The case for a wider range of flies for use in waste bioconversion

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
N.J. Parry ◽  
E. Pieterse ◽  
C.W. Weldon
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Meat Processing ◽  
Processing Waste ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Rearing Conditions

Bioconversion is the process whereby nutrients are recovered from organic waste products, often by flies, to produce value-added products such as protein for animal feed and lipids for biodiesel production. Currently, research and industry focus on a select few fly species for use in bioconversion that are generalists in their feeding behaviour, the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens L., and the housefly, Musca domestica L. More investigation is needed on species of flies that are more suited to underutilised waste streams, including meat processing waste. Species of flies that breed in carrion, such as blowflies (Calliphoridae) and flesh flies (Sarcophagidae) can be used to reduce meat processing waste and produce a valuable source of protein. In this review, we propose more investigation and use of a wider range of fly species for bioconversion of organic waste. Four blowfly species are recommended for use in the bioconversion of meat processing waste or a mixture of manure waste and meat processing waste. Chrysomya chloropyga (Wiedemann) is a large mammal carcass specialist and has been found to be effective at recovering nutrients from abattoir waste within four days and producing large larvae in the process. Chrysomya putoria (Wiedemann) and Chrysomya megacephala (Wiedemann) naturally breed in carrion and faeces, are associated with pit latrines and respond well under mass rearing conditions, with high egg production. These species would be recommended for a large-scale bioconversion facility that receives mixed waste streams including manure and animal remains. Lucilia sericata is known to produce antimicrobial compounds that assist in wound healing and has been frequently bred and studied and responds well to lab and mass rearing conditions. We recognise the potential obstacles to using alternative species in industrial-scale bioconversion facilities and pose future directions for research to overcome these challenges.

Cryo comminution of food waste

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.S. Sridhar
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Food Wastes ◽  
Meat Processing ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Content Type ◽  
A Value ◽  
Comminution Process ◽  
By Products

Purpose – The present study involved the development of a value-added comminution process for different recycled meat processing by-products such as bones for management of waste products. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – An indigenous cryo-grinding system was developed and pilot scale comminution tests were carried out on goat and hen bones under different temperature conditions ranging between −15°C and −40°C and sample pre-conditioning adopting liquid nitrogen as a grinding medium. Findings – Cryo comminution produces finer, uniform particle sizes, increased specific surface area per unit mass with lesser specific energy consumption in comparison to room temperature comminution. Breakage behavior studies showed that hardness (609-685 MPa) and brittleness (24-29 m−1/2) and strain energy decreased (3.1-1.1 N-m) as the temperature was lowered. Weight mean diameter, specific energy consumption under ambient and cryogenic conditions, respectively, were 125 and 80 μm, 1,303 and 1,108 kJ/kg. The process developed attempts to eliminate environmental pollution by reducing food wastes generated and incorporates value to waste products. Originality/value – A value-added comminution process for meat processing by-products such as bones was developed to reduce food wastes generated as well as environmental pollution. The process aims to improve public health stressing the importance of recycling through the management of food waste products. Public and private organizations can act as profit centers generating significant revenue and employment by adopting the process.

scholarly journals Techno-Economic Assessment of a Scaled-Up Meat Waste Biorefinery System: A Simulation Study

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oseweuba Okoro ◽  
Zhifa Sun ◽  
John Birch
Keyword(s):  
Economic Performance ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Total Mass ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Meat Industry ◽  
Meat Processing ◽  
Processing Waste ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Mass Feed

While exports from the meat industry in New Zealand constitute a valuable source of foreign exchange, the meat industry is also responsible for the generation of large masses of waste streams. These meat processing waste streams are largely biologically unstable and are capable of leading to unfavourable environmental outcomes if not properly managed. To enable the effective management of the meat processing waste streams, a value-recovery based strategy, for the complete valorisation of the meat processing waste biomass, is proposed. In the present study therefore, a biorefinery system that integrates the biomass conversion technologies of hydrolysis, esterification, anaerobic digestion and hydrothermal liquefaction has been modelled, simulated and optimized for enhanced environmental performance and economic performance. It was determined that an initial positive correlation between the mass feed rate of the waste to the biorefinery system and its environmental performance exists. However, beyond an optimal total mass feed rate of the waste stream there is a deterioration of the environmental performance of the biorefinery system. It was also determined that economies of scale ensure that any improvement in the economic performance of the biorefinery system with increasing total mass feed rate of the waste stream, is sustained. The present study established that the optimized meat waste biorefinery system facilitated a reduction in the unit production costs of the value-added products of biodiesel, biochar and biocrude compared the literature-obtained unit production costs of the respective aforementioned products when generated from stand-alone systems. The unit production cost of biogas was however shown to be comparable to the literature-obtained unit production cost of biogas. Finally, the present study showed that the optimized meat processing waste biorefinery could achieve enhanced economic performance while simultaneously maintaining favourable environmental sustainability.

