Effect of Silicon Carbide Susceptor and Nickel Catalyst Content on Microwave Enhanced Thermal Conversion of Glycerol Waste

2010 ◽  
Vol 658 ◽  
pp. 73-76
Author(s):  
Yotwadee Hawangchu ◽  
Duangduen Atong ◽  
Viboon Sricharoenchaikul
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Carbide ◽  
Nickel Catalyst ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Thermal Conversion ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Spent Catalyst ◽  
Catalyst Content ◽  
Transesterification Method

Glycerol waste is by-product from the manufacturing of biodiesel by transesterification method containing impurities such as fatty acid, alcohol, spent catalyst, soap and water. Conversion of this waste to value added fuel products would not only improve economic of biodiesel production but also reduce environmental impact from this process. In this work, thermal conversion of glycerol waste by microwave that induced the heat required for initiating the reaction was carried out in a fixed bed quartz reactor using silicon carbide as the bed medium for microwave receptor as well as supporter for nickel catalyst. For non-catalytic reaction at 220W (700°C), carbon and hydrogen conversions were 22.89% and 19.59%, respectively. Gas production was 0.12 L/min syngas, 0.07 L/min H2, 0.82 MJ/m3 of LHV, and 1.27 H2/CO. In catalytic test, the highest syngas, H2, and LHV of 0.41 L/min, 0.23 L/min, and 9.18 MJ/m3, respectively, were obtained from 1%Ni/SiC while the highest H2/CO of 2.72 was obtained from 0.5%Ni/SiC. The 1%Ni/SiC test also resulted in the highest conversion of carbon and hydrogen as much as 79.50% and 83.26%, respectively. For comparison between fresh and regenerated catalysts, it was found that fresh catalyst performed significantly better that regenerated one in term of higher total conversion which may due to sodium deposition on spent catalyst surface.

Thermal Conversion of Mixed Wastes From Biodiesel Manufacturing for Production of Fuel Gas

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duangduen Atong ◽  
Viboon Sricharoenchaikul
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Thermal Conversion ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
Physic Nut ◽  
Palm Shell ◽  
Mixed Wastes

Thermochemical conversion process has become a viable technology for managing excess waste from various industries while producing value added fuel products. In the work reported here, distribution of products (solid, liquid, and gas) by thermal conversion of wastes from biodiesel production process which are extracted physic nut and palm shell mixed with glycerol waste was carried out using a medium scale tubular reactor with feeding rate of 5 g/min. Several important operating parameters were studied including the proportion of each waste (100:0 – 70:30), reaction temperature (700 – 900°C) and air to fuel ratio (AF) 0.0 – 0.6. It was found that when the temperature increased, the quantity of solid and liquid product decreased while gas product increased. For conversion to CO2, CO, CxHy and H2, when the temperature increased, CO2 decreased while yields of CO, CH4 and H2 increased. Greater conversion to CO2, CO, H2 with AF increased from 0.0 to 0.3. Higher AF from 0.3 to 0.6 resulted in lesser CO and H2 while conversion to CO2 increased. On the other hand, CxHy decreased when AF changed from 0.0 to 0.6. The maximum heating values of gas product in this study are 3.48 MJ/m3 and 2.27 MJ/m3 for glycerol waste mixed with physic nut waste and palm shell waste, respectively (both at 30% glycerol wastes and reaction temperature of 900°C). The maximum of mole ratio of H2 to CO obtained is 0.59 for physic nut and 0.37 for palm shell mixed wastes. Relatively high CxHy, low product gas heating value and H2 to CO ratio indicated the need for further product upgrading before using as raw material for other advanced fuel production processes such as Fisher-Tropsch, DME, or methanol syntheses beside direct heat and power utilization.

scholarly journals Green energy technology from buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L. f.) for Brazilian agro-extractive communities

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Munique Gonçalves Guimarães ◽  
Rafael Benjamin Werneburg Evaristo ◽  
Augusto César de Mendonça Brasil ◽  
Grace Ferreira Ghesti
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Content ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Thermal Conversion ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Mauritia Flexuosa ◽  
Immediate Analysis

