Selected herbal feed additives showing protective effects against ochratoxin A toxicosis in broiler chicks

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.D. Stoev ◽  
P. Njobeh ◽  
I. Zarkov ◽  
T. Mircheva ◽  
D. Zapryanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Immunosuppressive Effect ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Humoral Immune

The protective effects of herbal feed additives Silybum marianum, Withania somnifera and Centella asiatica against the toxic effects of ochratoxin A (OTA) were studied in 70 broiler chicks aged from 11 to 42 days. OTA was given with the feed at levels 5 mg/kg, whereas S. marianum, W. somnifera and C. asiatica were given at levels of 1,100, 4,000 and 4,600 mg/kg, respectively. All chicks were immunised at the age of 14 days against Newcastle disease. A protective effect of all studied herbal additives against the immunosuppressive effect of OTA and associated biochemical or pathomorphological changes was seen. The intensity of macroscopical and histopathological changes, the deviations in relative organs’ weight or body weight, the biochemical changes and the decrease of antibody titer were strongest in the OTA-exposed chicks without herbal supplementation; followed by chicks treated additionally with C. asiatica, whereas the same changes were significantly slighter or not seen in chicks additionally treated with the herbal additives W. somnifera or S. marianum. The slight increase in the serum levels of uric acid and the enzyme activity of aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase also supported the protective effects of both herbs on the kidneys and/or liver. The strong immunosuppressive effect of OTA on humoral immune response against Newcastle disease was completely prevented in the chicks taking the herbal additives W. somnifera or S. marianum, which was supported by the higher relative weight of immunocompetent (lymphoid) organs in the same chicks. A hepatoprotective effect was found in OTA-exposed chicks treated additionally with W. somnifera and S. marianum, whereas a nephroprotective effect was only found in the chicks additionally treated with S. marianum as observed from the biochemical and pathomorphological findings. The same herbs could be used as a practical approach for safely utilising of OTA-contaminated feed.

Some Indian herbs have protective effects against deleterious effects of ochratoxin A in broiler chicks

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
S.D. Stoev ◽  
K. Dimitrov ◽  
I. Zarkov ◽  
T. Mircheva ◽  
D. Zapryanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Fine Powder ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Tinospora Cordifolia ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Protective Effects

A protective effect of two herbs, Glycyrrhiza glabra and Tinospora cordifolia, given as feed additives was observed against the growth inhibitory effect of ochratoxin A (OTA) and associated immunosuppression and biochemical or pathomorphological changes. The feed levels of 3 mg/kg OTA and fine powder of one of both herbs were given during a period of 32 days to female broiler chicks divided into 3 experimental and 1 control groups (14 chicks per group). The observed pathological and biochemical changes, the changes in relative organs’ weight and body weight, and the decrease of antibody titer against Newcastle disease were more pronounced in the OTA-treated chicks without herbal supplementation, and less pronounced in the chicks treated additionally with G. glabra or T. cordifolia as was shown by the better feed performance and the higher body weight in the chicks treated with the herbs. The higher relative weight of lymphoid organs of the chicks supplemented with both herbs revealed their beneficial effects on the immune system. The hepatoprotective effect of both herbs was evident, being stronger in the chicks additionally supplemented with G. glabra shown by the pathomorphological findings and by the lower levels of aspartate transaminase (131.1 U/l) compared to chicks given only OTA (156.0 U/l). A protective effect of T. cordifolia on the bone marrow and kidneys was found as was shown by the lower levels of uric acid (382.9 μmol/l) compared to chicks given only OTA (466.9 μmol/l).

scholarly journals Low Doses of Ochratoxin-A Decrease IgY and IgA Production in Broiler Chicks

Toxins ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahzad Khan ◽  
Emerson Venancio ◽  
Eduardo Fernandes ◽  
Elisa Hirooka ◽  
Alexandre Oba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Dose Group ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Bursa Of Fabricius ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Iga Production ◽  
Leukocyte Profiles