A comprehensive overview and recent advances on polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) production using various organic waste streams

2021 ◽  
Vol 325 ◽  
pp. 124685
Author(s):  
Rijuta Ganesh Saratale ◽  
Si-Kyung Cho ◽  
Ganesh Dattatraya Saratale ◽  
Avinash A. Kadam ◽  
Gajanan S. Ghodake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Waste ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Pha Production

scholarly journals Solvent-Free Benzylation of Glycerol by Benzyl Alcohol Using Heteropoly Acid Impregnated on K-10 Clay as Catalyst

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Devendra P. Tekale ◽  
Ganapati D. Yadav ◽  
Ajay K. Dalai
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Catalysis ◽  
Benzyl Alcohol ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Solvent Free ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Area Measurement ◽  
Solid Catalyst ◽  
Glycerol Ether ◽  
Insight Into

Value addition to glycerol, the sole co-product in biodiesel production, will lead to reform of the overall biodiesel economy. Different valuable chemicals can be produced from glycerol using heterogeneous catalysis and these valuable chemicals are useful in industries such as cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, fuels, soap, paints, and fine chemicals. Therefore, the conversion of glycerol to valuable chemicals using heterogeneous catalysis is a noteworthy area of research. Etherification of glycerol with alkenes or alcohols is an important reaction in converting glycerol to various value-added chemicals. This article describes reaction of glycerol with benzyl alcohol in solvent-free medium by using a clay supported modified heteropolyacid (HPA), Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40/K-10 (Cs-DTP/K-10) as solid catalyst and its comparison with other catalysts in a batch reactor. Mono-Benzyl glycerol ether (MBGE) was the major product formed in the reaction along with formation of di-benzyl glycerol ether (DBGE). The effects of different parameters were studied to optimize the reaction parameters. This work provides an insight into characterization of Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40/K-10 catalyst by advanced techniques such as surface area measurement, X-ray analysis, ICP-MS, FT-IR, and SEM. Reaction products were characterized and confirmed by using the GCMS method. The kinetic model was developed from an insight into the reaction mechanism. The apparent energy of activation was found to be 18.84 kcal/mol.

scholarly journals Optimizing the catalytic activities of methanol and thermotolerant Kocuria flava lipases for biodiesel production from cooking oil wastes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Azhar Najjar ◽  
Elhagag Ahmed Hassan ◽  
Nidal Zabermawi ◽  
Saber H. Saber ◽  
Leena H. Bajrai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Relative Activity ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Enzyme Biocatalysis ◽  
Methanol Tolerant

AbstractIn this study, two highly thermotolerant and methanol-tolerant lipase-producing bacteria were isolated from cooking oil and they exhibited a high number of catalytic lipase activities recording 18.65 ± 0.68 U/mL and 13.14 ± 0.03 U/mL, respectively. Bacterial isolates were identified according to phenotypic and genotypic 16S rRNA characterization as Kocuria flava ASU5 (MT919305) and Bacillus circulans ASU11 (MT919306). Lipases produced from Kocuria flava ASU5 showed the highest methanol tolerance, recording 98.4% relative activity as well as exhibited high thermostability and alkaline stability. Under the optimum conditions obtained from 3D plots of response surface methodology design, the Kocuria flava ASU5 biocatalyst exhibited an 83.08% yield of biodiesel at optimized reaction variables of, 60 ○C, pH value 8 and 1:2 oil/alcohol molar ratios in the reaction mixture. As well as, the obtained results showed the interactions of temperature/methanol were significant effects, whereas this was not noted in the case of temperature/pH and pH/methanol interactions. The obtained amount of biodiesel from cooking oil was 83.08%, which was analyzed by a GC/Ms profile. The produced biodiesel was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) approaches showing an absorption band at 1743 cm−1, which is recognized for its absorption in the carbonyl group (C=O) which is characteristic of ester absorption. The energy content generated from biodiesel synthesized was estimated as 12,628.5 kJ/mol. Consequently, Kocuria flava MT919305 may provide promising thermostable, methanol-tolerant lipases, which may improve the economic feasibility and biotechnology of enzyme biocatalysis in the synthesis of value-added green chemicals.