AbstractThe present work analyzed the energy generation potential of Buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L. f.) by thermochemical reactions. The experimental part of the study performed immediate analyses, elemental analyses, lignocellulosic analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, calorific values, and syn gas concentrations measurements of the gasification of Buriti in a fixed-bed reactor. Additionally, numerical simulations estimated the syn gas concentrations of the gasification reactions of Buriti. The immediate analysis showed that Buriti has the highest ash content (4.66%) and highest volatile matter content (85%) compared to other Brazilian biomass analyzed, but the higher heating value was only 18.28 MJ.kg−1. The elemental analysis revealed that the oxygen to carbon ratio was 0.51 while hydrogen to carbon ratio was 1.74, indicating a good thermal conversion efficiency. The Lignocellulosic analysis of Buriti resulted in a high content of holocellulose (69.64%), a lignin content of 28.21% and extractives content of 7.52%. The thermogravimetry of the Buriti indicated that the highest mass loss (51.92%) occurred in a temperature range between 150 °C and 370 °C. Lastly, the experimental gasification study in a fixed-bed updraft gasifier resulted in syn gas concentrations of 14.4% of CO, 11.5% of CO2 and 17.5% of H2 while the numerical simulation results confirmed an optimal equivalence ratio of 1.7 to maximize CO and H2 concentrations. Therefore, based on the results presented by the present work, the gasification process is adequate to transform Buriti wastes into energy resources. Graphic abstract

scholarly journals Effect of Ni(NO3)2 Pretreatment on the Pyrolysis of Organsolv Lignin Derived from Corncob Residue

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Wenli Wang ◽  
Yichen Liu ◽  
Yue Wang ◽  
Longfei Liu ◽  
Changwei Hu
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Fuels And Chemicals ◽  
Gas Products ◽  
Work Samples ◽  
Nickel Species ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selective Formation

The thermal degradation of lignin for value-added fuels and chemicals is important for environment improvement and sustainable development. The impact of pretreatment and catalysis of Ni(NO3)2 on the pyrolysis behavior of organsolv lignin were studied in the present work. Samples were pyrolyzed at 500 ∘C with an upward fixed bed, and the characteristics of bio-oil were determined. After pretreatment by Ni(NO3)2, the yield of monophenols increased from 23.3 wt.% to 30.2 wt.% in “Ni-washed” and decreased slightly from 23.3 wt.% to 20.3 wt.% in “Ni-unwashed”. Meanwhile, the selective formation of vinyl-monophenols was promoted in “Ni-unwashed”, which indicated that the existence of nickel species promoted the dehydration of C-OH and breakage of C-C in pyrolysis. In comparison with “Water”, HHV of bio-oil derived from “Ni-unwashed” slightly increased from 27.94 mJ/kg to 28.46 mJ/kg, suggesting that the lowering of oxygen content in bio-oil is associated with improved quality. Furthermore, the content of H2 in gas products dramatically increased from 2.0% to 7.6% and 17.1%, respectively.

scholarly journals Effects of brewers’ spent grain protein hydrolysates on gas production, ruminal fermentation characteristics, microbial protein synthesis and microbial community in an artificial rumen fed a high grain diet

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Ran ◽  
Long Jin ◽  
Ranithri Abeynayake ◽  
Atef Mohamed Saleem ◽  
Xiumin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Protein Hydrolysates ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Spent Grain

