Heavy Burdens: Ethical Issues Faced by Military Nurses during a War

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Kenny ◽  
Patricia Kelley
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
The United States ◽  
Service Members ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Military Nurses ◽  
Military Nursing ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
The Many

American nurses have faced hardship and challenges in every war period in the relatively short history of the United States. This study was an in-depth reanalysis of a two-phase larger study of uniformed service nurses caring for service members injured in the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. In this second phase, a qualitative descriptive study, 235 nurses and 67 wounded service members were interviewed in face-to-face discussions about their caring and care experiences. The article offers background information, discussion of the study methods, and presents some of the ethical issues faced by deployed nurses who were caring for the injured service members and injured/ill civilians during conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. Study findings revealed six themes that emerged directly from the data, providing a comprehensive picture of the many issues faced by these nurses. The stories of the nurses are used to illustrate many of their ethical dilemmas. We offer discussion with implications and recommendations for training and subsequent post-deployment care of these nurses. This article adds to the growing body of literature in the field of military nursing ethics.

scholarly journals Validation of Sexological Worldview

SAGE Open ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 215824401243907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin A. Sitron ◽  
Donald A. Dyson
Keyword(s):  
Attitude Change ◽  
Service Provision ◽  
Perspective Transformation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Developmental Characteristics ◽  
Definition Of

The authors originally posited that a new construct must be developed to measure the success of affective training for sexologists, particularly the Sexuality Attitudes Reassessment (SAR) modality. Couching their critique in studies that have been conducted to measure the SAR’s effectiveness as a method used to evoke perspective transformation and more sensitive and humanistic service provision, the authors argued that the development of a professional’s sexological worldview would be a more accurate construct than attitude change to measure when considering the outcomes of SAR training. This study in the United States used a two-phase qualitative approach to validate the proposed sexological worldview construct. In the first phase, they surveyed a panel of 16 sexologists regarding their original proposed definition of sexological worldview and refined it. In the second phase, they completed 30 one-on-one interviews with a convenience sample of sexologists and sexology students. Using an inductive content analysis of the interview transcripts, seven themes emerged in support of the proposed definition of sexological worldview, including its components and its developmental characteristics. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications for the use of the construct for the training of sexologists.

How Bioethics Can Enrich Medical-Legal Collaborations

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 847-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy T. Campbell ◽  
Jay Sicklick ◽  
Paula Galowitz ◽  
Randye Retkin ◽  
Stewart B. Fleishman
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
The Past ◽  
Interdisciplinary Nature ◽  
Legislative Support ◽  
The Many

Medical-legal partnerships (MLPs) — collaborative endeavors between health care clinicians and lawyers to more effectively address issues impacting health care — have proliferated over the past decade. The goal of this interdisciplinary approach is to improve the health outcomes and quality of life of patients and families, recognizing the many non-medical influences on health care and thus the value of an interdisciplinary team to enhance health. There are currently over 180 MLPs at over 200 hospitals and health centers in the United States, with increasing federal interest and potential legislative support of this model.This article examines the unique, interrelated, and often similar (although at times conflicting) ethical issues that confront the clinical and legal partners involved in MLPs. We contend that the ethical precepts of the clinical and legal professions should be seen as opportunities, not barriers, to further the interdisciplinary nature of MLPs.

scholarly journals Research on the pathophysiology, treatment, and prevention of suicide: practical and ethical issues

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison C. Nugent ◽  
Elizabeth D. Ballard ◽  
Lawrence T. Park ◽  
Carlos A. Zarate
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
The United States ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Ethical Concerns ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Current State ◽  
Psychotherapeutic Techniques ◽  
Suicidal Crisis