Effect of Silicon Carbide Susceptor and Nickel Catalyst Content on Microwave Enhanced Thermal Conversion of Glycerol Waste

2010 ◽  
Vol 658 ◽  
pp. 73-76
Author(s):  
Yotwadee Hawangchu ◽  
Duangduen Atong ◽  
Viboon Sricharoenchaikul
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Carbide ◽  
Nickel Catalyst ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Thermal Conversion ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Spent Catalyst ◽  
Catalyst Content ◽  
Transesterification Method

Glycerol waste is by-product from the manufacturing of biodiesel by transesterification method containing impurities such as fatty acid, alcohol, spent catalyst, soap and water. Conversion of this waste to value added fuel products would not only improve economic of biodiesel production but also reduce environmental impact from this process. In this work, thermal conversion of glycerol waste by microwave that induced the heat required for initiating the reaction was carried out in a fixed bed quartz reactor using silicon carbide as the bed medium for microwave receptor as well as supporter for nickel catalyst. For non-catalytic reaction at 220W (700°C), carbon and hydrogen conversions were 22.89% and 19.59%, respectively. Gas production was 0.12 L/min syngas, 0.07 L/min H2, 0.82 MJ/m3 of LHV, and 1.27 H2/CO. In catalytic test, the highest syngas, H2, and LHV of 0.41 L/min, 0.23 L/min, and 9.18 MJ/m3, respectively, were obtained from 1%Ni/SiC while the highest H2/CO of 2.72 was obtained from 0.5%Ni/SiC. The 1%Ni/SiC test also resulted in the highest conversion of carbon and hydrogen as much as 79.50% and 83.26%, respectively. For comparison between fresh and regenerated catalysts, it was found that fresh catalyst performed significantly better that regenerated one in term of higher total conversion which may due to sodium deposition on spent catalyst surface.

Target and Nontarget Screening of PFAS in Biosolids, Composts, and Other Organic Waste Products for Land Application in France

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Munoz ◽  
Aurélia Marcelline Michaud ◽  
Min Liu ◽  
Sung Vo Duy ◽  
Denis Montenach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Waste ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Nontarget Screening

scholarly journals Value-Added Products from Urea Glycerolysis Using a Heterogeneous Biosolids-Based Catalyst

Catalysts ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mattia Bartoli ◽  
Chengyong Zhu ◽  
Michael Chae ◽  
David Bressler
Keyword(s):  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Thermal Hydrolysis ◽  
Process Economics ◽  
Air Stream ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Value Added Products

Although thermal hydrolysis of digested biosolids is an extremely promising strategy for wastewater management, the process economics are prohibitive. Here, a biosolids-based material generated through thermal hydrolysis was used as a catalyst for urea glycerolysis performed under several conditions. The catalytic system showed remarkable activity, reaching conversion values of up to 70.8 ± 0.9% after six hours, at 140 °C using a catalyst/glycerol weight ratio of 9% and an air stream to remove NH3 formed during the process. Temperature played the most substantial role among reaction parameters; increasing temperature from 100 °C to 140 °C improved conversion by 35% and glycidol selectivity by 22%. Furthermore, the catalyst retained good activity even after the fourth catalytic run (conversion rate of 56.4 ± 1.3%) with only a slight decrease in glycidol selectivity. Thus, the use of a biosolids-based catalyst may facilitate conversion of various glycerol sources (i.e., byproduct streams from biodiesel production) into value-added products such as glycidol, and may also improve the economic feasibility of using thermal hydrolysis for treatment of biosolids.

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