Abstract Background Brewers’ spent grain (BSG) typically contains 20% – 29% crude protein (CP) with high concentrations of glutamine, proline and hydrophobic and non-polar amino acid, making it an ideal material for producing value-added products like bioactive peptides which have antioxidant properties. For this study, protein was extracted from BSG, hydrolyzed with 1% alcalase and flavourzyme, with the generated protein hydrolysates (AlcH and FlaH) showing antioxidant activities. This study evaluated the effects of AlcH and FlaH on gas production, ruminal fermentation characteristics, nutrient disappearance, microbial protein synthesis and microbial community using an artificial rumen system (RUSITEC) fed a high-grain diet. Results As compared to the control of grain only, supplementation of FlaH decreased (P < 0.01) disappearances of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), CP and starch, without affecting fibre disappearances; while AlcH had no effect on nutrient disappearance. Neither AlcH nor FlaH affected gas production or VFA profiles, however they increased (P < 0.01) NH3-N and decreased (P < 0.01) H2 production. Supplementation of FlaH decreased (P < 0.01) the percentage of CH4 in total gas and dissolved-CH4 (dCH4) in dissolved gas. Addition of monensin reduced (P < 0.01) disappearance of nutrients, improved fermentation efficiency and reduced CH4 and H2 emissions. Total microbial nitrogen production was decreased (P < 0.05) but the proportion of feed particle associated (FPA) bacteria was increased with FlaH and monensin supplementation. Numbers of OTUs and Shannon diversity indices of FPA microbial community were unaffected by AlcH and FlaH; whereas both indices were reduced (P < 0.05) by monensin. Taxonomic analysis revealed no effect of AlcH and FlaH on the relative abundance (RA) of bacteria at phylum level, whereas monensin reduced (P < 0.05) the RA of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes and enhanced Proteobacteria. Supplementation of FlaH enhanced (P < 0.05) the RA of genus Prevotella, reduced Selenomonas, Shuttleworthia, Bifidobacterium and Dialister as compared to control; monensin reduced (P < 0.05) RA of genus Prevotella but enhaced Succinivibrio. Conclusions The supplementation of FlaH in high-grain diets may potentially protect CP and starch from ruminal degradation, without adversely affecting fibre degradation and VFA profiles. It also showed promising effects on reducing CH4 production by suppressing H2 production. Protein enzymatic hydrolysates from BSG using flavourzyme showed potential application to high value-added bio-products.

scholarly journals Biodiesel Production from Microalgae by Extraction – Transesterification Method

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Phuong Thao ◽  
Nguyen Thanh Tin ◽  
Bui Xuan Thanh
Keyword(s):  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Transesterification Method

scholarly journals Solvent-Free Benzylation of Glycerol by Benzyl Alcohol Using Heteropoly Acid Impregnated on K-10 Clay as Catalyst

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Devendra P. Tekale ◽  
Ganapati D. Yadav ◽  
Ajay K. Dalai
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Catalysis ◽  
Benzyl Alcohol ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Solvent Free ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Area Measurement ◽  
Solid Catalyst ◽  
Glycerol Ether ◽  
Insight Into

Value addition to glycerol, the sole co-product in biodiesel production, will lead to reform of the overall biodiesel economy. Different valuable chemicals can be produced from glycerol using heterogeneous catalysis and these valuable chemicals are useful in industries such as cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, fuels, soap, paints, and fine chemicals. Therefore, the conversion of glycerol to valuable chemicals using heterogeneous catalysis is a noteworthy area of research. Etherification of glycerol with alkenes or alcohols is an important reaction in converting glycerol to various value-added chemicals. This article describes reaction of glycerol with benzyl alcohol in solvent-free medium by using a clay supported modified heteropolyacid (HPA), Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40/K-10 (Cs-DTP/K-10) as solid catalyst and its comparison with other catalysts in a batch reactor. Mono-Benzyl glycerol ether (MBGE) was the major product formed in the reaction along with formation of di-benzyl glycerol ether (DBGE). The effects of different parameters were studied to optimize the reaction parameters. This work provides an insight into characterization of Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40/K-10 catalyst by advanced techniques such as surface area measurement, X-ray analysis, ICP-MS, FT-IR, and SEM. Reaction products were characterized and confirmed by using the GCMS method. The kinetic model was developed from an insight into the reaction mechanism. The apparent energy of activation was found to be 18.84 kcal/mol.

scholarly journals Optimizing the catalytic activities of methanol and thermotolerant Kocuria flava lipases for biodiesel production from cooking oil wastes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Azhar Najjar ◽  
Elhagag Ahmed Hassan ◽  
Nidal Zabermawi ◽  
Saber H. Saber ◽  
Leena H. Bajrai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Relative Activity ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Enzyme Biocatalysis ◽  
Methanol Tolerant