Abstract Background Despite decades of research, the rate of death from suicide is rising in the United States. Suicide is a complex and multifactorial phenomenon and, to date, no validated biomarkers that predict suicidal behavior have been identified. Only one FDA-approved drug to prevent suicide exists, and it is approved only for patients with schizophrenia. Although anti-suicide psychotherapeutic techniques exist, treatment takes time, and only preliminary data exist for rapid-acting therapies. Discussion While more research into suicidal ideation and acute suicidal behavior is clearly needed, this research is fraught with both practical and ethical concerns. As a result, many investigators and bioethicists have called for restrictions on the types of research that individuals with suicidal behavior can participate in, despite the fact that the available empirical evidence suggests that this research can be done safely. This manuscript presents background information on the phenomenology of suicide, discusses the current state of treatment and prevention strategies, and reviews the practical and ethical issues surrounding suicide research in the context of available empirical data. Summary Currently, the causes of suicide are poorly understood, in part due to the fact that very few studies have investigated the acute suicidal crisis. Although some biomarkers for predicting risk have been developed, none have been sufficiently validated. The most successful current interventions involve means restriction. However, while numerous hurdles face researchers, these are not insurmountable. The available evidence suggests that research into suicide can be conducted both safely and ethically.

Resources and practices to help graduate students and postdoctoral fellows write statements of teaching philosophy

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine D. Kearns ◽  
Carol Subiño Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Junior Faculty ◽  
The United States ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Teaching Philosophy ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
The Many ◽  
Faculty Mentors

students and postdoctoral fellows currently encounter requests for a statement of teaching philosophy in at least half of academic job announcements in the United States. A systematic process for the development of a teaching statement is required that integrates multiple sources of support, informs writers of the document's purpose and audience, helps writers produce thoughtful statements, and encourages meaningful reflection on teaching and learning. This article for faculty mentors and instructional consultants synthesizes practices for mentoring graduate students, postdoctoral fellows, and junior faculty members as they prepare statements of teaching philosophy. We review background information on purposes and audiences, provide writing resources, and synthesize empirical research on the use of teaching statements in academic job searches. In addition, we integrate these resources into mentoring processes that have helped graduate students in a Health Sciences Pedagogy course to collaboratively and critically examine and write about their teaching. This summary is intended for faculty mentors and instructional consultants who want to refine current resources or establish new mentoring programs. This guide also may be useful to graduate students, postdoctoral fellows, and junior faculty members, especially those who lack mentoring or who seek additional resources, as they consider the many facets of effective teaching.

Fully coupled thermohydraulic modelling of the sealing bulkheads and adjacent rock in a full-scale underground test

2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 1318-1329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruiping Guo ◽  
Jason Martino ◽  
David Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Pore Pressure ◽  
The United States ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Physical Test ◽  
Thermally Induced ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Entrapped Air ◽  
Adjacent Rock

The Tunnel Sealing Experiment (TSX) was a two-phase international project funded by Canada, Japan, France, and the United States. The first phase was pressurizing the TSX chamber to 4 MPa to investigate the ability of clay and concrete bulkheads to reduce hydraulic flows. The second phase involved circulating heated water through the chamber to evaluate the influence of elevated temperature on the performance of the bulkheads and adjacent rock. A numerical analysis to simulate thermohydraulic evolution of the bulkheads and surrounding rock of the TSX was conducted to help in understanding the physical test process and the interaction between heat and pore pressure evolutions. The simulated rock temperature matched the measured data quite well; however the simulated bulkhead temperatures were greater than the measured temperatures. The difference may have been caused by entrapped air or formation of microchannels in the chamber sand, which would decrease the amount of heat reaching the bulkheads. The simulated thermally induced pore pressure increase in the clay bulkhead reasonably matched the measured data for the saturated portion. The difference in magnitude between simulated and measured rock pore pressures indicates that thermo hy draulic simulation should be coupled with a mechanical component when the stiffness of the media is large and hydraulic conductivity is low.Key words: numerical modelling, Tunnel Sealing Experiment, nuclear waste management, hydraulic head, thermal conduction, thermal convection.

