Physiological stress responses and horse rider interactions in horses ridden by male and female riders

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Ille ◽  
C. Aurich ◽  
R. Erber ◽  
M. Wulf ◽  
R. Palme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Physical Effort ◽  
Rr Intervals ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Rr Interval ◽  
Horse Riding ◽  
Equestrian Sports

Traditionally, horse riding has been restricted to men but today equestrian sports are dominated by women. We hypothesised that men and women differ with regard to riding and the response they evoke in their horse. Cortisol and heart rate variability (HRV) were studied in male (n=8) and female riders (n=8) and in horses (n=8) ridden by men and women over a jumping course. Saliva for cortisol analysis was collected, cardiac beat to beat (RR) intervals were recorded and heart rate and HRV variables SDRR (standard deviation of RR interval) and RMSSD (root mean square of successive RR differences) calculated. In another experiment, saddle pressure was compared between male and female riders (n=5 each). Cortisol did not differ between male and female riders and increased in horses (P<0.001) irrespective of the sex of the rider. Heart rate in riders increased from walk to jumping (P<0.001) while HRV decreased (P<0.001) to the same extent in men and women. In horses, heart rate increased (P<0.001) and SDRR and RMSSD decreased during walk and remained low at trot and canter (P<0.001) irrespective of the riders’ sex. In trot (P<0.05) and canter (P<0.01) saddle pressure was slightly lower in female versus male riders. This is due to weight differences and not to a different seat. In conclusion, no fundamental differences existed in the physical effort, stress response and seat between male and female riders and in the response of horses to men and women.

The influence of intention implementation on throw effectiveness of young basketball players

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominika Wilczynska ◽  
Patrycja Lipinska ◽  
Malgorzata Wolujewicz-Czerlonko
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Physical Effort ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mental Preparation ◽  
Physiological Cost ◽  
State Orientation ◽  
Efficiency Test ◽  
Visualization Techniques

AbstractBackground: The purpose of the following research was to find out the influence of imaginary training based on intention implementation on throw effectiveness of young basketball players, both male and female in stressogenic situations. Individual differences (action vs state orientation) between players were also measured in this research.Material/Methods: 76 players (32 females and 44 males) in the cadet category (15-16 years old) from basketball clubs of Gdansk, Gdynia and Sopot took part in this research. In the first stage all players did a throw efficiency test ERPE 05 under two conditions, and their heart rate was measured. Then players were randomly assigned to one of two groups. The first one did imaginary training based on the influence of intention implementation for 10 days, while the other did not. After 10 days ERPE 05 test under two conditions was run again.Results: Test results showed that intention implementation does not influence effectiveness improvement in stressogenic conditions as far as state-oriented players are concerned, but it does lower the physiological cost of physical effort in form of a decreased heart rate.Conclusions: This research proves that visualization training based on implementation instructions does influence young players’ physiology and significantly lowers their heart rate under stressogenic conditions. However useful, visualization techniques used in this research still need other tests and should be applied for a longer period of time to acutely show how they affect young players’ mental preparation

Responses to social evaluative stress in regular cannabis smokers

2021 ◽  
pp. 026988112097233
Author(s):  
Richard J Xia ◽  
Thomas Chao ◽  
Divya Patel ◽  
Gillinder Bedi
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Mood States ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Subjective Response ◽  
Negative Mood States ◽  
Stress Responding

Background: Aspects of the canonical stress response differ in stimulant, opioid, and alcohol users relative to controls, and dysregulated responses to stress may contribute to continued use of these drugs. Little prior research has focused on stress responses in regular cannabis smokers. We assessed responses to a standardized laboratory social stress assay (the Trier Social Stress Task; TSST) in regular cannabis smokers (CANs) compared with controls (CONs). Methods: Healthy, non-treatment-seeking adult CANs (⩾4×/week; smoking cannabis as usual) and demographically matched CONs completed the TSST. Outcome measures were subjective mood, heart rate, and salivary cortisol. Results: Nineteen CANs (1 female) and 20 CONs (2 female) participated; groups were matched on trauma exposure, sex, race, and age. CANs smoked cannabis 6.4 ± 1.1 days/week. Eight CANs and one CON smoked tobacco cigarettes daily. Overall, the TSST produced expected increases in anxiety, negative mood states, cortisol, and heart rate. CANs had blunted subjective response to stress relative to CONs, but they did not differ in physiological (cortisol and cardiovascular) stress responding. Conclusion: These results indicate that CANs have blunted mood responses to social stress, but normative physiological stress responding. Observed differences could be due to residual effects of cannabis, reluctance to endorse negative mood states, or to issues related to identifying (i.e., emotional identification) or feeling (i.e., interoception) stress-related affective states. Further research is warranted to characterize the mechanisms of these differences and assess implications for daily functioning and treatment outcomes.

