Some Indian herbs have protective effects against deleterious effects of ochratoxin A in broiler chicks

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
S.D. Stoev ◽  
K. Dimitrov ◽  
I. Zarkov ◽  
T. Mircheva ◽  
D. Zapryanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Fine Powder ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Tinospora Cordifolia ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Protective Effects

A protective effect of two herbs, Glycyrrhiza glabra and Tinospora cordifolia, given as feed additives was observed against the growth inhibitory effect of ochratoxin A (OTA) and associated immunosuppression and biochemical or pathomorphological changes. The feed levels of 3 mg/kg OTA and fine powder of one of both herbs were given during a period of 32 days to female broiler chicks divided into 3 experimental and 1 control groups (14 chicks per group). The observed pathological and biochemical changes, the changes in relative organs’ weight and body weight, and the decrease of antibody titer against Newcastle disease were more pronounced in the OTA-treated chicks without herbal supplementation, and less pronounced in the chicks treated additionally with G. glabra or T. cordifolia as was shown by the better feed performance and the higher body weight in the chicks treated with the herbs. The higher relative weight of lymphoid organs of the chicks supplemented with both herbs revealed their beneficial effects on the immune system. The hepatoprotective effect of both herbs was evident, being stronger in the chicks additionally supplemented with G. glabra shown by the pathomorphological findings and by the lower levels of aspartate transaminase (131.1 U/l) compared to chicks given only OTA (156.0 U/l). A protective effect of T. cordifolia on the bone marrow and kidneys was found as was shown by the lower levels of uric acid (382.9 μmol/l) compared to chicks given only OTA (466.9 μmol/l).

Selected herbal feed additives showing protective effects against ochratoxin A toxicosis in broiler chicks

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.D. Stoev ◽  
P. Njobeh ◽  
I. Zarkov ◽  
T. Mircheva ◽  
D. Zapryanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Immunosuppressive Effect ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Humoral Immune

The protective effects of herbal feed additives Silybum marianum, Withania somnifera and Centella asiatica against the toxic effects of ochratoxin A (OTA) were studied in 70 broiler chicks aged from 11 to 42 days. OTA was given with the feed at levels 5 mg/kg, whereas S. marianum, W. somnifera and C. asiatica were given at levels of 1,100, 4,000 and 4,600 mg/kg, respectively. All chicks were immunised at the age of 14 days against Newcastle disease. A protective effect of all studied herbal additives against the immunosuppressive effect of OTA and associated biochemical or pathomorphological changes was seen. The intensity of macroscopical and histopathological changes, the deviations in relative organs’ weight or body weight, the biochemical changes and the decrease of antibody titer were strongest in the OTA-exposed chicks without herbal supplementation; followed by chicks treated additionally with C. asiatica, whereas the same changes were significantly slighter or not seen in chicks additionally treated with the herbal additives W. somnifera or S. marianum. The slight increase in the serum levels of uric acid and the enzyme activity of aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase also supported the protective effects of both herbs on the kidneys and/or liver. The strong immunosuppressive effect of OTA on humoral immune response against Newcastle disease was completely prevented in the chicks taking the herbal additives W. somnifera or S. marianum, which was supported by the higher relative weight of immunocompetent (lymphoid) organs in the same chicks. A hepatoprotective effect was found in OTA-exposed chicks treated additionally with W. somnifera and S. marianum, whereas a nephroprotective effect was only found in the chicks additionally treated with S. marianum as observed from the biochemical and pathomorphological findings. The same herbs could be used as a practical approach for safely utilising of OTA-contaminated feed.

THE MECHANISM OF THE PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF ADRENALINE UPON THE DIABETOGENIC ACTION OF ALLOXAN IN THE DOG

1956 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. ARTETA ◽  
A. CARBALLIDO
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Β Cells

SUMMARY The i.v. injection of 50 μg/kg body weight of adrenaline hydrochloride prior to the injection of diabetogenic doses of alloxan has a protective effect in the dog. This protection has a duration exceeding that of the vasoconstrictor action of adrenaline. It is concluded that the protective effect may depend initially on alterations in the circulation of the pancreas brought about by adrenaline and may afterwards be maintained by the postadrenaline hyperglycaemia. The administration of 2 i.u./kg body weight of insulin by i.m. injection 2 hr before the injection of adrenaline diminishes or abolishes the protection phenomenon. This interference of insulin with the protective effect of adrenaline depends upon the hypoglycaemia which sensitizes the β-cells of the pancreas to alloxan. The i.v. injection of 2 i.u./kg body weight of insulin 5 min before the injection of adrenaline does not prevent its protective effect.

scholarly journals Protective effect of creatine against inhibition by methylglyoxal of mitochondrial respiration of cardiac cells