A Comparison of Tem and Apfim to the Interpretation of Modulated Microstructures

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 70-71
Author(s):  
M.G. Burke ◽  
M.K. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Superlattice Reflection ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Atom Probe ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Miscibility Gap ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Probe Field

Interpretation of fine-scale microstructures containing high volume fractions of second phase is complex. In particular, microstructures developed through decomposition within low temperature miscibility gaps may be extremely fine. This paper compares the morphological interpretations of such complex microstructures by the high-resolution techniques of TEM and atom probe field-ion microscopy (APFIM).The Fe-25 at% Be alloy selected for this study was aged within the low temperature miscibility gap to form a <100> aligned two-phase microstructure. This triaxially modulated microstructure is composed of an Fe-rich ferrite phase and a B2-ordered Be-enriched phase. The microstructural characterization through conventional bright-field TEM is inadequate because of the many contributions to image contrast. The ordering reaction which accompanies spinodal decomposition in this alloy permits simplification of the image by the use of the centered dark field technique to image just one phase. A CDF image formed with a B2 superlattice reflection is shown in fig. 1. In this CDF micrograph, the the B2-ordered Be-enriched phase appears as bright regions in the darkly-imaging ferrite. By examining the specimen in a [001] orientation, the <100> nature of the modulations is evident.

THE DYNAMIC FRACTURE OF TWO PHASE ALLOYS WITH SECOND PHASE INCLUSIONS

1985 ◽  
Vol 46 (C5) ◽  
pp. C5-251-C5-255
Author(s):  
S. Pytel ◽  
L. Wojnar
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Fracture ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Two Phase

Applying the Devil's Works in a Holy Cause: Working-Class Popular Culture and the Salvation Army in the United States, 1879-1900

1997 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-223
Author(s):  
Lillian Taiz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Popular Culture ◽  
York City ◽  
The United States ◽  
Salvation Army ◽  
Public Meeting ◽  
The Many ◽  
Sunday Evening

Forty-eight hours after they landed in New York City in 1880, a small contingent of the Salvation Army held their first public meeting at the infamous Harry Hill's Variety Theater. The enterprising Hill, alerted to the group's arrival from Britain by newspaper reports, contacted their leader, Commissioner George Scott Railton, and offered to pay the group to “do a turn” for “an hour or two on … Sunday evening.” In nineteenth-century New York City, Harry Hill's was one of the best known concert saloons, and reformers considered him “among the disreputable classes” of that city. His saloon, they said, was “nothing more than one of the many gates to hell.”

Behaviour of air injection nozzles in dissolved air flotation

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 25-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Rykaart ◽  
J. Haarhoff
Keyword(s):  
Bubble Coalescence ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Dissolved Air Flotation ◽  
Nozzle Orifice ◽  
Pressure Release ◽  
Air Volume ◽  
Air Flotation ◽  
Dissolved Air

A simple two-phase conceptual model is postulated to explain the initial growth of microbubbles after pressure release in dissolved air flotation. During the first phase bubbles merely expand from existing nucleation centres as air precipitates from solution, without bubble coalescence. This phase ends when all excess air is transferred to the gas phase. During the second phase, the total air volume remains the same, but bubbles continue to grow due to bubble coalescence. This model is used to explain the results from experiments where three different nozzle variations were tested, namely a nozzle with an impinging surface immediately outside the nozzle orifice, a nozzle with a bend in the nozzle channel, and a nozzle with a tapering outlet immediately outside the nozzle orifice. From these experiments, it is inferred that the first phase of bubble growth is completed at approximately 1.7 ms after the start of pressure release.

Persons with Disabilities and Public Health Ethics

2019 ◽  
pp. 218-231
Author(s):  
Monika Mitra ◽  
Linda Long-Bellil ◽  
Robyn Powell
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Public Health Policy ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Public Health Decision ◽  
Health Decision ◽  
Health Policy And Practice

This chapter draws on medical, social, and legal perspectives to identify and highlight ethical issues pertaining to the treatment, representation, and inclusion of persons with disabilities in public health policy and practice. A brief history of disability in the United States is provided as a context for examining the key ethical issues related to public health policy and practice. Conceptual frameworks and approaches to disability are then described and applied. The chapter then discusses the imperativeness of expanding access to public health programs by persons with disabilities, the need to address implicit and structural biases, and the importance of including persons with disabilities in public health decision-making.

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