AbstractIn this study, two highly thermotolerant and methanol-tolerant lipase-producing bacteria were isolated from cooking oil and they exhibited a high number of catalytic lipase activities recording 18.65 ± 0.68 U/mL and 13.14 ± 0.03 U/mL, respectively. Bacterial isolates were identified according to phenotypic and genotypic 16S rRNA characterization as Kocuria flava ASU5 (MT919305) and Bacillus circulans ASU11 (MT919306). Lipases produced from Kocuria flava ASU5 showed the highest methanol tolerance, recording 98.4% relative activity as well as exhibited high thermostability and alkaline stability. Under the optimum conditions obtained from 3D plots of response surface methodology design, the Kocuria flava ASU5 biocatalyst exhibited an 83.08% yield of biodiesel at optimized reaction variables of, 60 ○C, pH value 8 and 1:2 oil/alcohol molar ratios in the reaction mixture. As well as, the obtained results showed the interactions of temperature/methanol were significant effects, whereas this was not noted in the case of temperature/pH and pH/methanol interactions. The obtained amount of biodiesel from cooking oil was 83.08%, which was analyzed by a GC/Ms profile. The produced biodiesel was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) approaches showing an absorption band at 1743 cm−1, which is recognized for its absorption in the carbonyl group (C=O) which is characteristic of ester absorption. The energy content generated from biodiesel synthesized was estimated as 12,628.5 kJ/mol. Consequently, Kocuria flava MT919305 may provide promising thermostable, methanol-tolerant lipases, which may improve the economic feasibility and biotechnology of enzyme biocatalysis in the synthesis of value-added green chemicals.

scholarly journals Effects of Feedstock and Catalyst Concentration on Biodiesel Production

2012 ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
Norzita Ngadi ◽  
Hajar Alias ◽  
Siti Aktar Ishak
Keyword(s):  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Heat Of Combustion ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Soap Content ◽  
Soybean Oils ◽  
Used Oil ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Percentage Yield ◽  
Transesterification Method

In this study, production of biodiesel from new and used palm and soybean oils was carried out using a transesterification method. The effect of catalyst amount used towards the percentage yield, soap content and heat of combustion of the biodiesel produced was investigated. The soap content and heat combustion of the biodiesel were determined using titration (AOCS Cc-95) and heat calorimeter bomb (ASTM D240-09), respectively. The results showed that catalyst concentration of 0.5 w/w% gave the best result in terms of yield of biodiesel produced from both palm and soybean oils. However, the quality of biodiesel (i.e. soap content and heat of combustion) produced from palm and soybean oils behaved differently towards catalyst concentration. Overall, both oils (palm and soybean), either new or used oil apparently showed no significant difference in term of yield or qualities of biodiesel produced. This indicates that the used oil has high potential as an economical and practical future source of biodiesel.

scholarly journals Value-Added Products from Urea Glycerolysis Using a Heterogeneous Biosolids-Based Catalyst

Catalysts ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mattia Bartoli ◽  
Chengyong Zhu ◽  
Michael Chae ◽  
David Bressler
Keyword(s):  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Thermal Hydrolysis ◽  
Process Economics ◽  
Air Stream ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Value Added Products

Although thermal hydrolysis of digested biosolids is an extremely promising strategy for wastewater management, the process economics are prohibitive. Here, a biosolids-based material generated through thermal hydrolysis was used as a catalyst for urea glycerolysis performed under several conditions. The catalytic system showed remarkable activity, reaching conversion values of up to 70.8 ± 0.9% after six hours, at 140 °C using a catalyst/glycerol weight ratio of 9% and an air stream to remove NH3 formed during the process. Temperature played the most substantial role among reaction parameters; increasing temperature from 100 °C to 140 °C improved conversion by 35% and glycidol selectivity by 22%. Furthermore, the catalyst retained good activity even after the fourth catalytic run (conversion rate of 56.4 ± 1.3%) with only a slight decrease in glycidol selectivity. Thus, the use of a biosolids-based catalyst may facilitate conversion of various glycerol sources (i.e., byproduct streams from biodiesel production) into value-added products such as glycidol, and may also improve the economic feasibility of using thermal hydrolysis for treatment of biosolids.

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