The mycotoxin, ochratoxin-A (OTA), produced by some fungi, and is a natural contaminant of many foods and animal feeds worldwide. Due to its toxic effects, the recommended maximum daily intake of OTA for poultry feeds is 0.1 mg OTA/kg (ECR2006/575/EC); this dose does not induce changes in hepatic/renal parameters, but decreases thymus size and serum globulin concentrations. Accordingly, in this study, we assessed quantitatively the total circulating IgY and IgA serum levels, in chicks consuming a 0.1 mg OTA/kg diet (limit) and higher doses (0.3–1.1 mg OTA/kg diet) for 14 or 21 days. We also evaluated other immunological parameters (thymus, bursa of Fabricius, and spleen weights and leukocyte profiles) at day 21. Decreased IgY serum levels were observed in all OTA-treated groups (p < 0.05). In the low-dose group, IgA levels were decreased on day 21, but not on day 14. The size of the thymus and the bursa of Fabricius was decreased in all OTA-treated groups (p < 0.05), whereas reduced spleen size and altered leukocyte profiles were detected only in the high-dose group (p < 0.05). We concluded that chronic exposure to OTA, even at the recommended highest dose, affected IgY and IgA production in chicks.

scholarly journals Examination of the efficacy of various feed additives on the pathomorphological changes in broilers treated with T-2 toxin

2009 ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Nesic ◽  
Darko Marinkovic ◽  
Ksenija Nesic ◽  
Radmila Resanovic
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Degenerative Changes ◽  
Bursa Of Fabricius ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Intestine Mucosa

A 21-day-long experiment was performed on 160 one-day-old 'Ross' broiler chicks. This research was done with the aim of investigating pathomorphological changes in broilers exposed to a relatively small amount of T-2 toxin (2 ppm) and the possibility of prevention and/or alleviating adverse effects of T-2 toxin using various feed additives. Pathohistological examination showed negative consequences of T-2 toxin in all examined organs as degenerative changes developed in small intestine mucosa, enterocites and hepatocites necroses, as well as lymphocites depletion in bursa of Fabricius. Disparately from inorganic (Minazel-plus, Mz) and organic (Mycosorb, Ms) adsorbents, which did not provoke protective effects, in liver, small intestine and bursa of Fabricius of broilers who were given feed with T-2 toxin and mixed adsorbent (Mycofix-plus, Mf), mostly preserved structure of these organs could be noted.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF MATERNALLY DERIVED ANTIBODIES AGAINST NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS AND ITS EFFECT ON VACCINATION IN BROILER CHICKS

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Jalil ◽  
MA Samad ◽  
MT Islam
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Primary Vaccination ◽  
Challenge Infection ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Group B

The study was conducted to determine the persistence of maternally derived antibody (MDA) and its effects on protection against NDV in broiler chickens and to investigate the status of humoral immune response following vaccination with BCRDV® (F-strain, lentogenic) at different ages of broiler chickens during the period from August to October,  2008. A total of 90 day-old broiler chicks of Cobb 500 strain with the history of vaccination of parent stock against Newcastle disease (ND) was divided into three groups (A, B and C). Birds of group A (n = 35) were used for the study of protection ability of MDA against NDV, the birds of group B (n = 45) were used for the measurement of humoral immune response in chickens following vaccination at different ages and birds of group C (n = 10) were used for the determination of persistence of maternally derived antibody. The level of antibody titre against NDV was determined by HI test. The protective potentiality of MDA and vaccine was determined by the rate of survivability of the chickens following challenge infection. It was observed that the MDA titre in day-old chicks was higher and gradually declined at minimal level at day 28. The MDA titre of 128 or above protected the birds following challenge infection with virulent NDV. There were significant decrease in HI titres of chickens which were vaccinated once at day 1 and day 7, and could not withstand challenge infection with virulent NDV. Single vaccination with BCRDV® at day 14 triggered the production of antibody but could not provide complete protection to the birds. The birds which were boosted with the same vaccine 7 days and 21 days after primary vaccination produced better immune response. However, the birds which were vaccinated primarily at day 1 and boosted at day 7 could not withstand the challenge completely. Of the other regimens of twice vaccination, primary vaccination at day 7 and booster dosing at day 28 was found to be the best in terms of immune response and protection potentiality. Therefore, it may be concluded that (a) The MDA titre level of 128 or above is sufficient to protect broilers against challenge with virulent NDV,( b) Primary vaccination at day 7 followed by a booster dosing at day 28 may be followed for better immune response and protection against ND in broilers.DOI: 10.3329/bjvm.v7i2.5995Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2009). 7(2) : 296 – 302

