scholarly journals Analysis of academic performance based on sociograms: A case study with students from at risk groups

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Tarquino Sanchez ◽  
David Naranjo ◽  
Jack Vidal ◽  
Diego Salazar ◽  
Cristina Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Eigenvector Centrality ◽  
Academic Variables ◽  
Academic Context ◽  
Academic Knowledge ◽  
The One ◽  
The University

The present work analyzes the academic performance of students from at-risk groups from the perspective of Social Network Analysis (SNA), studying the academic and interaction information of 45 students belonging to at-risk groups who attended a pilot socio-academic course during one academic term. This information was used to create a sociogram, which served as the basis for determining the centrality metrics of the SNA. The relationships between these metrics and the academic variables were then studied by means of correlation analysis and linear regression with LASSO standardization. As a preview of the results, it was determined that the academic performance of the students in the pilot course was influenced, on the one hand, by their academic knowledge prior to being admitted to the university, represented by the score on the Mathematics and Geometry section of the diagnostic test, and on the other hand, by the dynamics of the social network in which they interacted in the classroom, represented by the eigenvector centrality. These results have significant potential for explaining the academic performance according to SNA metrics, and they provide evidence to support the implementation of practices that promote a healthy social environment in an academic context.

scholarly journals The cognitive requirement in the multiple-choice exams in the university context and its relationship with learning approaches, self-regulation, teaching methods and academic performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-187
Author(s):  
Pilar Gandía Herrero ◽  
Agustín Romero Medina
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Multiple Choice ◽  
Approaches To Learning ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Multiple Choice Questions ◽  
Academic Context ◽  
Predominant Type ◽  
Training Activities ◽  
The University

The quality of academic performance and learning outcomes depend on various factors, both psychological and contextual. The academic context includes the training activities and the type of evaluation or examination, which also influences cognitive and motivational factors, such as learning and study approaches and self-regulation. In our university context, the predominant type of exam is that of multiple-choice questions. The cognitive requirement of these questions may vary. From Bloom's typical taxonomy, it is considered that from lower to higher cognitive demand we have questions about factual, conceptual, application knowledge, etc. Normally, the teacher does not take these classifications into account when preparing this type of exam. We propose here an adaptation model of the multiple choice questions classification according to cognitive requirement (associative memorization, comprehension, application), putting it to the test analyzing an examination of a subject in Psychology Degree and relating the results with measures of learning approaches (ASSIST and R-SPQ-2F questionnaires) and self-regulation in a sample of 87 subjects. The results show differential academic performance according to "cognitive" types of questions and differences in approaches to learning and self-regulation. The convenience of taking into account these factors of cognitive requirement when elaborating multiple choice questions is underlined.

scholarly journals Identification of cohesive subgroups in a university hall of residence during the COVID-19 pandemic using a social network analysis approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilar Marqués-Sánchez ◽  
Arrate Pinto-Carral ◽  
Tania Fernández-Villa ◽  
Ana Vázquez-Casares ◽  
Cristina Liébana-Presa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Social Network Analysis ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
University Students ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Case Study Methodology ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The One ◽  
Relationship Structure ◽  
The University

AbstractThe aims: (i) analyze connectivity between subgroups of university students, (ii) assess which bridges of relational contacts are essential for connecting or disconnecting subgroups and (iii) to explore the similarities between the attributes of the subgroup nodes in relation to the pandemic context. During the COVID-19 pandemic, young university students have experienced significant changes in their relationships, especially in the halls of residence. Previous research has shown the importance of relationship structure in contagion processes. However, there is a lack of studies in the university setting, where students live closely together. The case study methodology was applied to carry out a descriptive study. The participation consisted of 43 university students living in the same hall of residence. Social network analysis has been applied for data analysis. Factions and Girvan–Newman algorithms have been applied to detect the existing cohesive subgroups. The UCINET tool was used for the calculation of the SNA measure. A visualization of the global network will be carried out using Gephi software. After applying the Girvan–Newman and Factions, in both cases it was found that the best division into subgroups was the one that divided the network into 4 subgroups. There is high degree of cohesion within the subgroups and a low cohesion between them. The relationship between subgroup membership and gender was significant. The degree of COVID-19 infection is related to the degree of clustering between the students. College students form subgroups in their residence. Social network analysis facilitates an understanding of structural behavior during the pandemic. The study provides evidence on the importance of gender, race and the building where they live in creating network structures that favor, or not, contagion during a pandemic.