2003 ◽  
Vol 372 (2) ◽  
pp. 661-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumya Sinha ROY ◽  
Swati BISWAS ◽  
Manju RAY ◽  
Subhankar RAY
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Mitochondrial Respiration ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma ◽  
Creatine Phosphate ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Cardiac Cells ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Tissue Slices

Previous publications from our laboratory have shown that methylglyoxal inhibits mitochondrial respiration of malignant and cardiac cells, but it has no effect on mitochondrial respiration of other normal cells [Biswas, Ray, Misra, Dutta and Ray (1997) Biochem. J. 323, 343–348; Ray, Biswas and Ray (1997) Mol. Cell. Biochem. 171, 95–103]. However, this inhibitory effect of methylglyoxal is not significant in cardiac tissue slices. Moreover, post-mitochondrial supernatant (PMS) of cardiac cells could almost completely protect the mitochondrial respiration against the inhibitory effect of methylglyoxal. A systematic search indicated that creatine present in cardiac cells is responsible for this protective effect. Glutathione has also some protective effect. However, creatine phosphate, creatinine, urea, glutathione disulphide and β-mercaptoethanol have no protective effect. The inhibitory and protective effects of methylglyoxal and creatine respectively on cardiac mitochondrial respiration were studied with various concentrations of both methylglyoxal and creatine. Interestingly, neither creatine nor glutathione have any protective effect on the inhibition by methylglyoxal on the mitochondrial respiration of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells. The creatine and glutathione contents of several PMS, which were tested for the possible protective effect, were measured. The activities of two important enzymes, namely glyoxalase I and creatine kinase, which act upon glutathione plus methylglyoxal and creatine respectively, were also measured in different PMS. Whether mitochondrial creatine kinase had any role in the protective effect of creatine had also been investigated using 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, an inhibitor of creatine kinase. The differential effect of creatine on mitochondria of cardiac and malignant cells has been discussed with reference to the therapeutic potential of methylglyoxal.

scholarly journals Administration of garlic and neem in broiler diet for safe meat production

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-126
Author(s):  
R Islam ◽  
MM Hossain ◽  
F Nargis ◽  
ME Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Broiler Production

This study was conducted to observe the effect of different administration method of garlic and neem on growth performances, feed efficiency and serum biochemical parameters for safe broiler production. The experiment was done for a period of 32 days with 384 one-day-old straight run broiler chicks. The broiler chicks were divided into six groups each of 64 birds and replicated to four subgroups each of 16 birds. The dietary groups were; control (basal diet; no additives), antibiotic (basal diet + antibiotic), garlic in feed (basal diet + 0.25% garlic powder), garlic in water (basal diet + garlic extracts), neem in feed (basal diet + 0.25% neem powder) and neem in water (basal diet + neem extracts). Results showed that the body weight and body weight gain increased significantly (P<0.05) in both the garlic and neem groups compared to the control group. Feed intake was not different (P>0.05) among the treatment groups. Garlic in feed and water and neem in feed groups showed better FCR (P<0.05) compared to the other treatment groups. There were no significant (P>0.05) difference in meat yield, bone development and dressing parameters except head and gizzard in different dietary groups. Supplementation of garlic with feed and water significantly (P<0.05) decrease cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL compared to the other groups. However, both the garlic and neem groups showed numerically higher HDL compare to the control group. There were no 0significant (P>0.05) differences in serum glucose and GPT among different treatment groups. GOT was significantly (P<0.05) lower in neem groups than that of garlic and antibiotic groups. Additive groups showed higher profitability than control group. Based on the results of the study, it may be suggested that the garlic and neem could be used both in feed and water as potential feed additives for safe broiler production. Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2019. 48 (2): 116-126

scholarly journals Inhibitory Effect of Essential Oil from Fructus Alpiniae zerumbet on Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transformation Induced by TGF-β1 and down-regulating KLF4

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
shuang zhao ◽  
Li He ◽  
Mei Huang ◽  
Meng xin Tu ◽  
Xiang chun Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Histone H3 ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Migration Ability ◽  
Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Transformation