scholarly journals Antioxidant Protection against Pathological Mycotoxins Alterations on Proximal Tubules in Rat Kidney

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Awatef Ali ◽  
Susan Abdu
Keyword(s):  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Proximal Tubules ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Ultra Structure

Background: Ochratoxin A (OTA) was one of the mycotoxins and received attention worldwide because of the hazard it posed to human and animal health, where the kidney was the primary target organ for OTA toxicity. In the other hand, dates served as a good source of natural antioxidants and could potentially be considered as a functional food.Methods: The study was performed in the department of biology in King Abdulaziz University. Animals were gavage administrated and divided into four groups: first group received (sodium bicarbonate), second group received (289 µg OTA /kg B.W. /day), third group received (1mg Ajwa/kg B.W. / day) and fourth group received (289 µg OTA /kg B.W./day+ 1mg Ajwa /kg B.W. / day). Serum (creatinine - urea) levels were measured in each group at the time of tissue collection, some biopsies were fixed in 10% buffered formalin solution for light microscopy processing stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin (H& E.), Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) and Masson´s Trichrome (M.T.).Other biopsies were immediately collected into electron microscopy processing. Results: After 28 days, a significant decrease in body weight, kidney weight and relative weight was detected in OTA treated group. Also, Serum (creatinine-urea) level were elevated. The normal cyto-architecture of proximal tubules were lost exhibiting damaged bruch border, degenerated, binucleated and karyomegalic cells. The most destructed ultra-structure was the mitochondria which severely swollen with disintegrated membranes. In Ajwa Date extract-group the proximal tubules were normal, whereas in Ajwa date extract + OTA -group the severity of the lesions was significantly reduced. Conclusion: The present results indicated that, Ajwa date have protective effects and ameliorated the lesions of Ochratoxin nepherotoxicity which might lead to kidney failure. Key words: Ochratoxin A., Ajwa date, proximal tubules, light –structure, ultra –structure, biochemical analysis, morphometry.

scholarly journals Assessment of Newcastle disease vaccines from different veterinary outlets in Abeokuta

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
O. O. Oni ◽  
K. O. Bello ◽  
O. F. Soyinka
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
The Third ◽  
Vaccine Potency ◽  
Successful Control ◽  
Group D

Newcastle disease (ND) remains one of the major diseases ravaging the poultry industry in Nigeria. Vaccination of birds is carried out to protect birds against the disease. Despite vaccination against ND, birds still come down with the disease. This study was conducted to determine the potency of ND vaccines sold at different veterinary outlets in Abeokuta. Newcastle disease vaccines were purchased from three veterinary outlets (I, II and III) in Abeokuta over a period of 3 weeks and the haemagglutination (HA) titre determined. A total of 50 broiler chicks were also purchased and divided into 4 groups A-D. Groups A-C had 12 birds each and vaccinated against ND while Group D (Control) had 14 birds and were not vaccinated against ND. Groups A-C were vaccinated with ND vaccines with different HA titre and the antibody response determined using haemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay. Varying haemagglutination titre was recorded for all the vaccines purchased from the three outlets. The first batch of vaccines had haemagglutination titre of 0log2, 6log2 and 0log2 for outlets A, B and C respectively. The second batch had 6log2, 7log2 and 5log2 while the third batch had 4log2, 3log2 and 3log2 for outlets A, B and C respectively. Antibody titre stimulated in vaccinated birds by the second batch of vaccines for groups A, B and C birds were 1536log2, 1792log2 and 768log2 respectively, while the control birds had HI titre of 5log2. It is recommended that veterinary outlets improve the storage of vaccines, vaccine potency test be carried out on vaccines regularly and seromonitoring for humoral immune response in vaccinated chicken flocks be carried out for successful control of Newcastle disease.