“Men are Better Than Women!” The Positive Effect of a Negative Stereotype Toward Women on a Self-Paced Cycling Exercise

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 242-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxime Deshayes ◽  
Corentin Clément-Guillotin ◽  
Raphaël Zory
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Stereotype Threat ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Technical Skills ◽  
Cycling Exercise ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Negative Stereotype ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Better Than

Previous research on the stereotype threat phenomenon has shown that inducing a negative stereotype toward a group debilitates motor performance despite the increase in motivation. Most of the studies focused on tasks requiring technical skills. However, what happens when the task does not require technical skills but focuses on energy expenditure? To examine this question, 34 male and female participants were assigned to a negative stereotype toward women and a nullified-stereotype condition and performed 20 min of self-paced cycling exercise. The authors hypothesized better performances when participants were assigned to the negative stereotype toward women condition than when assigned to the nullified-stereotype condition. As predicted, men and women increased their performances, accompanied by increases in heart rate. Concerning women, this result provides support for the notion that the effect of inducing a negative stereotype is task dependent, but further research is needed to more deeply investigate the mechanisms involved.

The Sensitivity of The Heart Rate Detection for Atrial Electrograms Signal

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
Pang Seng Kong ◽  
Nasarudin Ahmad ◽  
Fazilah Hassan ◽  
Anita Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Wavelet Transform ◽  
Discrete Wavelet Transform ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Discrete Wavelet ◽  
Ecg Signal ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Rr Intervals ◽  
Rr Interval

Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is the most familiar example of arrhythmia that will occur health problems such as stroke, heart failure and other complications. Globally, the number of AF patients will more than triple by 2050 worldwide. Current methods involve performing large-area ablation without knowing the exact location of key parts. The reliability of the technology can be used as a target for atrial fibrillation’s catheter ablation. The factors that leading to the onset of atrial fibrillation include the triggering factors that induce arrhythmia and the substrate that maintains the arrhythmia. The project’s aim is to create a method for identifying AF that can be used as screening tool in medical practice. The primary goals for the detection method’s design are to develop a MATLAB software program that can compare the complexity of a normal ECG signal and an AF ECG signal. Currently, this can be achieved by the ECG Signal’s R peaks and RR Interval. For AF detection, there are more R peaks and RR Intervals and it is irregular. In this research, the detection of AF is based on the heart rate (RR Intervals). For the ECG preprocessing, Pan-Tompkins Algorithm and Discrete Wavelet Transform is used to detect the sensitivity on the R peaks and RR Intervals. As a result, Discrete Wavelet Transform algorithm gives 100% sensitivity for the dataset obtained from MIT-BIH Atrial Fibrillation and MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database.  

scholarly journals Relationship of heart rate variability with iron status in metabolic syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-53
Author(s):  
Halima Akter Munni ◽  
Shelina Begum
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Rr Intervals ◽  
Rr Interval ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Relationship Of

Background: Clustering of some most dreadful cardiovascular risk factors gives rise to metabolic syndrome (MetS). Higher iron status and impaired cardiac autonomic status may important play role in increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity in this group of patients. Objective: To observe the relationship of HRV with iron status in patients with MetS. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Shahbag, Dhaka from March, 2019 to February, 2020. For this study, 35 MetS female patients aged 25 to 45 years were enrolled in MetS group and equal number of age and sex matched apparently healthy subjects constituted control group. For evaluation of iron status, serum iron, serum ferritin, total iron binding capacity (TIBC) and transferrin saturation (Tsat) were measured by autoanalyzer. HRV was assessed by Powerlab 8/35, AD instruments, Australia. Data were expressed as mean±SD. Statistical analysis was done by Independent sample ‘t’ test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient test as applicable. Results: In this study, resting pulse rate, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were significantly (p<0.001) higher and mean heart rate, standard deviation of the RR intervals (SDRR),mean R-R interval, standard deviation of the difference betweensuccessive RR intervals (SDSD), square root of mean squared differences of successive RR intervals (RMSSD), proportion of difference of successive RR interval greater than 50 ms (pRR50) were significantly (p<0.001) lower in MetS patients compared to control. Among the parameters of iron status, serum ferritin was significantly (p£<0.05) higher and TIBCwas significantly(p<0.05) lower in MetS patients in comparison to control. On correlation analysis, only the TIBC showed significant positive correlation with mean RR interval, SDRR, CVRR, SDSD, RMSSD, pRR50 (p<0.05) in MetS patients. Conclusion: This study reveals that poor parasympathetic activity is related to higher iron status in metabolic syndrome patients. J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2020, June; 15(1): 46-53

Heart rate and heart rate variability of healthy cats in home and hospital environments