Abstract Background: Endothelial Mesenchymal Transformation (EndMT) contributes to the development of cardiovascular disease. Krüpple factor 4 (KLF4) is a zinc finger transcription factor whose N-terminus can recruit acetyltransferase to promote histone acetylation, thereby affecting the transcription activation of downstream genes. Our previous studies have shown that EOFAZ has protective effects on HUVECs oxidative stress induced by TGF-β1. However, whether EOFAZ has a protective effect on EndMT induced by TGF-β1 and whether it is related to the regulation of downstream signals by KLF4 has not yet been elucidated.Methods: The protective effects of EOFAZ were evaluated in TGF-β1-treated EndMT in Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Cell mobility was evaluated by wound-healing, transwell assays and angiogenesis experiment. Western blot analysis, Quantitative real-time PCR analysis (qRT-PCR) and immunofluorescence staining were utilized to determine the expression of endothelial and mesenchymal markers , KLF4, Histone 3 acetylation and Notch/Snail signaling axis. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) and adenovirus infection were used to determine the effciency of KLF4 inhibition and overexpression. Immunoprecipitation experiments were performed to analyze protein interactions.Results: We reported that EOFAZ has a protective effect on EndMT induced by TGF-β1. Deletion of KLF4 inhibited EndMT induced by TGF-β1 in HUVECs. EOFAZ pretreatment and KLF4 knockout reduced the migration ability of HUVECs , and increased endothelial markers accompanied by decreased mesenchymal markers, meanwhile caused the change of Notch/Snail signal axis. In addition, TGF-β1 upregulated the expression of KLF4, while the high expression of KLF4 promoted the acetylation of histone H3, and there was a protein interaction between the acetylated histone H3 and KLF4. Conclusions: These results suggest that TGF-β1 may promote the acetylation of histone H3 and activate the transduction of Notch/Snail signal axis by up-regulating the expression of KLF4, which may induce EndMT and this effect may be reversed by EOFAZ. Therefore, EOFAZ may inhibit EndMT induced by TGF-β1 by down-regulating KLF4 expression.

scholarly journals Examination of the efficacy of various feed additives on the pathomorphological changes in broilers treated with T-2 toxin

2009 ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Nesic ◽  
Darko Marinkovic ◽  
Ksenija Nesic ◽  
Radmila Resanovic
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Degenerative Changes ◽  
Bursa Of Fabricius ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Intestine Mucosa

A 21-day-long experiment was performed on 160 one-day-old 'Ross' broiler chicks. This research was done with the aim of investigating pathomorphological changes in broilers exposed to a relatively small amount of T-2 toxin (2 ppm) and the possibility of prevention and/or alleviating adverse effects of T-2 toxin using various feed additives. Pathohistological examination showed negative consequences of T-2 toxin in all examined organs as degenerative changes developed in small intestine mucosa, enterocites and hepatocites necroses, as well as lymphocites depletion in bursa of Fabricius. Disparately from inorganic (Minazel-plus, Mz) and organic (Mycosorb, Ms) adsorbents, which did not provoke protective effects, in liver, small intestine and bursa of Fabricius of broilers who were given feed with T-2 toxin and mixed adsorbent (Mycofix-plus, Mf), mostly preserved structure of these organs could be noted.

Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Garlic (Allium sativum) powder on Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Broilers

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 67-70
Author(s):  
R B Makwana ◽  
S R Bhagwat ◽  
S S Parikh ◽  
B D Savaliya ◽  
C N Jadav
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Garlic Powder ◽  
Dietary Treatments

The present study was carried out for six weeks to investigate the effects of adding graded levels (0, 0.1 and 0.5%) of garlic (Allium sativum) powder to the basal experimental diet on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chicks. One hundred and eighty (n = 180) day old unsexed white commercial broiler chicks (Cobb-400) were randomly distributed into three dietary treatments of 60 birds/treatment and each treatment contained 4 replicates (15 birds/replicate). The dietary treatments were controlled basal diet (T1), and a diet supplemented with garlic powder at 0.1% (T2) and 0.5% (T3). Daily feed intake, weekly body weight, and residue leftover were recorded to calculate the feed conversion ratio (FCR). At the end of the experiment, six birds from each group were sacrificed to determine the carcass characteristics. Results revealed that dietary supplementation of 0.1% garlic powder (T2) significantly (p less than 0.01) improved body weight, body weight gain, feed intake and FCR as compared to birds supplemented with 0.5% garlic powder (T3) and control diet (T1). Dietary supplementation of 0.1% garlic (T2) resulted in significant (p less than 0.05) improvement in dressed yield as comparedto T3 and T1. On the other hand, comparable (p greator than 0.05) effect was observed on shrinkage loss, blood loss, feather loss, eviscerated yieldand relative weight of giblet. Thus, dietary supplementation of 0.1% garlic powder had beneficial effects on growth performance and dressed yield of broiler chicks.

scholarly journals Protective effect of Echinochrome against intrahepatic cholestasis induced by alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate in rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-111
Author(s):  
Sohair R Fahmy ◽  
Dawlat A Sayed ◽  
Amel M Soliman ◽  
Nesreen Y Almortada ◽  
Wafaa E Abd-El Aal
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Bile Duct ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Intrahepatic Cholestasis ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Indirect Bilirubin ◽  
Albumin Content ◽  
Gst Activity