scholarly journals The effects of heat-killed Tsukamurella inchonensis on intestinal morphology and humoral immune responses of broiler chickens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katayoon Nofouzi ◽  
Sorayya Mirzazadeh ◽  
Monireh Khordadmehr ◽  
Mohammad Sadegh Madadi ◽  
Soheila Amininia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Bursa Of Fabricius ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses

Background and Objectives: Tsukamurella species are Gram-positive rods that exist in a broad range of environments. In this study, the efficacy of heat-killed Tsukamurella inchonensis on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and humoral immune responses of broiler chicken was evaluated. Materials and Methods: Ross broiler chicks in the cage were randomly allocated to five groups. Trail diets were prepared by adding 106 cells per bird of heat-killed T. inchonensis into the basal trading diet for group 1 continuously dosed for 24 h from day 1 to day 13, and for group 2, 24 h on days 1 to 5; 8; 9, 12 and 13. Group 3 was received 10 6 bacteria as a subcutaneous injection on days 1, 6, and 12. Groups 4 and 5 were not received T. inchonensis during the experiment period. Results: Feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were not altered by different delivery methods of T. inchonensis supplementation. The pulsed dosed in feed tended to provide higher body weight gain (BWG) than the negative control groups. T. inchonensis treatments, never less of the ways of delivery, boosted (P<0.05) the antibody titers to Newcastle disease virus (NDV), and avian influenza (AI) (H9N2) virus, especially when broiler chickens treated with pulse dosed in the feed. The most significant intestinal development (p<0.05) was observed between groups 1 and 2. There were no significant differences in the thymus, liver, and bursa of Fabricius relative weight. Still, there were significant increases in the relative weight of spleen on day 14 in vaccinated chickens treated with T. inchonensis pulse dosed. Conclusion: It seems that the supplementation of T. inchonensis in the broiler diet can improve intestinal morphology and humoral immune response, which was represented by increased antibody response to NDV, and AI vaccines significantly, but it cannot affect FI and FCR.

Withdrawn: Hepatoprotective effects of Tribulus terrestris L. (Zygophyllales: Zygophyllaceae) hydro-alcholic extract on non-alcoholic fatty liver-induced rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Almasi ◽  
Mozafar Khazaei ◽  
Shima Chehrei ◽  
Ali Ghanbari
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Serum Lipid ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Lipid Profiles ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tribulus Terrestris ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver

Non-alcoholic fatty liver induces many complications to the liver tissue and also serum related parameters. Medicinal plants are the safe therapeutic strategy for the treatment of diseases. In this regards, the present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Tribulus terrestris L. (Zygophyllales: Zygophyllaceae) extract on non-alcoholic fatty liver in rats. In this experimental study, thirty male Wistar rats were divided into five groups (n = 6). Animals in experimental groups were received high fructose diet (70%) (HDF) daily alone or in combined with daily intraperitoneal injection of 500, 700 and 1,000 mg/kg extract of T. terrestris. Control group of rats was feed with standard chow. The serum levels of biomarkers of liver and serum lipid profiles were assessed, also histopathological examination of liver tissue done. Data were analyzed using One-way ANOVA method followed by Tukey’s post-hoc multiple comparison test and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. There were significant improvements for biomarkers of liver tissue (P < 0.05) and serum lipid profiles (P < 0.01) in the HFD-fed rats that were treated with T. terrestris extract compare to HFD-fed group. In addition, accumulation of lipids in hepatocytes was significantly reduced in the HFD-fed + extract administrated groups in comparison to HFD-fed rats (P < 0.01). T. terrestris extract has protective effects against non-alcoholic fatty liver by changing biomarkers of liver tissue, serum lipid profiles and histopathological anomalies of liver tissue, to normal range.

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