut-brain Axis: Role of Lipids in the Regulation of Inflammation, Pain and CNS Diseases

Current Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/0929867324666170216113756 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 (32) ◽

pp. 3930-3952 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

Roberto Russo ◽

Claudia Cristiano ◽

Carmen Avagliano ◽

Carmen De Caro ◽

Giovanna La Rana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Nervous System Diseases ◽

Central Nervous System Diseases ◽

Bioactive Lipids ◽

Microbial Composition ◽

Irritable Bowel

The human gut is a composite anaerobic environment with a large, diverse and dynamic enteric microbiota, represented by more than 100 trillion microorganisms, including at least 1000 distinct species. The discovery that a different microbial composition can influence behavior and cognition, and in turn the nervous system can indirectly influence enteric microbiota composition, has significantly contributed to establish the well-accepted concept of gut-brain axis. This hypothesis is supported by several evidence showing mutual mechanisms, which involve the vague nerve, the immune system, the hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal (HPA) axis modulation and the bacteria-derived metabolites. Many studies have focused on delineating a role for this axis in health and disease, ranging from stress-related disorders such as depression, anxiety and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) to neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism, and to neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson Disease, Alzheimer’s Disease etc. Based on this background, and considering the relevance of alteration of the symbiotic state between host and microbiota, this review focuses on the role and the involvement of bioactive lipids, such as the N-acylethanolamine (NAE) family whose main members are N-arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA), palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) and oleoilethanolamide (OEA), and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as butyrate, belonging to a large group of bioactive lipids able to modulate peripheral and central pathologic processes. Their effective role has been studied in inflammation, acute and chronic pain, obesity and central nervous system diseases. A possible correlation has been shown between these lipids and gut microbiota through different mechanisms. Indeed, systemic administration of specific bacteria can reduce abdominal pain through the involvement of cannabinoid receptor 1 in the rat; on the other hand, PEA reduces inflammation markers in a murine model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and butyrate, producted by gut microbiota, is effective in reducing inflammation and pain in irritable bowel syndrome and IBD animal models. In this review, we underline the relationship among inflammation, pain, microbiota and the different lipids, focusing on a possible involvement of NAEs and SCFAs in the gut-brain axis and their role in the central nervous system diseases.

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