2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan A Abbott
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Fast Fourier Transform ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Rr Intervals ◽  
Rr Interval ◽  
Hospital Environments ◽  
Echocardiographic Examination ◽  
Veterinary Hospital

To investigate heart rate and its variability, a telemetry device was affixed to 16 healthy, young cats. Prior to inclusion in the study, cats were subject to echocardiographic examination. The heart rate (HR) when cats were restrained for echocardiography (HRr) was calculated from 4–5 consecutive RR intervals obtained from a simultaneously recorded electrocardiogram. Electrocardiographic data were then acquired by telemetry in a quiet room in the veterinary hospital (VTH) and later, in the owner's home (home). The ambulatory data were digitally sampled and the RR interval tachogram from a 4 min epoch subject to Fast Fourier Transform to yield measures of heart rate variability (HRV). Sinus arrhythmia was often observed in resting cats. Heart rates (bpm) expressed as mean (±SD) were: HRr: 187 (±25), HRVTH: 150 (±23), HRhome: 132 (±19); each of these rates was significantly different from the others. Significant differences in profiles of HRV suggested that sympathetic tone was higher (and parasympathetic tone lower) when cats were in the hospital.

scholarly journals Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia in Children—Predictable or Random?

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Lubocka ◽  
Robert Sabiniewicz
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Interval Length ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Rr Intervals ◽  
Rr Interval ◽  
The Difference

Background: Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is associated with better health in children.Aim: The study was conducted to analyze the trajectory of RSA in 10-year-olds.Methods: A follow-up study on 120 healthy children (62 boys) aged 10.7 ± 0.5 years consisted of a standard 12-lead electrocardiogram, measurements of height, weight and blood pressure. The protocol was repeated after 3 years. Assessment of RSA based on semi-automatic measurements of RR intervals included: the difference between the longest and shortest RR interval duration (pvRSA), the root mean square of differences between successive RR intervals (RMSSD), the standard deviation of the RR interval length (SDNN) and their equivalents corrected for heart rate (RMSSDc and SDNNc).Results: A the first visit 61.7% of children presented with RSA; 51.7% 3 years later. 23.3% of them had RSA only on the first examination; 13.3% only on the second one. The pvRSA, RMSSD, and SDNN measured in 2019 did not differ significantly from their 2016 equivalents (p &gt; 0.05). The decline in RSA defined by RMSSD was noted in 52.5% of children and in 54.2% when defined by SDNN. The corrected values decreased in 68.3 and 64.2% of the participants for RMSSDc and SDNNc, respectively. The students with RSA at both visits had lower heart rate (p &lt; 0.001) and systolic blood pressure (p = 0.010) compared to those with rhythmic electrocardiograms.Conclusions: RSA in children is changeable, though its measurable indices should be adjusted to heart rate.

scholarly journals EXAMINATION STRESS

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (04) ◽  
pp. 550-555
Author(s):  
ZAFAR IQBAL ◽  
TASNEEM ZAFAR
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stress Group ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Examination Stress

O b j e c t i v e : 1: To examine the effects of examination stress in young adult male and female medical students on cardiovascularsystem and thyroid gland (i.e. thyroid hormones; T3,T4).2:To find out whether the responses are sex dependent or not. S e t t i n g : Departmentof Biochemistry NMC Multan (1997-1998). Patients a n d m e t h o d : Examination stress was studied in 28 young female and 21 young malevolunteer medical students, 0.5 hour before Biochemistry examination (stress condition), at 10-12 a.m. and about six weeks after examination(control condition) at the same time in the year 1997. Estimation of Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3) and T3 /T4 was done in patientsand control subjects. R e s u l t s : There were no differences in body mass index of male and female groups in control and stress group.Subsequent analysis between two sexes showed that males subjects had significantly higher systolic (124.7±40.1 mmHg) and diastolic bloodpressure (76.56±2.48 mmHg). Heart rate (84.6±2.63) increases in stress condition, in both sexes, but in males the increasing of heart rate ismore than in females. Whereas females had higher respiratory frequency in stress condition, as compared to males. The levels of T3 in femalestress group were higher than male stress group but statistically not significant. The mean values of T4 were highly significant in female stressgroup than in male stress group. C o n c l u s i o n s : Stress responses to examination are different between two sexes. The differences in responsesto examination stress between male and female showed a greater increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rateand also thyroid hormones in response to stress. It is suggested that as the examination is a stressful condition and different effects of stresson male and female medical students should be considered. The clinical presentation is palpitations, tremors, nervousness, apathy, fatigue,thirst, and emotional un-stability is due to the increase of thyroid hormones. Students are guided to remain relaxed, as neurotransmitters andhormones are released which may effect the overall performance of the students. Further study may be down to find out the effects of stresson other systems of the body which may be helpful in future to avoid the poor mental health status during the examination.

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