scholarly journals Early and Dynamic Socio-Academic Variables Related to Dropout Intention: A Predictive Model Made During Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Maluenda-Albornoz ◽  
Valeria Infante-Villagrán ◽  
Celia Galve-González ◽  
Gabriela Flores-Oyarzo ◽  
José Berríos-Riquelme
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Predictive Model ◽  
Academic Variables ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Social And Academic Integration ◽  
Predictive Design ◽  
University Dropout ◽  
University Experience ◽  
The University ◽  
Perceived Social Isolation

Social and academic integration variables have shown to be relevant for the understanding of university dropout. However, there is less evidence regarding the influence of these variables on dropout intention, as well as predictive models that explain their relationships. Improvements in this topic become relevant considering that dropout intention stands as a useful measure to anticipate and intervene on this phenomenon. The objective of the present study was to evaluate a predictive model for the university dropout intention that considers the relationships between social and academic variables, during the first university semester of 2020. The research was carried out using a cross-sectional associative-predictive design, with a convenience sampling (n=711) due the restrictions of pandemic period. The results showed a good fit of the proposed hypothetical model that explains 38.7% of dropout intention. Both social support and perceived social isolation predicted the sense of belonging, and through it, engagement. Previous academic performance predicted early academic performance, and through it, engagement. The set of variables predicted the intention to quit, through engagement. These results are a contribution both to the understanding of the phenomenon and to guide potential interventions in the early stages of the university experience.

scholarly journals Systemic processes in influenza in fection, as a triggers of the development of somatic pathology in patients at risk

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
E. G Deeva ◽  
T. G Zubkova ◽  
N. V Dunaeva ◽  
S. Zh Koltsebaeva ◽  
G. Yu Chelaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
Triggering Factor ◽  
Complicated Course ◽  
Severe Infections ◽  
The One

Pathogenetic mechanisms of influenza infection on the one hand are the triggering factor of certain diseases (asthma, neurological diseases and others.), on the other hand they worsen the course of concomitant somatic pathology, leading to severe, complicated course of infection and lethal outcomes in high-risk groups. The two components of the flu - a syndrome of systemic inflammation, which is manifested in the overproduction of cytokines and generalized vascular thrombosis syndrome (VTS) are the most important components of the pathogenesis of influenza and play a critical role in the development of severe infections, especially in patients with a history ofpremorbid background. Analysis of the pathogenic mechanisms of diseases, at risk, is necessary for the development of a comprehensive targeted tactics prevention, treatment and medical examination that will prevent mortality in these groups.

scholarly journals Early and Dynamic Socio-Academic Variables Related to Dropout Intention: A Predictive Model Made during the Pandemic

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 831
Author(s):  
Jorge Maluenda-Albornoz ◽  
Valeria Infante-Villagrán ◽  
Celia Galve-González ◽  
Gabriela Flores-Oyarzo ◽  
José Berríos-Riquelme
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Predictive Model ◽  
Academic Variables ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Social And Academic Integration ◽  
Predictive Design ◽  
University Dropout ◽  
University Experience ◽  
The University ◽  
Perceived Social Isolation

Social and academic integration variables have been shown to be relevant for the understanding of university dropout. However, there is less evidence regarding the influence of these variables on dropout intention, as well as the predictive models that explain their relationships. Improvements in this topic become relevant considering that dropout intention stands as a useful measure to anticipate and intervene this phenomenon. The objective of the present study was to evaluate a predictive model for university dropout intention that considers the relationships between social and academic variables during the first university semester of 2020. The research was conducted using a cross-sectional associative-predictive design, with a convenience sampling (n = 711) due to the restrictions of the pandemic period. The results showed a good fit of the proposed hypothetical model that explained 38.7% of dropout intention. Both social support and perceived social isolation predicted the sense of belonging and, through it, engagement. Previous academic performance predicted early academic performance and, through it, engagement. The set of variables predicted the intention to quit through engagement. These results are a contribution both to the understanding of the phenomenon and to guide potential interventions in the early stages of the university experience.

scholarly journals A Novel Centrality for Finding Key Persons in a Social Network by the Bi-Directional Influence Map

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1747
Author(s):  
Chin-Yi Chen ◽  
Jih-Jeng Huang
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Linear Process ◽  
Eigenvector Centrality ◽  
Pagerank Algorithm ◽  
Transition Functions ◽  
Realistic Problem ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

Symmetry is one of the important properties of Social networks to indicate the co-existence relationship between two persons, e.g., friendship or kinship. Centrality is an index to measure the importance of vertices/persons within a social network. Many kinds of centrality indices have been proposed to find prominent vertices, such as the eigenvector centrality and PageRank algorithm. PageRank-based algorithms are the most popular approaches to handle this task, since they are more suitable for directed networks, which are common situations in social media. However, the realistic problem in social networks is that the process to find true important persons is very complicated, since we should consider both how the influence of a vertex affects others and how many others follow a given vertex. However, past PageRank-based algorithms can only reflect the importance on the one side and ignore the influence on the other side. In addition, past algorithms only view the transition from one status to the next status as a linear process without considering more complicated situations. In this paper, we develop a novel centrality to find key persons within a social network by a proposed synthesized index which accounts for both the inflow and outflow matrices of a vertex. Besides, we propose different transition functions to represent the relationship from status to status. The empirical studies compare the proposed algorithms with the conventional algorithms and show the differences and flexibility of the proposed algorithm.