Abstract The present study was designed to evaluate the protective effects of echinochrome (Ech) on intrahepatic cholestasis in rats induced by a single (i.p.) injection of alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT) (75 mg/kg body weight). The rats were pre-treated orally for 48hr (one dose / 24hr) with Ech (1, 5 and 10 mg/kg body weight) or ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) 80 mg/kg body weight drug then, injected with ANIT. ANIT markedly increased serum activities of alanine amino transaminase (ALT), aspartate amino transaminase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which was accompanied by a massive inflammation of epithelial cells on bile duct at 24h after ANIT injection. ANIT also increased the levels of total protein (TP), total bilirubin (TB), direct bilirubin (DB), indirect bilirubin (IB), however decrease albumin content (ALB). In addition ANIT increased hepatic MDA and NO level and decreased GSH level and GST activity. The Ech exerted hepatoprotective and anticholestatic effects as assessed by a significant decrease in the activities of serum AST, ALT and ALP, and the levels of TP, TB, DB and IB as well as liver MDA level and NO level. In conclusion, Ech was found to possess hepatoprotective effect against intrahepatic cholestasis induced by hepatotoxin such as ANIT.

scholarly journals Protective Effect of Anthocyanins Extract from Blueberry on TNBS-Induced IBD Model of Mice

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin-Hua Wu ◽  
Zeng-Lai Xu ◽  
Di Dong ◽  
Shan-An He ◽  
Hong Yu
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Experimental Colitis ◽  
Trinitrobenzene Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Histological Score ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Necrosis Factor ◽  
Different Doses

This study was carried out to evaluate the protective effect of anthocyanins extract of blueberry on trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) model of mice. The study employed female C57BL/6 mice (n= 50), and colitis was induced by intracolonic injection of 0.5 mg of TNBS dissolved in 50% ethanol–phosphate buffered solution. The mice were divided into five groups (n= 10): vehicle, TNBS control and anthocyanins groups that received different doses of anthocyanins extract (10, 20 and 40 mg kg-1) daily for 6 days. Both increase in body weight and diarrhea symptoms were monitored each day. After 6 days, the animals were killed, and the following parameters were assessed: colon length, morphological score, histological score and biochemical assay (NO, myeloperoxidase (MPO), interleukin (IL)-12, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-αand interferon (IFN)-γ). The results showed that the anthocyanins extract of blueberry rendered strong protection against TNBS-induced colonic damage at a dosage of 40 mg kg-1. When compared with the control, anthocyanins extract significantly prevented loss of body weight and ameliorated the scores of diarrhea, morphology and histology. Treatment with anthocyanins extract restored IL-10 excretion, as well as caused reduction in the levels of NO, MPO, IL-12, TNF-αand IFN-γ. Our research revealed the protective effect of anthocyanins extract from blueberry on TNBS-induced experimental colitis in mice, as well as examined whether high levels of dietary blueberries would lower the risk or have protective effects on human IBD, which may require further investigation.

scholarly journals Study the Protective Effect of Ginger against the Toxicity of Dimethoate on Hormones in Rabbits

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-33
Author(s):  
Sara M. Elgazwi ◽  
Fayrouz A. Khaled ◽  
Manal F. Alsanous
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
High Toxicity ◽  
Organophosphorus Insecticides ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Toxicity Effect ◽  
Anti Inflammation

Organophosphorus insecticides have been widely classified as a health dangerous and high toxicity compounds due to their widespread use and release into the environment. Ginger (Zingiber officinale) has been used as a medicinal plant since antiquity and is known to play diverse biological roles including anti oxidation, anti-inflammation, hyperlipidemia, anti-carcinogenesis, anti-nausea, anti-thrombosis, and antibacterial process. The purpose of these experiments was to study decreasing the toxicity effect of Dimethoate by ginger. All animals in this study were assigned to one of four treatment groups: 0 mg ginger and 0 mg dimethoate /kg BW (control); 100 mg ginger/kg BW; 43.2 mg dimethoate /kg BW; and 43.2 mg dimethoate plus 100 mg ginger/kg BW. Rabbits were orally managed the particular measurements each other day for 12 weeks. Results indicated that treatment with ginger alone caused significant (P<0.05) increase in body weight (BW) and relative weight of testes compared to control animals. Whereas the rabbits treated with dimethoate showed significant (P<0.05) decrease in BW and relative weight of testes compared with control. Results showed that treatment with DM caused significant (P<0.05) decrease activity of testosterone, T3 and T4. While, increase the levels of FSH and LH in plasma. Ginger caused significant (P<0.05) increase in the activity of testosterone, T3 and T4 in plasma compared to control. While, decrease the levels of FSH and LH in plasma. The presence of ginger with DM caused significant (P<0.05) decrease in the reduction of T3 and T4, while caused an improvement in the levels of testosterone as compared to control and the presence of ginger with DM caused increase in the levels of FSH and LH as compared to control, and this means that ginger counteracted the toxic effects of DM.

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