scholarly journals Depressive Symptoms and the Link with Academic Performance among Rural Taiwanese Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 2778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujuan Gao ◽  
Derek Hu ◽  
Evan Peng ◽  
Cody Abbey ◽  
Yue Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Depression Score ◽  
School Students ◽  
High Prevalence

Previous studies reflect a high prevalence of depressive symptoms among Taiwanese adolescents (ages 13–18), but there is an absence of literature related to the risk of depression of children in Taiwan (ages 6–12), particularly among potentially vulnerable subgroups. To provide insight into the distribution of depressive symptoms among children in rural Taiwan and measure the correlation between academic performance, we conducted a survey of 1655 randomly selected fourth and fifth-grade students at 92 sample schools in four relatively low-income counties or municipalities. Using the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D) we assessed the prevalence of depressive symptoms in this sample, in addition to collecting other data, such as performance on a standardized math test as well as information on a number of individual and household characteristics. We demonstrate that the share of children with clinically significant symptoms is high: 38% of the students were at risk of general depression (depression score ≥ 16) and 8% of the students were at risk of major depression (depression score > 28). The results of the multivariate regression and heterogeneous analysis suggest that poor academic performance is closely associated with a high prevalence of depressive symptoms. Among low-performing students, certain groups were disproportionately affected, including girls and students whose parents have migrated away for work. Results also suggest that, overall, students who had a parent who was an immigrant from another country were at greater risk of depression. These findings highlight the need for greater resource allocation toward mental health services for elementary school students in rural Taiwan, particularly for at-risk groups.

scholarly journals Multi-Substance Use Behaviors: Prevalence and Correlates of Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug (ATOD) Use among University Students in Finland

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6426
Author(s):  
Walid El Ansari ◽  
Abdul Salam
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Academic Variables ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Academic Policy ◽  
The University

Virtually no studies appraised the co-use of alcohol, tobacco, and other drug (ATOD) among Finn undergraduates. We assessed the associations between sociodemographic, health, academic, policy, and lifestyle characteristics (independent variables); and individual, multiple and increasing ATOD use (dependent variables) using regression analyses. Data were collected by online questionnaire at the University of Turku, Finland (1177 students). Roughly 22% of the sample smoked, 21% ever used illicit drug/s, 41% were high frequency drinkers, and 31.4%, 16.3%, and 6.7% reported 1, 2, or 3 ATOD behaviors respectively. Individual ATOD use was significantly positively associated with the use of the other two substances [adjusted odds ratio (Adj OR range 1.893–3.311)]. Multiple ATOD use was negatively associated with being single (p = 0.021) or agreeing with total smoking or alcohol ban policy on campus (p < 0.0001 for each); but positively associated with not living with parents (p = 0.004). Increasing ATOD behaviors were significantly less likely among those agreeing with total smoking or alcohol ban policy on campus (p range 0.024 to <0.0001). Demographics significant to either individual, multiple, or increasing ATOD use included males, being single, not living with their parents during semesters, and to some extent, religiosity. Age, depressive symptoms, perceived stress, self-rated health, health awareness, income sufficiency, and academic variables were not associated with individual, multiple, or increasing ATOD use. Education and prevention efforts need to reinforce abstinence from ATOD, highlight their harmful outcomes, and target risk groups highlighted above. University strategies should be part of the wider country-wide successful ATOD control policies.

Fundamental Research into Thin Films in a Developing Country

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 500-501
Author(s):  
J.A. Eades ◽  
E. Grünbaum
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Growth Process ◽  
Empirical Process ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Film Research ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
Controlled Deposition ◽  
The One ◽  
The University

In the last decade and a half, thin film research, particularly research into problems associated with epitaxy, has developed from a simple empirical process of determining the conditions for epitaxy into a complex analytical and experimental study of the nucleation and growth process on the one hand and a technology of very great importance on the other. During this period the thin films group of the University of Chile has studied the epitaxy of metals on metal and insulating substrates. The development of the group, one of the first research groups in physics to be established in the country, has parallelled the increasing complexity of the field.The elaborate techniques and equipment now needed for research into thin films may be illustrated by considering the plant and facilities of this group as characteristic of a good system for the controlled deposition and study of thin films.

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